1A JeHoVaH riekol Mojžišovi a Áronovi v Egyptskej zemi: 2Tento mesiac vám bude počiatkom mesiacov; prvým vám bude z mesiacov v roku. 3Hovorte celej obci Izraelovej a poviete: Desiateho dňa tohoto mesiaca si vezmú každý dobytča, podľa domu svojich otcov, dobytča na dom. 4A keby bol niektorý dom primálo na dobytča, vtedy vezme on a jeho súsed, blízky jeho domu, podľa počtu duší; každý podľa toho, koľko ktorý zjie, toľko počítate na dobytča. 5Dobytča budete mať bez vady, samca, ročného; vezmete ho z oviec alebo z kôz. 6A majúc naň pozor budete ho opatrovať až do štrnásteho dňa tohoto mesiaca, a zabije ho celé shromaždenie obce Izraelovej medzi oboma časmi večernými. 7Potom vezmú z jeho krvi a dajú na obe strany podvojí aj na vrchný prah na domoch, v ktorých ho budú jesť. 8Jeho mäso budú jesť tej noci pečené na ohni, aj nekvasené chleby; s horkými zelinami ho budú jesť. 9Nebudete z neho jesť surového ani vareného vo vode, ale iba pečené na ohni, všetko spolu: jeho hlavu s jeho nohami i s jeho vnútornosťami. 10Ani nezanecháte z neho ničoho do rána; a to, čo by zostalo z neho do rána, spálite ohňom. 11A takto ho budete jesť: svoje bedrá budete mať prepásané, svoju obuv na svojich nohách a svoju palicu vo svojej ruke, a budete ho jesť v spechu; to je pesach JeHoVaHovo <Pesach JeHoVaHovo = (ušetrujúce) preskočenie JeHoVaHovo, čiže slávnosť baránka>, 12pretože v tú noc pojdem Egyptskou zemou a pobijem všetko prvorodené v Egyptskej zemi od človeka až do hoväda a na všetkých bohoch egyptských vykonám súdy, ja JeHoVaH. 13A tá krv vám bude na znamenie na domoch, v ktorých budete, a keď uvidím krv, preskočím vás, a nebude medzi vami rany zahubiť, keď budem biť prvorodené v Egyptskej zemi. 14Ten deň vám bude na pamiatku, a budete ho sláviť ako slávnosť JeHoVaHovu po svojich pokoleniach; večným ustanovením ho budete sláviť. 15Sedem dní budete jesť nekvasené chleby. Ale už v prvý deň odstránite kvas zo svojich domov, lebo každý, kto by jedol niečo kvaseného od prvého dňa až do siedmeho, tá duša bude vyplienená z Izraela. 16A prvého dňa bude sväté shromaždenie, i v siedmy deň vám bude sväté shromaždenie. Nijaká práca nebude sa v nich robiť iba to, čo je každej duši potrebné na jedenie, to jediné budete môcť robiť. 17A budete ostríhať slávnosť nekvasených chlebov, lebo práve v ten istý deň som vyviedol vaše vojská z Egyptskej zeme, a preto budete ostríhať tento deň po svojich pokoleniach večným ustanovením. 18Prvého mesiaca, štrnásteho dňa toho mesiaca večer budete jesť nekvasené chleby až do dvadsiateho prvého dňa toho istého mesiaca večer. 19Sedem dní sa nenajde kvas vo vašich domoch. Lebo každý, kto by jedol niečo kvaseného, tá duša bude vyťatá z obce Izraelovej, či už by to bol pohostín a či zrodený v zemi. 20Nebudete jesť ničoho kvaseného; vo všetkých svojich bydliskách budete jesť nekvasené chleby. 21Vtedy svolal Mojžiš všetkých starších Izraelových a povedal im: Iďte a vezmite si dobytča z drobného stáda po svojich čeľadiach a zabite obeť pesachu, baránka. 22A vezmete viazaničku yzopu a zamočíte do krvi, ktorá bude v medenici a dotknete sa horného prahu a oboch strán podvojí krvou, ktorá bude v medenici, a vy nikto nevyjdete zo dverí svojho domu až do rána. 23A JeHoVaH pojde zemou a bude biť Egypťanov ranou a keď uvidí krv na vrchnom prahu a na oboch stranách podvojí, preskočí JeHoVaH dvere a nedá zhubcovi, aby vošiel do vašich domov zabiť. 24A budete ostríhať túto vec; bude to ustanovením tebe i tvojim synom až na veky. 25A stane sa, keď vojdete do zeme, ktorú vám dá JeHoVaH, tak ako hovoril, že budete zachovávať túto službu. 26A stane sa, keď vám povedia vaši synovia: Čo to máte jakú službu? 27Poviete: To je bitná obeť pesachu JeHoVaHovi, ktorý preskočil domy synov Izraelových v Egypte, keď bil Egypťanov smrteľnou ranou a naše domy vytrhnul od záhuby. A ľud skloniac svoje hlavy poklonil sa. 28Vtedy išli a urobili synovia Izraelovi tak, ako prikázal JeHoVaH Mojžišovi a Áronovi, tak urobili. 29Potom stalo sa o polnoci, že JeHoVaH pobil všetko prvorodené v Egyptskej zemi od prvorodeného faraonovho, ktorý mal sedieť na jeho tróne, až do prvorodeného zajatca, ktorý bol v dome jamy, i všetko prvorodené z hoviad. 30Vtedy vstal faraon vnoci, on i všetci jeho služobníci i všetci Egypťania, a povstal veliký krik v Egypte, lebo nebolo domu, kde by nebolo bývalo mŕtveho. 31A zavolal Mojžiša a Árona vnoci a riekol: Vstaňte, vyjdite zpomedzi môjho ľudu i vy i synovia Izraelovi a iďte, slúžte JeHoVaHovi, tak ako ste hovorili. 32Vezmite i svoje drobné stádo i svoj hovädzí dobytok, ako ste vraveli, a iďte a požehnajte i mňa. 33A Egypťania nútili ľud, aby sa ponáhľali, aby ich čím skôr vyhnali zo zeme, lebo vraveli: Všetci pomrieme. 34Vtedy vzal ľud svoje cesto, prv ako by bolo skyslo, svoje nádoby na cesto, zavinuté do svojich hábov, na svoje plecia. 35A synovia Izraelovi urobili podľa slova Mojžišovho a vyžiadali si od Egypťanov strieborné klenoty a zlaté klenoty, aj rúcha. 36A JeHoVaH dal ľudu milosť v očiach Egypťanov, že im splnili ich žiadosť. A tak olúpili Egypťanov. 37A synovia Izraelovi sa rušali z Ramsesa do Sukkóta okolo šesť sto tisíc peších mužov krome detí. 38I mnoho primiešaného ľudu odišlo s nimi hore i drobného stáda a hoviad, dobytka náramne mnoho. 39A napiekli z cesta, ktoré vyniesli z Egypta, nekvasených koláčov, lebo nebolo skyslo, pretože boli vyhnaní z Egypta a nemohli otáľať, ba ani potravy na cestu si nepripravili. 40A bývania synov Izraelových, čo bývali v Egypte, bolo štyristo tridsať rokov. 41A stalo sa po dokončení štyristo tridsiatich rokoch, že práve toho istého dňa vyšly všetky vojská JeHoVaHove z Egyptskej zeme. 42Bola to noc ochrany JeHoVaHovej nato, aby ich vyviedol z Egyptskej zeme. Tým bude táto noc JeHoVaHovi, ochranou Božou všetkým synom Izraelovým po ich pokoleniach. 43A JeHoVaH riekol Mojžišovi a Áronovi: Toto je ustanovenie pesachu: niktorý cudzinec nebude jesť z neho. 44Ale každý váš sluha, kúpený za peniaze, keď ho obrežeš, vtedy bude jesť z neho. 45Prišlec, ktorý sa usadil medzi vami, a najatý za mzdu nebude jesť z neho. 46V jednom a v tom istom dome sa bude jesť; nevynesieš z jeho mäsa von z domu, a kosti na ňom nezlomíte. 47Celá obec Izraelova ho učinia. 48A keď bude pohostíniť u teba pohostín a bude sláviť slávnosť baránka JeHoVaHovi, obreže sa mu každý mužského pohlavia, a len vtedy pristúpi, aby ho slávil. A bude jako zrodený v zemi. Ale nikto neobrezaný nebude jesť z neho. 49Jeden a ten istý zákon bude jako zrodenému doma tak i pohostínovi, ktorý pohostíni medzi vami. 50A všetci synovia Izraelovi urobili tak, ako prikázal JeHoVaH Mojžišovi a Áronovi, tak urobili. 51A stalo sa toho istého dňa, že JeHoVaH vyviedol synov Izraelových z Egyptskej zeme aj s ich vojskami.
Matthew Henry - Concise Commentary 1 The Lord makes all things new to those whom he delivers from the bondage of Satan, and takes to himself to be his people. The time when he does this is to them the beginning of a new life. God appointed that, on the night wherein they were to go out of Egypt, each family should kill a lamb, or that two or three families, if small, should kill one lamb. This lamb was to be eaten in the manner here directed, and the blood to be sprinkled on the door-posts, to mark the houses of the Israelites from those of the Egyptians. The angel of the Lord, when destroying the first-born of the Egyptians, would pass over the houses marked by the blood of the lamb: hence the name of this holy feast or ordinance. The passover was to be kept every year, both as a remembrance of Israel's preservation and deliverance out of Egypt, and as a remarkable type of Christ. Their safety and deliverance were not a reward of their own righteousness, but the gift of mercy. Of this they were reminded, and by this ordinance they were taught, that all blessings came to them through the shedding and sprinkling of blood. Observe, 1. The paschal lamb was typical. Christ is our passover,
1Cor 5:7. Christ is the Lamb of God,
John 1:29; often in the Revelation he is called the Lamb. It was to be in its prime; Christ offered up himself in the midst of his days, not when a babe at Bethlehem. It was to be without blemish; the Lord Jesus was a Lamb without spot: the judge who condemned Christ declared him innocent. It was to be set apart four days before, denoting the marking out of the Lord Jesus to be a Saviour, both in the purpose and in the promise. It was to be slain, and roasted with fire, denoting the painful sufferings of the Lord Jesus, even unto death, the death of the cross. The wrath of God is as fire, and Christ was made a curse for us. Not a bone of it must be broken, which was fulfilled in Christ,
John 19:33, denoting the unbroken strength of the Lord Jesus. 2. The sprinkling of the blood was typical. The blood of the lamb must be sprinkled, denoting the applying of the merits of Christ's death to our souls; we must receive the atonement,
Roma 5:11. Faith is the bunch of hyssop, by which we apply the promises, and the benefits of the blood of Christ laid up in them, to ourselves. It was to be sprinkled on the door-posts, denoting the open profession we are to make of faith in Christ. It was not to be sprinkled upon the threshold; which cautions us to take heed of trampling under foot the blood of the covenant. It is precious blood, and must be precious to us. The blood, thus sprinkled, was a means of preserving the Israelites from the destroying angel, who had nothing to do where the blood was. The blood of Christ is the believer's protection from the wrath of God, the curse of the law, and the damnation of hell,
Roma 8:1. 3. The solemn eating of the lamb was typical of our gospel duty to Christ. The paschal lamb was not to be looked upon only, but to be fed upon. So we must by faith make Christ our own; and we must receive spiritual strength and nourishment from him, as from our food, see
John 6:53,
John 6:55. It was all to be eaten; those who by faith feed upon Christ, must feed upon a whole Christ; they must take Christ and his yoke, Christ and his cross, as well as Christ and his crown. It was to be eaten at once, not put by till morning. To-day Christ is offered, and is to be accepted while it is called to-day, before we sleep the sleep of death. It was to be eaten with bitter herbs, in remembrance of the bitterness of their bondage in Egypt; we must feed upon Christ with sorrow and brokenness of heart, in remembrance of sin. Christ will be sweet to us, if sin be bitter. It was to be eaten standing, with their staves in their hands, as being ready to depart. When we feed upon Christ by faith, we must forsake the rule and the dominion of sin; sit loose to the world, and every thing in it; forsake all for Christ, and reckon it no bad bargain,
Hebre 13:13,
Hebre 13:14. 4. The feast of unleavened bread was typical of the Christian life,
1Cor 5:7,
1Cor 5:8. Having received Christ Jesus the Lord, we must continually delight ourselves in Christ Jesus. No manner of work must be done, that is, no care admitted and indulged, which does not agree with, or would lessen this holy joy. The Jews were very strict as to the passover, so that no leaven should be found in their houses. It must be a feast kept in charity, without the leaven of malice; and in sincerity, without the leaven of hypocrisy. It was by an ordinance for ever; so long as we live we must continue feeding upon Christ, rejoicing in him always, with thankful mention of the great things he has done for us.
21 That night, when the first-born were to be destroyed, no Israelite must stir out of doors till called to march out of Egypt. Their safety was owing to the blood of sprinkling. If they put themselves from under the protection of that, it was at their peril. They must stay within, to wait for the salvation of the Lord; it is good to do so. In after-times they should carefully teach their children the meaning of this service. It is good for children to ask about the things of God; they that ask for the way will find it. The keeping of this solemnity every year was, 1. To look backward, that they might remember what great things God had done for them and their fathers. Old mercies, to ourselves, or to our fathers, must not be forgotten, that God may be praised, and our faith in him encouraged. 2. It was designed to look forward, as an earnest of the great sacrifice of the Lamb of God in the fulness of time. Christ our passover was sacrificed for us; his death was our life.
29 The Egyptians had been for three days and nights kept in anxiety and horror by the darkness; now their rest is broken by a far more terrible calamity. The plague struck their first-born, the joy and hope of their families. They had slain the Hebrews' children, now God slew theirs. It reached from the throne to the dungeon: prince and peasant stand upon the same level before God's judgments. The destroying angel entered every dwelling unmarked with blood, as the messenger of woe. He did his dreadful errand, leaving not a house in which there was not one dead. Imagine then the cry that rang through the land of Egypt, the long, loud shriek of agony that burst from every dwelling. It will be thus in that dreadful hour when the Son of man shall visit sinners with the last judgment. God's sons, his first-born, were now released. Men had better come to God's terms at first, for he will never come to theirs. Now Pharaoh's pride is abased, and he yields. God's word will stand; we get nothing by disputing, or delaying to submit. In this terror the Egyptians would purchase the favour and the speedy departure of Israel. Thus the Lord took care that their hard-earned wages should be paid, and the people provided for their journey.
37 The children of Israel set forward without delay. A mixed multitude went with them. Some, perhaps, willing to leave their country, laid waste by plagues; others, out of curiosity; perhaps a few out of love to them and their religion. But there were always those among the Israelites who were not Israelites. Thus there are still hypocrites in the church. This great event was 430 years from the promise made to Abraham: see
Galat 3:17. So long the promise of a settlement was unfulfilled. But though God's promises are not performed quickly, they will be, in their season. This is that night of the Lord, that remarkable night, to be celebrated in all generations. The great things God does for his people, are to be not only a few days' wonder, but to be remembered throughout all ages; especially the work of our redemption by Christ. This first passover-night was a night of the Lord, much to be observed; but the last passover-night, in which Christ was betrayed and in which the first passover, with the rest of the Jewish ceremonies, was done away, was a night of the Lord, much more to be observed. Then a yoke, heavier than that of Egypt, was broken from off our necks, and a land, better than that of Canaan, set before us. It was a redemption to be celebrated in heaven, for ever and ever.
43 In times to come, all the congregation of Israel must keep the passover. All that share in God's mercies should join in thankful praises for them. The New Testament passover, the Lord's supper, ought not to be neglected by any. Strangers, if circumcised, might eat of the passover. Here is an early indication of favour to the gentiles. This taught the Jews that their being a nation favoured by God, entitled them to their privileges, not their descent from Abraham. Christ our passover is sacrificed for us,
1Cor 5:7; his blood is the only ransom for our souls; without the shedding of it there is no remission; without the sprinkling of it there can be no salvation. Have we, by faith in him, sheltered our souls from deserved vengeance under the protection of his atoning blood? Do we keep close to him, constantly depending upon him? Do we so profess our faith in the Redeemer, and our obligations to him, that all who pass by may know to whom we belong? Do we stand prepared for his service, ready to walk in his ways, and to separate ourselves from his enemies? These are questions of vast importance to the soul; may the Lord direct our consciences honestly to answer them.
