1Stalo se, že když David domluvil se Saulem, Jónatanova duše se spojila s duší Davidovou. Jónatan si ho zamiloval jako sebe sama. 2Saul ho v onen den přijal do služby a nedovolil mu vrátit se do domu jeho otce. 3Jónatan uzavřel s Davidem smlouvu, protože ho miloval jako sám sebe. 4Pak si Jónatan svlékl roucho, které měl na sobě, a dal ho Davidovi. Dal mu také své odění, svůj meč i luk a svůj pás. 5David vytáhl, kamkoli ho Saul poslal, a všude měl úspěch. Proto ho Saul ustanovil nad bojovníky. To se líbilo všemu lidu i Saulovým otrokům. 6Stalo se, že jak přicházeli, když se David vracel z boje proti Pelištejci, ženy ze všech izraelských měst vyšly vstříc králi Saulovi, aby zpívaly a tančily s tamburínami, s radostí a s triangly. 7Radující se ženy zpívaly: Saul pobil své tisíce a David své desetitisíce. 8Saul se velice rozzlobil a nelíbilo se mu to. Řekl: Davidovi přiřkly desetitisíce a mně přiřkly tisíce. Už mu chybí jen království. 9Od onoho dne Saul hleděl na Davida s podezřením. 10Příštího dne se stalo, že Saula uchvátil zlý duch od Boha a choval se uvnitř paláce jako prorok. David hrál svou rukou na loutnu jako každý den. Saul měl v ruce kopí. 11Vtom Saul vrhl kopí, neboť si řekl: Přibodnu Davida ke stěně. David však před ním dvakrát uhnul. 12Saul se Davida bál, protože s ním byl Hospodin, kdežto od Saula odstoupil. 13Proto ho Saul od sebe odstranil a ustanovil ho velitelem nad tisícem, aby vycházel a vcházel před lidem. 14Stalo se, že David měl na všech svých cestách úspěch a Hospodin byl s ním. 15Když Saul viděl, že má David velký úspěch, měl z něho strach. 16Celý Izrael i Juda však Davida miloval, protože před nimi vycházel a vcházel. 17Saul řekl Davidovi: Zde je má starší dcera Mérab. Dám ti ji za ženu. Jenom buď mým bojovníkem a bojuj Hospodinovy boje. Saul si totiž řekl: Ať proti němu není moje ruka. Ať je proti němu ruka Pelištejců. 18David ale Saulovi odpověděl: Kdo jsem já a co je můj rod, čeleď mého otce v Izraeli, abych se stal královým zetěm? 19Tehdy, kdy měla být Saulova dcera Mérab dána Davidovi, se však stalo, že byla dána za ženu Adríelovi Mechólatskému. 20Pak se do Davida zamilovala Saulova dcera Míkal. Když to Saulovi oznámili, líbilo se mu to. 21Saul řekl: Dám mu ji, stane se mu léčkou a bude proti němu ruka Pelištejců. Davidovi potom Saul řekl: Staň se dnes mým zetěm prostřednictvím druhé dcery. 22Svým otrokům Saul přikázal: Řekněte Davidovi potají toto: Podívej, král si tě oblíbil a všichni jeho otroci tě mají rádi. Staň se nyní královým zetěm. 23Saulovi otroci řekli tato slova Davidovi, ale David odpověděl: Připadá vám to snadné se stát královým zetěm? Vždyť já jsem chudý a bezvýznamný člověk. 24Saulovi otroci Saulovi oznámili: David odpověděl tak a tak. 25Saul nato řekl: Povězte Davidovi toto: Král netouží po věnu, ale po stu předkožkách Pelištejců, aby se pomstil na králových nepřátelích. Saul totiž zamýšlel nechat Davida padnout rukou Pelištejců. 26Jeho otroci oznámili tato slova Davidovi a Davidovi se to líbilo, že se stane královým zetěm. Nenaplnily se ani určené dny 27a David vstal, vytáhl se svými muži a pobil dvě stě Pelištejců. David přinesl jejich předkožky a předložil je v plném počtu před krále, aby se stal královým zetěm. Saul mu pak dal svou dceru Míkal za ženu. 28Když viděl Saul a poznal, že Hospodin je s Davidem a Saulova dcera Míkal ho miluje, 29ještě více se Saul Davida bál a byl po všechen čas Davidovým nepřítelem. 30Pelištejští velitelé dále vycházeli do boje. Pokaždé, když vytáhli, David měl větší úspěch než všichni Saulovi otroci. Proto bylo jeho jméno velmi vážené.
Jamieson Fausset Brown Bible Commentary 1 JONATHAN LOVES DAVID. (
1Sam 18:1-4)
the soul of Jonathan was knit with the soul of David--They were nearly of an age. The prince had taken little interest in David as a minstrel; but his heroism and modest, manly bearing, his piety and high endowments, kindled the flame not of admiration only, but of affection, in the congenial mind of Jonathan.
2 Saul would let him go no more home--He was established as a permanent resident at court.
3 Then Jonathan and David made a covenant--Such covenants of brotherhood are frequent in the East. They are ratified by certain ceremonies, and in presence of witnesses, that the persons covenanting will be sworn brothers for life.
4 Jonathan stripped himself of the robe that was upon him, and gave it to David--To receive any part of the dress which had been worn by a sovereign, or his eldest son and heir, is deemed, in the East, the highest honor which can be conferred on a subject (see on
Esth 6:8). The girdle, being connected with the sword and the bow, may be considered as being part of the military dress, and great value is attached to it in the East.
6 SAUL ENVIES HIS PRAISE. (
1Sam 18:5-9)
the women came out of all cities of Israel--in the homeward march from the pursuit of the Philistines. This is a characteristic trait of Oriental manners. On the return of friends long absent, and particularly on the return of a victorious army, bands of women and children issue from the towns and villages, to form a triumphal procession, to celebrate the victory, and, as they go along, to gratify the soldiers with dancing, instrumental music, and extempore songs, in honor of the generals who have earned the highest distinction by feats of gallantry. The Hebrew women, therefore, were merely paying the customary gratulations to David as the deliverer of their country, but they committed a great indiscretion by praising a subject at the expense of their sovereign.
9 Saul eyed David--that is, invidiously, with secret and malignant hatred.
10 SEEKS TO KILL HIM. (
1Sam 18:10-12)
on the morrow, that the evil spirit from God came upon Saul--This rankling thought brought on a sudden paroxysm of his mental malady.
he prophesied--The term denotes one under the influence either of a good or a bad spirit. In the present it is used to express that Saul was in a frenzy. David, perceiving the symptoms, hastened, by the soothing strains of his harp, to allay the stormy agitation of the royal mind. But before its mollifying influence could be felt, Saul hurled a javelin at the head of the young musician.
there was a javelin in Saul's hand--Had it been followed by a fatal result, the deed would have been considered the act of an irresponsible maniac. It was repeated more than once ineffectually, and Saul became impressed with a dread of David as under the special protection of Providence.
13 FEARS HIM FOR HIS GOOD SUCCESS. (
1Sam 18:13-16)
Therefore Saul removed him from him--sent him away from the court, where the principal persons, including his own son, were spellbound with admiration of the young and pious warrior.
made him captain over a thousand--gave him a military commission, which was intended to be an honorable exile. But this post of duty served only to draw out before the public the extraordinary and varied qualities of his character, and to give him a stronger hold of the people's affections.
17 HE OFFERS HIM HIS DAUGHTER FOR A SNARE. (
1Sam 18:17-21)
Saul said to David, Behold my elder daughter Merab, her will I give thee to wife--Though bound to this already [
1Sam 17:25], he had found it convenient to forget his former promise. He now holds it out as a new offer, which would tempt David to give additional proofs of his valor. But the fickle and perfidious monarch broke his pledge at the time when the marriage was on the eve of being celebrated, and bestowed Merab on another man (see on
2Sam 21:8); an indignity as well as a wrong, which was calculated deeply to wound the feelings and provoke the resentment of David. Perhaps it was intended to do so, that advantage might be taken of his indiscretion. But David was preserved from this snare.
20 Michal Saul's daughter loved David--This must have happened some time after.
they told Saul, and the thing pleased him--Not from any favor to David, but he saw that it would be turned to the advancement of his malicious purposes, and the more so when, by the artful intrigues and flattery of his spies, the loyal sentiments of David were discovered.
25 The king desireth not any dowry--In Eastern countries the husband purchases his wife either by gifts or services. As neither David nor his family were in circumstances to give a suitable dowry for a princess, the king intimated that he would be graciously pleased to accept some gallant deed in the public service.
a hundred foreskins of the Philistines--Such mutilations on the bodies of their slain enemies were commonly practised in ancient war, and the number told indicated the glory of the victory. Saul's willingness to accept a public service had an air of liberality, while his choice of so difficult and hazardous a service seemed only putting a proper value on gaining the hand of a king's daughter. But he covered unprincipled malice against David under this proposal, which exhibited a zeal for God and the covenant of circumcision.
26 the days were not expired--The period within which this exploit was to be achieved was not exhausted.
27 David . . . slew of the Philistines two hundred men--The number was doubled, partly to show his respect and attachment to the princess, and partly to oblige Saul to the fulfilment of his pledge.
29 Saul was yet the more afraid of David--because Providence had visibly favored him, by not only defeating the conspiracy against his life, but through his royal alliance paving his way to the throne.