1Again the Word of Jehovah came unto me, saying, 2Son of man, speak to the children of your people, and say to them: When I bring the sword upon a land, and the people of the land take a man from their borders and make him their watchman, 3when he sees the sword coming upon the land, if he blows the shofar and warns the people, 4then whoever listens to hear the sound of the shofar and does not take warning, if the sword comes and takes him away, his blood shall be on his own head. 5He heard the sound of the shofar, but did not take warning; his blood shall be upon himself. But he who takes warning will save his soul. 6But if the watchman sees the sword coming and does not blow the shofar, and the people are not warned, and the sword comes and takes any soul from among them, he is taken away in his iniquity. But his blood I will require at the watchman's hand. 7So you, son of man: I have made you a watchman unto the house of Israel; therefore you shall hear the Word from My mouth and warn them from Me. 8When I say to the wicked, O wicked man, you shall die the death! and you do not speak to warn the wicked from his way, that wicked man shall die in his iniquity; but his blood I will require at your hand. 9Nevertheless if you warn the wicked to turn from his way, and he does not turn from his way, he shall die in his iniquity; but you have delivered your soul. 10Therefore you, O son of man, say to the house of Israel: Thus you say, If our transgressions and our sins lie upon us, and we pine away in them, how can we then live? 11Say to them: As I live, declares the Lord Jehovah, I take no delight in the death of the wicked, but that the wicked turn from his way and live. Turn! Turn from your evil ways! For why will you die, O house of Israel? 12Therefore you, O son of man, say to the children of your people: The righteousness of the righteous man shall not deliver him in the day of his transgression. As for the wickedness of the wicked, he shall not fall because of it in the day that he turns from his wickedness; nor shall the righteous be able to live because of his righteousness in the day that he sins. 13When I say to the righteous that he shall live life, but he trusts in his own righteousness and commits iniquity, none of all his righteousness shall be remembered; but because of the iniquity that he has done, he shall die. 14Again, when I say to the wicked, You shall die the death; if he turns from his sin and does justice and righteousness, 15if the wicked restores the pledge, gives back what he has stolen, and walks in the statutes of life, not committing iniquity, he shall live life; he shall not die. 16None of all his sins which he has sinned shall be remembered against him; he has done justice and righteousness; he shall live life. 17Yet the children of your people say, The way of Jehovah is not fair. But as for them, it is their way which is not fair! 18When the righteous turns from his righteousness and commits iniquity, he shall die because of it. 19But when the wicked turns from his wickedness and does justice and righteousness, he shall live because of it. 20Yet you say, The way of Jehovah is not fair. O house of Israel, I shall judge each one of you according to his ways. 21And it came to pass in the twelfth year of our captivity, in the tenth month, on the fifth day of the month, that one who had escaped from Jerusalem came to me and said, The city has been struck! 22Now the hand of Jehovah had been upon me the evening before the man came who had escaped. And He had opened my mouth; so when he came to me in the morning, my mouth was opened, and I was no longer mute. 23Then the Word of Jehovah came unto me, saying: 24Son of man, they who inhabit the ruins in the land of Israel are saying, Abraham was one, and he took possession of the land. But we are many; the land is given to us as a possession. 25Therefore say to them, Thus says the Lord Jehovah: You eat meat with blood, you lift up your eyes toward your idols, and shed blood. Shall you then possess the land? 26You rely on your sword, you commit abominations, and you defile each one his neighbor's wife. Shall you then possess the land? 27Say thus to them, Thus says the Lord Jehovah: As I live, surely those who are in the ruins shall fall by the sword, and the one who is in the open field I will give to the beasts to be devoured, and those who are in the strongholds and caves shall die of the pestilence. 28For I will make the land a desolate waste, her arrogant strength shall cease, and the mountains of Israel shall be so desolate that no one will pass through. 29Then they shall know that I am Jehovah, when I have made the land a desolate waste because of all their abominations which they have done. 30As for you, son of man, the children of your people are talking about you beside the walls and in the doors of the houses; and they speak to one another, everyone saying to his brother, Please come and hear what the Word is that comes from Jehovah. 31So they come to you as people do, they sit before you as My people, and they hear your words, but they do not do them; for with their mouth they act out love, but their hearts go after their unjust gain. 32Indeed you are to them as a singer of love songs, as one who has a pleasant voice and can play well on an instrument; for they hear your words, but they do not do them. 33So when this comes to pass (surely it will come); then they will know that a prophet has been among them.
Jamieson Fausset Brown Bible Commentary 2 RENEWAL OF EZEKIEL'S COMMISSION, NOW THAT HE IS AGAIN TO ADDRESS HIS COUNTRYMEN, AND IN A NEW TONE. (Eze. 33:1-33)
to the children of thy people--whom he had been forbidden to address from
Ezek 24:26-
Ezek 24:27, till Jerusalem was overthrown, and the "escaped" came with tidings of the judgment being completed. So now, in
Ezek 33:21, the tidings of the fact having arrived, he opens his heretofore closed lips to the Jews. In the interval he had prophesied as to foreign nations. The former part of the chapter, at Eze. 33:2-20, seems to have been imparted to Ezekiel on the evening previous (
Ezek 33:22), being a preparation for the latter part (
Ezek 33:23-
Ezek 33:33) imparted after the tidings had come. This accounts for the first part standing without intimation of the date, which was properly reserved for the latter part, to which the former was the anticipatory introduction [FAIRBAIRN].
watchman--
Ezek 33:1-
Ezek 33:9 exhibit Ezekiel's office as a spiritual watchman; so in
Ezek 3:16-
Ezek 3:21; only here the duties of the earthly watchman (compare
2Sam 18:24-25;
2Kgs 9:17) are detailed first, and then the application is made to the spiritual watchman's duty (compare
Isa 21:6-
Isa 21:10;
Hos 9:8;
Hab 2:1). "A man of their coasts" is a man specially chosen for the office out of their whole number. So
Judg 18:2, "five men from their coasts"; also the Hebrew of
Gen 47:2; implying the care needed in the choice of the watchman, the spiritual as well as the temporal (
Acts 1:21-
Acts 1:22,
Acts 1:24-
Acts 1:26;
1Tim 5:22).
3 the sword--invaders. An appropriate illustration at the time of the invasion of Judea by Nebuchadnezzar.
4 blood . . . upon his own head--metaphor from sacrificial victims, on the heads of which they used to lay their hands, praying that their guilt should be upon the victims.
6 his iniquity--his negligence in not maintaining constant watchfulness, as they who are in warfare ought to do. The thing signified here appears from under the image.
7 I have set thee a watchman--application of the image. Ezekiel's appointment to be a watchman spiritually is far more solemn, as it is derived from God, not from the people.
8 thou shalt surely die--by a violent death, the earnest of everlasting death; the qualification being supposed, "if thou dost not repent."
9 Blood had by this time been shed (
Ezek 33:21), but Ezekiel was clear.
10 be upon us--that is, their guilt remain on us.
pine away in them--if we suffer the penalty threatened for them in
Ezek 24:23, according to the law (
Lev 26:39).
how should we . . . live?--as Thou dost promise in
Ezek 33:5 (compare
Ezek 37:11;
Isa 49:14).
11 To meet the Jews' cry of despair in
Ezek 33:10, Ezekiel here cheers them by the assurance that God has no pleasure in their death, but that they should repent and live (
2Pet 3:9). A yearning tenderness manifests itself here, notwithstanding all their past sins; yet with it a holiness that abates nothing of its demands for the honor of God's authority. God's righteousness is vindicated as in
Ezek 3:18-
Ezek 3:21 and Eze. 18:1-32, by the statement that each should be treated with the closest adaptation of God's justice to his particular case.
12 not fall . . . in the day that he turneth-- (
2Chr 7:14; see
Ezek 3:20;
Ezek 18:24).
15 give again that he had robbed-- (
Luke 19:8).
statutes of life--in the obeying of which life is promised (
Lev 18:5). If the law has failed to give life to man, it has not been the fault of the law, but of man's sinful inability to keep it (
Rom 7:10,
Rom 7:12;
Gal 3:21). It becomes life-giving through Christ's righteous obedience to it (
2Cor 3:6).
17 The way of the Lord--The Lord's way of dealing in His moral government.
21 twelfth year . . . tenth month--a year and a half after the capture of the city (
Jer 39:2;
Jer 52:5-
Jer 52:6), in the eleventh year and fourth month. The one who escaped (as foretold,
Ezek 24:26) may have been so long on the road through fear of entering the enemy's country [HENDERSON]; or, the singular is used for the plural in a collective sense, "the escaped remnant." Compare similar phrases, "the escaped of Moab,"
Isa 15:9; "He that escapeth of them,"
Amos 9:1. Naturally the reopening of the prophet's mouth for consolation would be deferred till the number of the escaped remnant was complete: the removal of such a large number would easily have occupied seventeen or eighteen months.
22 in the evening--(see on
Ezek 33:2). Thus the capture of Jerusalem was known to Ezekiel by revelation before the messenger came.
my mouth . . . no more dumb--that is, to my countrymen; as foretold (
Ezek 24:27), He spake (Eze. 33:2-20) in the evening before the tidings came.
24 they that inhabit . . . wastes of . . . Israel--marking the blindness of the fraction of Jews under Gedaliah who, though dwelling amidst regions laid waste by the foe, still cherished hopes of deliverance, and this without repentance.
Abraham was one . . . but we are many--If God gave the land for an inheritance to Abraham, who was but one (
Isa 51:2), much more it is given to us, who, though reduced, are still many. If he, with 318 servants, was able to defend himself amid so many foes, much more shall we, so much more numerous, retain our own. The grant of the land was not for his sole use, but for his numerous posterity.
inherited the land--not actually possessed it (
Acts 7:5), but had the right of dwelling and pasturing his flocks in it [GROTIUS]. The Jews boasted similarly of their Abrahamic descent in
Matt 3:9 and
John 8:39.
25 eat with the blood--in opposition to the law (
Lev 19:26; compare
Gen 9:4). They did so as an idolatrous rite.
26 Ye stand upon your sword--Your dependence is, not on right and equity, but on force and arms.
every one--Scarcely anyone refrains from adultery.
27 shall fall by the sword--The very object of their confidence would be the instrument of their destruction. Thinking to "stand" by it, by it they shall "fall." Just retribution! Some fell by the sword of Ishmael; others by the Chaldeans in revenge for the murder of Gedaliah (Jer. 40:1-44:30).
caves-- (
Judg 6:2;
1Sam 13:6). In the hilly parts of Judea there were caves almost inaccessible, as having only crooked and extremely narrow paths of ascent, with rock in front stretching down into the valleys beneath perpendicularly [JOSEPHUS, Wars of the Jews, 1.16.4].
28 most desolate-- (
Jer 4:27;
Jer 12:11).
none . . . pass through--from fear of wild beasts and pestilence [GROTIUS].
30 Not only the remnant in Judea, but those at the Chebar, though less flagrantly, betrayed the same unbelieving spirit.
talking against thee--Though going to the prophet to hear the word of the Lord, they criticised, in an unfriendly spirit, his peculiarities of manner and his enigmatical style (
Ezek 20:49); making these the excuse for their impenitence. Their talking was not directly "against" Ezekiel, for they professed to like his ministrations; but God's word speaks of things as they really are, not as they appear.
by the walls--in the public haunts. In the East groups assemble under the walls of their houses in winter for conversation.
in the doors--privately.
what is the word--Their motive was curiosity, seeking pastime and gratification of the ear (
2Tim 4:3); not reformation of the heart. Compare Johanan's consultation of Jeremiah, to hear the word of the Lord without desiring to do it (Jer. 42:1-43:13).
31 as the people cometh--that is, in crowds, as disciples flock to their teacher.
sit before thee--on lower seats at thy feet, according to the Jewish custom of pupils (
Deut 33:3;
2Kgs 4:38;
Luke 10:39;
Acts 22:3).
as my people--though they are not.
hear . . . not do-- (
Matt 13:20-
Matt 13:21;
Jas 1:23-
Jas 1:24).
they show much love--literally, "make love," that is, act the part of lovers. Profess love to the Lord (
Matt 7:21). GESENIUS translates, according to Arabic idiom, "They do the delights of God," that is, all that is agreeable to God. Vulgate translates, "They turn thy words into a song of their mouths."
heart goeth after . . . covetousness--the grand rival to the love of God; therefore called "idolatry," and therefore associated with impure carnal love, as both alike transfer the heart's affection from the Creator to the creature (
Matt 13:22;
Eph 5:5;
1Tim 6:10).
32 very lovely song--literally, a "song of loves": a lover's song. They praise thy eloquence, but care not for the subject of it as a real and personal thing; just as many do in the modern church [JEROME].
play well on an instrument--Hebrew singers accompanied the "voice" with the harp.
33 when this cometh to pass--when My predictions are verified.
lo, it will come--rather, "lo it is come" (see
Ezek 33:22).
know--experimentally, and to their cost.
Having in the thirty-third chapter laid down repentance as the necessary preliminary to happier times for the people, He now promises the removal of the false shepherds as preparatory to the raising up of the Good Shepherd.