1And Jehovah spoke to Moses and Aaron, saying to them, 2Speak to the children of Israel, saying, These are the animals which you may eat among all the beasts of the earth: 3Among the beasts, whatever divides the hoof, being cloven and split, and bringing up the cud; that you may eat. 4Nevertheless these you shall not eat among those that bring up the cud or those that divide the hoof: the camel, because it brings up the cud but does not divide the hoof, is unclean to you; 5the hyrax, because it brings up the cud but does not divide the hoof, is unclean to you; 6the hare, because it brings up the cud but does not divide the hoof, is unclean to you; 7and the swine, though it divides the hoof, being cloven and split, yet does not bring up the cud, is unclean to you. 8Their flesh you shall not eat, and their carcasses you shall not touch. They are unclean to you. 9These you may eat of all that are in the waters: whatever in the water has fins and scales, whether in the seas or in the rivers; that you may eat. 10But all in the seas or in the rivers that do not have fins and scales, all that swarm in the water or any living creature which is in the water, they are detestable to you. 11They shall be detestable to you; you shall not eat their flesh, but you shall detest their carcasses. 12Whatever in the water does not have fins or scales; it shall be detestable to you. 13And these you shall detest among the birds; they shall not be eaten, they are detestable: the eagle, the vulture, the buzzard, 14the kite, and the falcon after its kind; 15every raven after its kind, 16the ostrich, the owl, the sea gull, and the hawk after its kind; 17the little owl, the cormorant, and the great horned owl; 18the white owl, the pelican, and the carrion vulture; 19the stork, the heron after its kind, the hoopoe, and the bat. 20All flying creatures that swarm, going upon all fours shall be detestable to you. 21Yet these you may eat of every flying creature that swarms, going upon all fours: those which have jointed legs above their feet with which to leap upon the earth. 22These you may eat: the swarming locust after its kind, the locust after its kind, the cricket after its kind, and the grasshopper after its kind. 23But all other flying creatures that swarm, having four feet shall be detestable to you. 24By these you shall become unclean; whoever touches the carcass of them shall be unclean until evening; 25whoever carries part of the carcass of them shall wash his clothes and be unclean until evening: 26Any beast that divides the hoof, but is not cloven and split and does not bring up the cud, is unclean to you. Everyone who touches it shall be unclean. 27And whatever goes on its paws, among all the animals that go on all fours, those are unclean to you. Whoever touches their carcass shall be unclean until evening. 28Whoever carries their carcass shall wash his clothes and be unclean until evening. They are unclean to you. 29These also shall be unclean to you among the swarming things that swarm on the earth: the mole, the mouse, and the great lizard after its kind; 30the gecko, the monitor lizard, the sand reptile, the sand lizard, and the chameleon. 31These are unclean to you among all that swarm. Whoever touches them when they are dead shall be unclean until evening. 32Anything upon which any of them falls when they are dead is unclean, whether it is any item of wood or clothing or skin or sack, whatever item it is, in which work is done, it shall be put in water. And it shall be unclean until evening; then it shall be clean. 33Any earthen vessel into which any of them falls you shall break; and whatever is in it shall be unclean: 34in such a vessel, any edible food upon which water falls shall be unclean, and any drink that may be drunk from it shall be unclean. 35And everything on which any part of their carcass falls shall be unclean; whether it is an oven or cooking stove, it shall be broken down; for they are unclean, and shall be unclean to you. 36Nevertheless a spring or a cistern, in which there is a collection of water, shall be clean, but whatever touches the carcass shall be unclean. 37And if any part of the carcass falls on any planting seed which is to be sown, it is clean. 38But if water is put on the seed, and if any part of the carcass has fallen on it, it shall be unclean to you. 39And if any beast which is for your food dies, he who touches its carcass shall be unclean until evening. 40He who eats of its carcass shall wash his clothes and be unclean until evening. He also who carries its carcass shall wash his clothes and be unclean until evening. 41And every swarming thing that swarms on the earth shall be detestable. It shall not be eaten. 42Whatever goes on its belly, whatever goes on all fours, or whatever has many feet among all swarming things that swarm on the earth; these you shall not eat, for they are detestable. 43You shall not make yourselves detestable with any swarming thing that swarms; nor shall you make yourselves unclean with them, that you should be defiled by them. 44For I am Jehovah your God. You shall therefore sanctify yourselves, and you shall be holy; for I am holy. Neither shall you defile yourselves with any swarming thing that swarms on the earth. 45For I am Jehovah who brings you up out of the land of Egypt, to be your God. You shall therefore be holy, for I am holy. 46This is the law of the beasts and the flying creatures and every living creature that moves in the waters, and of every creature that swarms on the earth, 47to distinguish between the unclean and the clean, and between the animals that may be eaten and the animals that may not be eaten.
Treasury of Scripture Knowledge 1 Lev 11:1 What beasts may;
Lev 11:4 and what may not be eaten.
Lev 11:9 What fishes.
Lev 11:13 What fowls.
Lev 11:29 The creeping things which are unclean.
Lev 11:1 2 Deut 14:3 -
Deut 14:8 Ezek 4:14 Dan 1:8 Matt 15:11 Mark 7:15 -
Mark 7:19 Acts 10:12 Acts 10:14 Rom 14:2 Rom 14:3 Rom 14:14 Rom 14:15 1Tim 4:4 -
1Tim 4:6 Heb 9:10 Heb 13:9Of the laws relative to clean and unclean beasts, which are recorded in this chapter and Deut. ch. 14
Deut 14:1 the following may be found a useful abstract.
1. In regard to quadrupeds, all beasts that have their feet completely cloven, above as well as below, and at the same time chew the cud, are clean. Those which have neither, or indeed want one of these distinguishing marks, are unclean. This is a systematic division of quadrupeds so excellent, as never yet, after all the improvements in natural history, to have become obsolete, but, on the contrary, to be still considered as useful by the greatest masters of the science.
2. With regard to fishes, Moses has in like manner, made a very simple systematic distinction. All that have scales and fins are clean; all others unclean.
3. Of birds, he merely specifies certain sorts as forbidden, thereby permitting all others to be eaten.
4. Insects, serpents, worms, etc., are prohibited; but with regard, however to those winged insects, which besides four walking legs, also have two longer springing legs, (Pedes saltatorii,) Moses makes an exception, and under the denomination of locusts, declares them clean in all four stages of their existence.
In Palestine, Arabia, and the adjoining countries, locusts are one of the most common articles of food, and people would be very ill of if they durst not eat them: For, when a swarm of them desolates the fields, they prove in some measure themselves an antidote to the famine which they occasion. They are not only eaten fresh, immediately on their appearance, but the people collect them, and know a method of preserving them for a long time for food, after they have dried them in an oven. --Niebuhr's Description of Arabia, pp. 170-175.
3 parteth.
Ps 1:1 Pro 9:6 2Cor 6:17cheweth.
Deut 6:6 Deut 6:7 Deut 16:3 -
Deut 16:8 Ps 1:2 Pro 2:1 Pro 2:2 Pro 2:10 Acts 17:11 1Tim 4:15 4 unclean unto you:
Gen 7:1,
Gen 7:2; Deut. 14:1-29;
Isa 52:11;
1Cor 8:13;
1Thess 5:22;
1John 3:4 5 the coney.
Shaphan, most probably an animal resembling the rabbit, called by Dr. Shaw,
daman (probably for
ganam) Israel, "Israel's lamb," and by Bruce,
ashkoko, which name he imagines is "derived from the singularity of these long herenacious hairs, which, like small thorns, grow about his back, and which an Amhara are called
ashok. " This curious animal abounds in Judea, Palestine, Arabia, and Ethiopia; and is described as being about seventeen inches when sitting. It has no tail; and at first sight gives the idea of a rat. Its colour is grey, mixed with reddish brown; the belly white, the body covered with strong polished hairs, for the most part about two inches in length; the ears round, and not pointed; the feet round, of a soft, pulpy, tender substance; the toes projecting beyond the nails, which are rather broad than sharp; the upper jaw is longer than the other; it lives upon grain, fruit, and roots, and certainly chews the cud; and it does not burrow like the hare and rabbit, but lives in clefts of the rocks.
Ps 104:18 Pro 30:26but divideth.
Job 36:14 Matt 7:26 Rom 2:18 -
Rom 2:24 Phil 3:18 Phil 3:19 2Tim 3:5 Titus 1:16 6 the hare.
Deut 14:7 7 swine.
Deut 14:8 Isa 65:4 Isa 66:3 Isa 66:17 Matt 7:6 Luke 8:33 Luke 15:15 2Pet 2:18 -
2Pet 2:22 8 they are unclean.
Lev 5:2 Isa 52:11 Hos 9:3 Matt 15:11 Matt 15:20 Mark 7:2 Mark 7:15 Mark 7:18 Acts 10:10 -
Acts 10:15 Acts 10:28 Acts 15:29 Rom 14:14 -
Rom 14:17 Rom 14:21 1Cor 8:8 2Cor 6:17 Eph 5:7 Eph 5:11 Col 2:16 Col 2:21 -
Col 2:23 Heb 9:10 9 Deut 14:9 Deut 14:10 Acts 20:21 Gal 5:6 Jas 2:18 1John 5:2 -
1John 5:5 10 they shall be.
Lev 7:18 Deut 14:3 Ps 139:21 Ps 139:22 Pro 13:20 Pro 29:27 Rev 21:8 11 Lev 11:11 12 Lev 11:12 13 the eagle. In Hebrew,
nesher, Chaldee,
neshar, Syriac,
neshro, and Arabic,
nishr, the eagle, one of the largest, strongest, swiftest, fiercest, and most rapacious of the feathered race. His eye is large, dark, and piercing; his beak powerful and hooked; his legs strong and feathered; his feet yellow and armed with four very long and terrific claws; his wings very large and powerful; his body compact and robust; his bones hard; his flesh firm; his feathers coarse; his attitude fierce and erect; his motions lively; his flight extremely rapid and towering; and his cry the terror of every wing.
Deut 14:12 -
Deut 14:20 Job 28:7 Job 38:41 Job 39:27 -
Job 39:30 Jer 4:13 Jer 4:22 Jer 48:40 Lam 4:19 Hos 8:1 Hab 1:8 Matt 24:28 Rom 1:28 -
Rom 1:32 Rom 3:13 -
Rom 3:17 Titus 3:3the ossifrage.
Peres, from
paras to break, probably the species of eagle anciently called
ossifraga or bone-breaker, (from
os, a bone, and
frango, to break,) because it not only strips off the flesh, but breaks the bone, in order to extract the marrow.
the ospray. Hebrew
ozniyah, Arabic
azan, and Chaldee
azyah, (from
azaz, to be strong,) a species of eagle, probably the black eagle, so remarkable for its strength.
14 Lev 11:14 15 Gen 8:7 1Kgs 17:4 1Kgs 17:6 Pro 30:17 Luke 12:24 16 Deut 14:15 -
Deut 14:18 Ps 102:6 Isa 13:21 Isa 13:22 Isa 34:11 -
Isa 34:15 John 3:19 -
John 3:21 Eph 2:2 Eph 2:3 Eph 4:18 Eph 4:19 Eph 5:7 -
Eph 5:11 Phil 3:18 Phil 3:19 1Thess 5:5 -
1Thess 5:7 Rev 18:2 17 Lev 11:17 18 Lev 11:18 19 bat:
Isa 2:20,
Isa 66:17 20 Lev 11:23 Lev 11:27 Deut 14:19 2Kgs 17:28 -
2Kgs 17:41 Ps 17:14 Matt 6:24 Phil 3:18 Phil 3:19 2Tim 4:10 1John 2:15 -
1John 2:17 Jude 1:10 Jude 1:19 21 Lev 11:21 22 Exod 10:4 Exod 10:5 Isa 35:3 Matt 3:4 Mark 1:6 Rom 14:1 Rom 15:1 Heb 5:11 Heb 12:12 Heb 12:13 23 Lev 11:23 24 Lev 11:8 Lev 11:27 Lev 11:28 Lev 11:31 Lev 11:38 -
Lev 11:40 Lev 17:15 Lev 17:16 Isa 22:14 1Cor 15:33 2Cor 6:17 Eph 2:1 -
Eph 2:3 Eph 5:11 Col 2:16 Col 2:17 Col 2:20 Heb 9:26 1John 1:7 25 wash his clothes, and be unclean.
Lev 11:28 Lev 11:40 Lev 14:8 Lev 15:5 Lev 15:7 -
Lev 15:11 Lev 15:13 Lev 16:28 Exod 19:10 Exod 19:14 Num 19:8 Num 19:10 Num 19:19 Num 19:21 Num 19:22 Num 31:24 Ps 51:2 Ps 51:7 Zech 13:1 John 13:8 Acts 22:16 Heb 9:10 Heb 10:22 1Pet 3:21 1John 1:7 Rev 7:14 26 Lev 11:26 27 Lev 11:20 Lev 11:23 28 beareth.
Lev 11:24 Lev 11:25shall wash.
Lev 11:14 29 creeping things that creep.
Lev 11:20 Lev 11:21 Lev 11:41 Lev 11:42 Ps 10:3 Ps 17:13 Ps 17:14 Hag 2:6 Luke 12:15 Luke 16:14 John 6:26 John 6:66 Eph 4:14 Phil 3:19 Col 3:5 2Tim 3:2 -
2Tim 3:5 Heb 13:5 30 Lev 11:30 31 Lev 11:8 Lev 11:24 Lev 11:25 32 it must be put into water.
Lev 6:28 Lev 15:12 Titus 2:14 Titus 3:5 33 ye shall break it.
Lev 11:35 Lev 14:45 Jer 48:38 2Cor 5:1 -
2Cor 5:8 Phil 3:21 34 Pro 15:8 Pro 21:4 Pro 21:27 Pro 28:8 Titus 1:15 35 they shall be.
Lev 11:33 Lev 6:28 Lev 15:12 2Cor 5:1 -
2Cor 5:7 36 a fountain.
Zech 13:1 John 4:14wherein there is plenty of water. Heb. a gathering together of waters.
37 sowing seed.
1Cor 15:37 1Pet 1:23 1John 3:9 1John 5:18 38 Lev 11:38 39 Lev 11:24 Lev 11:28 Lev 11:31 Lev 11:40 Lev 15:5 Lev 15:7 Num 19:11 Num 19:16 40 eateth.
Lev 11:25 Lev 17:15 Lev 17:16 Lev 22:8 Exod 22:31 Deut 14:21 Isa 1:16 Ezek 4:14 Ezek 36:25 Ezek 44:31 Zech 13:1 1Cor 6:11 1Cor 10:21 1John 1:7shall wash.
Lev 11:28 Lev 14:8 Lev 14:9 Lev 15:5 -
Lev 15:10 Lev 15:27 Lev 16:26 Lev 16:28 Num 19:7 Num 19:8 Num 19:19 41 Lev 11:20 Lev 11:23 Lev 11:29 42 goeth upon the belly.
Gen 3:14 Gen 3:15 Isa 65:25 Mic 7:17 Matt 3:7 Matt 23:23 John 8:44 2Cor 11:3 2Cor 11:13 Titus 1:12hath more feet. Heb. doth multiply feet.
43 Ye shall.
Lev 11:41 Lev 11:42 Lev 20:25yourselves. Heb. your souls.
44 I am the.
Exod 20:2ye shall.
Lev 10:3 Lev 19:2 Lev 20:7 Lev 20:26 Exod 19:6 Deut 14:2 1Sam 6:20 Ps 99:5 Ps 99:9 Isa 6:3 -
Isa 6:5 Amos 3:3 Matt 5:48 1Thess 4:7 1Pet 1:15 1Pet 1:16 1Pet 2:9 Rev 22:11 45 that bringeth.
Exod 6:7 Ps 105:43 -
Ps 105:45be holy.
Lev 11:44 Exod 6:7 Exod 20:2 Ps 105:43 -
Ps 105:45 Hos 11:1 1Thess 4:7 46 This. The distinction of clean and unclean animals, (see note on
Lev 11:2) existed even before the flood, though it probably then only related to sacrifices; but at this time we find there were very particular laws enacted respecting the diet of the people, and the ceremonial uncleanness contracted by touching the carcases of unclean animals. The reasons for the enactment of these laws seem to be--
1. As a test of obedience, and to teach the Israelites habits of self-denial, and the government of their appetites.
2. To keep them distinct from other nations, and consequently from their idolatrous usages, by throwing hindrances in the way of their social intercourse; for these distinctions were applicable both to persons and things. The Canaanites not only ate the animals prohibited by Moses, which we usually eat, but others also, among which dogs were one. Besides, many of those declared unclean were sacred among the heathen, and sacrificed to their gods.
3. Because those prohibited were innutritive and unwholesome; as the swine, the flesh of which being strong and difficult to digest, affords a very gross aliment, and produces, especially in hot climates, cutaneous, scrophulous, and scorbutic disorders, as the itch, leprosy, etc.
Lev 7:37 Lev 14:54 Lev 15:32 Ezek 43:12 47 Lev 10:10 Ezek 44:23 Mal 3:18 Rom 14:2 Rom 14:3 Rom 14:13 -
Rom 14:23