1Ho, everyone who thirsts, come to the waters; and he who has no money, come, buy and eat. Yea, come, buy wine and milk without money and without price. 2Why do you weigh out money for what is not bread, and your labor for what does not satisfy? Listen carefully to Me, and eat what is good, and let your soul delight itself in fatness. 3Extend your ear, and come to Me; hear, and your soul shall live; and I will make an everlasting covenant with you, even the sure mercies of David. 4Behold, I have given him as a witness to the people, a leader and commander of people. 5Behold, you shall call a nation that you do not know, and nations that did not know you shall run to you because of Jehovah your God, and for the Holy One of Israel; for He has glorified you. 6Seek Jehovah while He may be found; call upon Him while He is near. 7Let the wicked forsake his way, and the unrighteous man his thoughts; and let him return to Jehovah, and He will have mercy on him; and to our God, for He will abundantly pardon. 8For My thoughts are not your thoughts, nor are your ways My ways, says Jehovah. 9For as the heavens are higher than the earth, so are My ways higher than your ways, and My thoughts than your thoughts. 10For as the rain comes down, and the snow from heaven, and does not return there, but waters the earth, and makes it bring forth and bud, and gives seed to the sower and bread to the eater; 11so shall My Word be, which goes forth from My mouth; it shall not return to Me void, but it shall accomplish what I please, and it shall succeed in that for which I have sent it. 12For you shall go out with joy, and be led out with peace; the mountains and the hills shall break forth before you into praise, and all the trees of the field shall clap their hands. 13Instead of the thorn, the fir tree shall come up; and instead of the brier, the myrtle tree shall come up; and it shall be to Jehovah for a name, for a perpetual sign that shall not be cut off.
Jamieson Fausset Brown Bible Commentary 1 THE CALL OF THE GENTILE WORLD TO FAITH THE RESULT OF GOD'S GRACE TO THE JEWS FIRST. (
Es 55:1-
Es 55:13)
every one--After the special privileges of Israel (Isa. 54:1-17) there follow, as the consequence, the universal invitation to the Gentiles (
Lc 24:47;
Rm 11:12,
Rm 11:15).
Ho--calls the most earnest attention.
thirsteth--has a keen sense of need (
Mt 5:6).
waters . . . wine and milk--a gradation. Not merely water, which is needed to maintain life at all, but wine and milk to strengthen, cheer, and nourish; the spiritual blessings of the Gospel are meant (
Es 25:6;
Ct 5:1;
Jn 7:37). "Waters," plural, to denote abundance (
Es 43:20;
Es 44:3).
no money--Yet, in
Es 55:2, it is said, "ye spend money." A seeming paradox. Ye are really spiritual bankrupts: but thinking yourselves to have money, namely, a devotion of your own making, ye lavish it on that "which is not bread," that is, on idols, whether literal or spiritual.
buy . . . without money--another paradox. We are bought, but not with a price paid by ourselves (
1Co 6:20;
1P 1:18-19). In a different sense we are to "buy" salvation, namely, by parting with everything which comes between us and Christ who has bought it for us and by making it our own (
Mt 13:44,
Mt 13:46;
Lc 12:33;
Ap 3:18).
2 not bread-- (
Hb 2:13). "Bread of deceit" (
Prv 20:17). Contrast this with the "bread of life" (
Jn 6:32,
Jn 6:35; also
Lc 14:16-
Lc 14:20).
satisfieth not-- (
Ecc 1:8;
Ecc 4:8).
hearken . . . and eat--When two imperatives are joined, the second expresses the consequence of obeying the command in the first (
Gn 42:18). By hearkening ye shall eat. So in
Es 55:1, "buy and eat." By buying, and so making it your own, ye shall eat, that is, experimentally enjoy it (
Jn 6:53). Compare the invitation (
Prv 9:5-
Prv 9:6;
Mt 22:4).
fatness-- (
Ps 36:8;
Ps 63:5).
3 me . . . live--by coming to me ye shall live: for "I am the life" (
Jn 14:6).
everlasting covenant-- (
Jr 32:40;
2Sm 23:5).
with you . . . David--God's covenant is with the antitypical David, Messiah (
Ez 34:23), and so with us by our identification with Him.
sure--answering to "everlasting," irrevocable, unfailing, to be relied on (
Ps 89:2-
Ps 89:4,
Ps 89:28-
Ps 89:29,
Ps 89:34-
Ps 89:36;
Jr 33:20-
Jr 33:21;
2Sm 7:15-16;
2Co 1:18-20).
mercies of David--the mercies of grace (
Es 63:7;
Jn 1:16) which I covenanted to give to David, and especially to Messiah, his antitype. Quoted in
Act 13:34.
4 him--the mystical David (
Ez 37:24-
Ez 37:25;
Jr 30:9;
Os 3:5). Given by God (
Es 49:6).
witness--He bore witness even unto death for God, to His law, claims, and plan of redeeming love (
Jn 18:37;
Ap 1:5). Revelation is a "testimony"; because it is propounded to be received on the authority of the Giver, and not merely because it can be proved by arguments.
commander--"preceptor" [HORSLEY]; "lawgiver" [BARNES].
to the people--rather, "peoples."
5 thou--Jehovah addresses Messiah.
call . . . run--God must call, before man can, or will, run (
Ct 1:4;
Jn 6:44). Not merely come, but run eagerly.
thou knowest not--now as thy people (so in
Mt 7:23).
nation . . . nations--gradation; from Israel, one nation, the Gospel spread to many nations, and will do so more fully on Israel's conversion.
knew not thee-- (
Es 52:15;
Eph 2:11-
Eph 2:12).
because of . . . thy God . . . glorified thee-- (
Es 60:5,
Es 60:9;
Zc 8:23); where similar language is directed to Israel, because of the identification of Israel with Messiah, who is the ideal Israel (
Mt 2:15; compare with
Os 11:1; see
Act 3:13).
6 The condition and limit in the obtaining of the spiritual benefits (
Es 55:1-
Es 55:3): (1) Seek the Lord. (2) Seek Him while He is to be found (
Es 65:1;
Ps 32:6;
Mt 25:1-
Mt 25:13;
Jn 7:34;
Jn 8:21;
2Co 6:2;
Heb 2:3;
Heb 3:13,
Heb 3:15).
call--casting yourselves wholly on His mercy (
Rm 10:13). Stronger than "seek"; so "near" is more positive than "while He may be found" (
Rm 10:8-
Rm 10:9).
near--propitious (
Ps 34:18;
Ps 145:18).
7 unrighteous--Hebrew, "man of iniquity"; true of all men. The "wicked" sins more openly in "his way"; the "unrighteous" refers to the more subtle workings of sin in the "thoughts." All are guilty in the latter respect, thought many fancy themselves safe, because not openly "wicked in ways" (
Ps 94:11). The parallelism is that of gradation. The progress of the penitent is to be from negative reformation, "forsaking his way," and a farther step, "his thoughts," to positive repentance, "returning to the Lord" (the only true repentance,
Zc 12:10), and making God his God, along with the other children of God (the crowning point; appropriation of God to ourselves: "to our God"). "Return" implies that man originally walked with God, but has apostatized. Isaiah saith, "our God," the God of the believing Israelites; those themselves redeemed desire others to come to their God (
Ps 34:8;
Ap 22:17).
abundantly pardon--Literally, "multiply to pardon," still more than "have mercy"; God's graciousness is felt more and more the longer one knows Him (
Ps 130:7).
8 For--referring to
Es 55:7. You need not doubt His willingness "abundantly to pardon" (compare
Es 55:12); for, though "the wicked" man's "ways," and "the unrighteous man's thoughts," are so aggravated as to seem unpardonable, God's "thoughts" and "ways" in pardoning are not regulated by the proportion of the former, as man's would be towards his fellow man who offended him; compare the "for" (
Ps 25:11;
Rm 5:19).
9 (
Ps 57:10;
Ps 89:2;
Ps 103:11). "For" is repeated from
Es 55:8. But MAURER, after the negation, translates, "but."
10 The hearts of men, once barren of spirituality, shall be made, by the outpouring of the Spirit under Messiah, to bear fruits of righteousness (
Es 5:6;
Dt 32:2;
2Sm 23:4;
Ps 72:6).
snow--which covers plants from frost in winter; and, when melted in spring, waters the earth.
returneth not--void; as in
Es 55:11; it returns not in the same shape, or without "accomplishing" the desired end.
bud--germinate.
11 (
Mt 24:35). Rain may to us seem lost when it falls on a desert, but it fulfils some purpose of God. So the gospel word falling on the hard heart; it sometimes works a change at last; and even if so, it leaves men without excuse. The full accomplishment of this verse, and
Es 55:12-
Es 55:13, is, however, to be at the Jews' final restoration and conversion of the world (
Es 11:9-
Es 11:12;
Es 60:1-
Es 60:5,
Es 60:21).
12 go out--from the various countries in which ye (the Jews) are scattered, to your own land (
Ez 11:17).
led--by Messiah, your "Leader" (
Es 55:4;
Es 52:12;
Mic 2:12-
Mic 2:13).
mountains . . . trees, &c.--images justly used to express the seeming sympathy of nature with the joy of God's people. For, when sin is removed, the natural world shall be delivered from "vanity," and be renewed, so as to be in unison with the regenerated moral world (
Es 44:23;
Ps 98:8;
Rm 8:19-
Rm 8:22).
13 thorn--emblem of the wicked (
2Sm 23:6;
Mic 7:4).
fir tree--the godly (
Es 60:13;
Ps 92:12). Compare as to the change wrought,
Rm 6:19.
brier--emblem of uncultivation (
Es 5:6).
myrtle--Hebrew, Hedes, from which comes Hedassah, the original name of Esther. Type of the Christian Church; for it is a lowly, though beautiful, fragrant, and evergreen shrub (
Ps 92:13-
Ps 92:14).
for a name . . . everlasting sign--a perpetual memorial to the glory of Jehovah (
Jr 13:11;
Jr 33:9).