1David spočítal lid, který byl s ním, a ustanovil nad nimi velitele nad tisíci a velitele nad sty. 2David rozdělil lid takto: Třetinu pod velení Jóaba, třetinu pod velení Abíšaje, syna Serújina, bratra Jóabova, a třetinu pod velení Itaje Gatského. Král řekl lidu: Také já s vámi vytáhnu. 3Lid řekl: Netáhni. Kdybychom museli utíkat, nebudou si nás všímat. I kdyby nás polovina zemřela, nebudou si nás všímat. Neboť ty jsi za deset tisíc z nás. Bude nyní lepší, když nám budeš na pomoc jako záloha z města. 4Král jim řekl: Učiním, co vám připadá nejlepší. Král se postavil u brány a všechen lid vycházel po stech a po tisících. 5Král přikázal Jóabovi, Abíšajovi a Itajovi: Zacházejte kvůli mně s mládencem Abšalómem mírně. Všechen lid slyšel, co král přikázal všem velitelům ohledně Abšalóma. 6Lid vytáhl do pole proti Izraeli. V Efrajimském lese pak došlo k boji. 7Izraelský lid tam byl od Davidových otroků poražen. V onen den tam došlo k velké porážce, padlo jich dvacet tisíc. 8Boj se tam rozšířil po celém povrchu země a les onoho dne pohltil více lidu než požral meč. 9Abšalóm se potkal s Davidovými otroky. Abšalóm jel na mezku. Když vjel mezek pod spleť větví velkého terebintu, jeho hlava se zachytila v terebintu a on se ocitl mezi nebem a zemí. Mezek, který byl pod ním, jel dál. 10Uviděl to nějaký muž a oznámil to Jóabovi: Viděl jsem Abšalóma viset na terebintu. 11Jóab se zeptal muže, který mu to oznámil: Když jsi ho viděl, tak proč jsi ho tam nesrazil k zemi? Dal bych ti deset šekelů stříbra a jeden pás. 12Ten muž však Jóabovi odpověděl: I kdyby mi bylo odváženo na ruku tisíc šekelů stříbra, nevztáhl bych ruku na královského syna. Vždyť jsme slyšeli, jak král přikázal tobě, Abíšajovi a Itajovi: Zachovejte kvůli mně mládence Abšalóma. 13Kdybych ho podvedl, nic se před králem neskryje a ty bys stál stranou. 14Jóab řekl: Nebudu na tebe čekat. Vzal do ruky tři hole a vrazil je Abšalómovi do srdce, neboť byl uprostřed terebintu ještě živ. 15Deset služebníků, Jóabových zbrojnošů, ho obklopilo a bili Abšalóma, až ho usmrtili. 16Jóab zatroubil na beraní roh a lid přestal Izraelce pronásledovat, protože Jóab lid zadržel. 17Vzali Abšalóma, hodili ho v lese do velké jámy a postavili na něj velmi velkou hromadu kamení. Všichni Izraelci utekli, každý ke svému stanu. 18Abšalóm pro sebe za svého života vzal a postavil sloup, který je v Údolí králů. Řekl si totiž: Nemám syna, díky němuž by bylo připomínáno mé jméno, a nazval ten sloup svým jménem. Dodnes se nazývá Abšalómův pomník. 19Achímaas, syn Sádokův, řekl: Poběžím a přinesu králi dobrou zprávu, že Hospodin mu zjednal právo vůči jeho nepřátelům. 20Jóab mu nato řekl: Dnes nebudeš nositelem dobré zprávy. Dobrou zprávu přines v jiný den. Dnes ji nezvěstuj, protože zemřel králův syn. 21Jóab řekl Kúšijci: Jdi a oznam králi, co jsi viděl. Kúšijec se před Jóabem poklonil a běžel. 22Achímaas, syn Sádokův, však pokračoval dál a řekl Jóabovi: Ať se stane, co se stane, také já poběžím za Kúšijcem. Jóab se zeptal: Nač bys běžel, můj synu? Nemáš dobrou zprávu, abys něco získal. 23Ať se stane, co se stane, poběžím. Řekl mu: Tak běž! Achímaas běžel Jordánskou rovinou a předběhl Kúšijce. 24David seděl mezi dvěma branami. Strážný šel na střechu brány, na hradbu. Pozvedl oči a uviděl, že běží samotný muž. 25Strážný zavolal a oznámil to králi. Král řekl: Jestliže je sám, má dobrou zprávu. Postupoval a stále se blížil. 26Potom strážný uviděl, jak běží jiný muž. Strážný zavolal na vrátného: Podívej, běží samotný muž. Král řekl: I to je nositel dobré zprávy. 27Strážný řekl: Vidím, že první běžec běží jako Achímaas, syn Sádokův. Král řekl: To je dobrý muž, přichází s dobrou zprávou. 28Achímaas zvolal a řekl králi: Pokoj tobě. Poklonil se před králem tváří k zemi a řekl: Požehnaný je Hospodin, tvůj Bůh, jenž vydal ty, kteří pozvedli svou ruku proti mému pánu a králi. 29Král se zeptal: Jak se daří mládenci Abšalómovi? Achímaas odpověděl: Když Jóab posílal králova otroka a mě, tvého otroka, viděl jsem velký dav, ale nevím, co to bylo. 30Král řekl: Odstup a postav se sem. Odstoupil a zůstal stát. 31Vtom přišel Kúšijec a řekl: Ať můj pán a král přijme dobrou zprávu, že Hospodin ti dnes zjednal právo vůči všem, kteří proti tobě povstali. 32Král se Kúšijce zeptal: Jak se daří mládenci Abšalómovi? Kúšijec odpověděl: Ať nepřátelé mého pána a krále i všichni, kdo povstali proti tobě ke zlému, dopadnou jako ten mládenec.
Jamieson Fausset Brown Bible Commentary 1 DAVID REVIEWING THE ARMIES. (
2Sam 18:1-4)
David numbered the people that were with him--The hardy mountaineers of Gilead came in great numbers at the call of their chieftains, so that, although without money to pay any troops, David soon found himself at the head of a considerable army. A pitched battle was now inevitable. But so much depending on the life of the king, he was not allowed to take the field in person; and he therefore divided his forces into three detachments under Joab, Abishai, and Ittai, the commander of the foreign guards.
5 GIVES THEM CHARGE OF ABSALOM. (
2Sam 18:5-13)
Deal gently for my sake with the young man, even with Absalom--This affecting charge, which the king gave to his generals, proceeded not only from his overwhelming affection for his children, but from his consciousness that this rebellion was the chastisement of his own crimes, Absalom being merely an instrument in the hand of retributive Providence;--and also from his piety, lest the unhappy prince should die with his sins unrepented of.
6 wood of Ephraim--This wood, of course, was on the east of Jordan. Its name was derived, according to some, from the slaughter of the Ephraimites by Jephthah--according to others, from the connection of blood with the trans-jordanic Manasseh.
7 the people of Israel were slain--This designation, together with the immense slaughter mentioned later, shows the large extent to which the people were enlisted in this unhappy civil contest.
8 the wood devoured more people than the sword--The thick forest of oaks and terebinths, by obstructing the flight, greatly aided the victors in the pursuit.
9 Absalom met the servants of David--or was overtaken. "It is necessary to be continually on one's guard against the branches of trees; and when the hair is worn in large locks floating down the back, as was the case with a young man of the party to which I belonged, any thick boughs interposing in the path might easily dislodge a rider from his seat, and catch hold of his flowing hair" [HARTLEY]. Some, however, think that the sacred historian points not so much to the hair, as to the head of Absalom, which, being caught while running between two branches, was enclosed so firmly that he could not disengage himself from the hold, nor make use of his hands.
the mule that was under him went away--The Orientals, not having saddles as we do, do not sit so firmly on the beasts they ride. Absalom quitting his hold of the bridle, apparently to release himself when caught in the oak, the mule escaped.
11 Joab said unto the man that told him, . . . I would have given thee ten shekels of silver, and a girdle--that is, would have raised him from the ranks to the status of a commissioned officer. Besides a sum of money, a girdle, curiously and richly wrought, was among the ancient Hebrews a mark of honor, and sometimes bestowed as a reward of military merit. This soldier, however, who may be taken as a fair sample of David's faithful subjects, had so great a respect for the king's wishes, that no prospect of reward would have tempted him to lay violent hands on Absalom. But Joab's stern sense of public duty, which satisfied him that there could be neither safety to the king, nor peace to the kingdom, nor security to him and other loyal subjects, so long as that turbulent prince lived, overcame his sensibilities, and looking upon the charge given to the generals as more befitting a parent than a prince, he ventured to disobey it.
14 HE IS SLAIN BY JOAB. (2Sa. 18:14-32)
he took three darts . . . and thrust them through the heart of Absalom--The deed, partially done by Joab, was completed by his bodyguard. Being a violation of the expressed wish, as well as of all the fond paternal feelings of David, it must have been deeply offensive to the king, nor was it ever forgotten (
1Kgs 2:5); and yet there is the strongest reason for believing that Joab, in doing it, was actuated by a sincere regard to the interests of David, both as a man and a monarch.
16 Joab blew the trumpet, . . . and held back the people--Knowing that by the death of the usurper there was no occasion for further bloodshed, he put an end to the pursuit and thereby evinced the temperate policy of his conduct. However harsh and unfeeling to the king Joab may appear, there can be no doubt that he acted the part of a wise statesman in regarding the peace and welfare of the kingdom more than his master's private inclinations, which were opposed to strict justice as well as his own interests. Absalom deserved to die by the divine law (
Deut 21:18,
Deut 21:21), as well as being an enemy to his king and country; and no time was more fitting than when he met that death in open battle.
17 they took Absalom, and cast him into a great pit . . . and laid a very great heap of stones upon him--The people of the East indicate their detestation of the memory of an infamous person by throwing stones at the place where he is buried. The heap is increased by the gradual accumulation of stones which passers-by add to it.
18 Absalom in his lifetime had reared up for himself a pillar--literally, "hand." In the valley of Jehoshaphat, on the east of Jerusalem, is a tomb or cenotaph, said to be this "pillar" or monument: it is twenty-four feet square, dome-topped, and reaches forty feet in height. This may occupy the spot, but cannot itself be the work of Absalom, as it evidently bears the style of a later architecture.
19 Then said Ahimaaz . . . Let me . . . run and bear the king tidings--The reasons why Joab declined to accept Ahimaaz' offer to bear intelligence of the victory to David, and afterwards let him go along with another, are variously stated by commentators--but they are of no importance. Yet the alacrity of the messengers, as well as the eager excitement of the expectants, is graphically described.
23 by the way of the plain--or ciccar, "circle." This word is only used elsewhere in connection with the valley of the Jordan. It is possible that there may have been a place or region so called on the tablelands of Gilead, as the Septuagint seems to indicate. Or Mahanaim may have been so situated, with the regard to the battlefield, as to be more easily accessible by a descent to the plain of the Jordan, than over the hills themselves. Or the word may signify (as EWALD explains) a manner of quick running [STANLEY].
24 David sat between the two gates--that is, in the tower-house on the wall that overhung the gate of Mahanaim. Near it was a watchtower, on which a sentinel was posted, as in times of war, to notify every occurrence. The delicacy of Ahimaaz' communication was made up by the unmistakable plainness of Cushi's. The death of Absalom was a heavy trial, and it is impossible not to sympathize with the outburst of feeling by which David showed that all thoughts of the victory he had won as a king were completely sunk in the painful loss he had sustained as a father. The extraordinary ardor and strength of his affection for this worthless son break out in the redundancy and vehemence of his mournful ejaculations.
