1Entonces Ana oró y dijo: "Mi corazón se regocija en Jehovah; mi poder se enaltece en Jehovah. Mi boca se ensancha contra mis enemigos, porque me he alegrado en tu salvación. 2"No hay santo como Jehovah, porque no hay ninguno aparte de ti; no hay roca como nuestro Dios. 3No multipliquéis palabras altaneras; cesen en vuestra boca las palabras insolentes. Porque Jehovah es un Dios de todo saber; por él son examinadas las acciones. 4"Los arcos de los fuertes son quebrados, pero los que tropiezan se ciñen de poder. 5Los que estaban saciados se alquilan por comida, pero los que estaban hambrientos dejan de estarlo. Aun la que era estéril da a luz siete hijos, pero la que tenía muchos hijos languidece. 6"Jehovah hace morir y hace vivir. El hace descender al Seol y hace subir. 7Jehovah hace empobrecer y hace enriquecer. El humilla y enaltece. 8El levanta del polvo al pobre, y al necesitado enaltece desde la basura, para hacerle sentar con los nobles y hacerle poseer un trono de honor. Porque de Jehovah son las columnas de la tierra, y sobre ellas asentó el mundo. 9"El guarda los pies de sus fieles, pero los impíos perecen en las tinieblas; porque nadie triunfará por su propia fuerza. 10Jehovah quebrantará a sus adversarios; contra ellos tronará desde los cielos. Jehovah juzgará los confines de la tierra. El dará fortaleza a su rey y enaltecerá el poder de su ungido." 11Después, Elcana regresó a su casa en Ramá, pero el niño servía a Jehovah delante del sacerdote Elí. 12Los hijos de Elí eran hombres impíos, que no tenían conocimiento de Jehovah. 13Los sacerdotes acostumbraban a proceder con el pueblo de esta manera: Cuando alguno ofrecía un sacrificio, y mientras era cocida la carne, el criado del sacerdote iba con un tenedor de tres dientes en su mano, 14y lo metía en el perol, en el caldero, en la olla o en la marmita. Y todo lo que sacaba el tenedor, el sacerdote lo tomaba para sí. Esto hacían con todo israelita que iba allí a Silo. 15Asimismo, el criado del sacerdote iba, aun antes que quemaran el sebo, y decía al que sacrificaba: "Da al sacerdote carne para asar, porque no tomará de ti carne cocida, sino cruda." 16Si el hombre le respondía: "Deja que primero hagan arder el sebo, y después toma todo lo que te apetezca," él decía: "No, dámela ahora mismo; de lo contrario, la tomaré por la fuerza." 17El pecado de los jóvenes era muy grande delante de Jehovah, porque los hombres trataban con irreverencia las ofrendas de Jehovah. 18El niño Samuel servía delante de Jehovah, vestido con un efod de lino. 19Su madre le hacía año tras año una túnica pequeña, y se la llevaba cuando iba con su marido para ofrecer el sacrificio anual. 20Entonces Elí bendecía a Elcana y a su mujer diciendo: "Jehovah te dé hijos de esta mujer, en lugar de este que ella pidió a Jehovah." Y regresaban a su casa. 21Jehovah visitó a Ana con su favor, y ella concibió y dio a luz tres hijos y dos hijas. Y el niño Samuel crecía delante de Jehovah. 22Elí ya era muy anciano y oía todo lo que hacían sus hijos a todo Israel, y cómo se acostaban con las mujeres que servían a la entrada del tabernáculo de reunión. 23El les preguntó: —¿Por qué hacéis semejantes cosas? Yo oigo de todo este pueblo acerca de vuestras malas acciones. 24No, hijos míos, no es bueno el rumor que oigo y que el pueblo de Jehovah difunde. 25Si un hombre peca contra otro hombre, Dios intercederá por él; pero si alguno peca contra Jehovah, ¿quién intercederá por él? Sin embargo, ellos no escucharon la voz de su padre, porque Jehovah quería hacerlos morir. 26Y el niño Samuel crecía en estatura y en gracia para con Dios y los hombres. 27Entonces un hombre de Dios vino a Elí y le dijo: "Así dice Jehovah: ‘Yo me manifesté claramente a la casa de tu padre, cuando estaban en Egipto al servicio de la casa del faraón. 28Yo le escogí como sacerdote mío entre todas las tribus de Israel, para que subiera a mi altar, quemara el incienso y llevara el efod en mi presencia. Yo he dado a la casa de tu padre todas las ofrendas quemadas de los hijos de Israel. 29¿Por qué habéis desdeñado mis sacrificios y mis ofrendas que mandé ofrecer en mi morada? Has honrado a tus hijos más que a mí, y os habéis engordado con lo mejor de todas las ofrendas de mi pueblo Israel.’ 30"Por tanto, dice Jehovah Dios de Israel: ‘En verdad, yo había dicho que tu casa y la casa de tu padre estarían delante de mí para siempre.’ Pero ahora, dice Jehovah: ¡De ninguna manera! Yo honraré a los que me honran, pero los que me desprecian serán tenidos en poco. 31He aquí vienen días cuando cortaré tu brazo y el brazo de la casa de tu padre, de modo que en tu casa no haya ancianos. 32Tú verás que tu morada padece necesidad, mientras yo colmo de bienes a Israel; y jamás habrá ancianos en tu casa. 33Pero no eliminaré completamente a los tuyos que sirven en mi altar, para consumir tus ojos y llenar tu alma de dolor. Todos los descendientes de tu casa morirán en la edad viril. 34Te servirá de señal esto que acontecerá a tus dos hijos, Ofni y Fineas: Ambos morirán en el mismo día. 35Pero yo levantaré para mí un sacerdote fiel que actúe conforme a mi corazón y a mi alma. Le edificaré una casa firme, y él andará en presencia de mi ungido todos los días. 36Y sucederá que el que quede de tu casa irá a postrarse delante de él por un poco de dinero y por un bocado de pan, diciéndole: ‘Por favor, asóciame con alguno de los servicios sacerdotales, a fin de que yo tenga un poco de pan para comer.’"
Jamieson Fausset Brown Bible Commentary 1 HANNAH'S SONG IN THANKFULNESS TO GOD. (
1Sam 2:1-11)
Hannah prayed, and said--Praise and prayer are inseparably conjoined in Scripture (
Col 4:2;
1Tim 2:1). This beautiful song was her tribute of thanks for the divine goodness in answering her petition.
mine horn is exalted in the Lord--Allusion is here made to a peculiarity in the dress of Eastern women about Lebanon, which seems to have obtained anciently among the Israelite women, that of wearing a tin or silver horn on the forehead, on which their veil is suspended. Wives, who have no children, wear it projecting in an oblique direction, while those who become mothers forthwith raise it a few inches higher, inclining towards the perpendicular, and by this slight but observable change in their headdress, make known, wherever they go, the maternal character which they now bear.
5 they that were hungry ceased--that is, to hunger.
the barren hath born seven--that is, many children.
6 he bringeth down to the grave, and bringeth up--that is, He reduces to the lowest state of degradation and misery, and restores to prosperity and happiness.
8 He raiseth up the poor out of the dust, and lifteth up the beggar from the dunghill--The dunghill, a pile of horse, cow, or camel offal, heaped up to dry in the sun, and used as fuel, was, and is, one of the common haunts of the poorest mendicants; and the change that had been made in the social position of Hannah, appeared to her grateful heart as auspicious and as great as the elevation of a poor despised beggar to the highest and most dignified rank.
inherit the throne of glory--that is, possesses seats of honor.
10 the Lord shall judge the ends of the earth . . . exalt the horn of his anointed--This is the first place in Scripture where the word "anointed," or Messiah, occurs; and as there was no king in Israel at the time, it seems the best interpretation to refer it to Christ. There is, indeed, a remarkable resemblance between the song of Hannah and that of Mary (
Luke 1:46).
11 the child did minister unto the Lord before Eli the priest--He must have been engaged in some occupation suited to his tender age, as in playing upon the cymbals, or other instruments of music; in lighting the lamps, or similar easy and interesting services.
12 THE SIN OF ELl'S SONS. (
1Sam 2:12-17)
Now the sons of Eli were sons of Belial--not only careless and irreligious, but men loose in their actions, and vicious and scandalous in their habits. Though professionally engaged in sacred duties, they were not only strangers to the power of religion in the heart, but they had thrown off its restraints, and even ran, as is sometimes done in similar cases by the sons of eminent ministers, to the opposite extreme of reckless and open profligacy.
13 the priests' custom with the people--When persons wished to present a sacrifice of peace offering on the altar, the offering was brought in the first instance to the priest, and as the Lord's part was burnt, the parts appropriated respectively to the priests and offerers were to be sodden. But Eli's sons, unsatisfied with the breast and shoulder, which were the perquisites appointed to them by the divine law (
Exod 29:27;
Lev 7:31-
Lev 7:32), not only claimed part of the offerer's share, but rapaciously seized them previous to the sacred ceremony of heaving or waving (see on
Lev 7:29); and moreover they committed the additional injustice of taking up with their fork those portions which they preferred, while still raw. Pious people revolted at such rapacious and profane encroachments on the dues of the altar, as well as what should have gone to constitute the family and social feast of the offerer. The truth is, the priests having become haughty and unwilling in many instances to accept invitations to those feasts, presents of meat were sent to them; and this, though done in courtesy at first, being, in course of time, established into a right, gave rise to all the rapacious keenness of Eli's sons.
18 SAMUEL'S MINISTRY. (
1Sam 2:18-26)
But Samuel ministered before the Lord, being a child--This notice of his early services in the outer courts of the tabernacle was made to pave the way for the remarkable prophecy regarding the high priest's family.
girded with a linen ephod--A small shoulder-garment or apron, used in the sacred service by the inferior priests and Levites; sometimes also by judges or eminent persons, and hence allowed to Samuel, who, though not a Levite, was devoted to God from his birth.
19 his mother made him a little coat, and brought it to him from year to year--Aware that he could not yet render any useful service to the tabernacle, she undertook the expense of supplying him with wearing apparel. All weaving stuffs, manufacture of cloth, and making of suits were anciently the employment of women.
20 Eli blessed Elkanah and his wife--This blessing, like that which he had formerly pronounced, had a prophetic virtue; which, before long, appeared in the increase of Hannah's family (
1Sam 2:21), and the growing qualifications of Samuel for the service of the sanctuary.
22 the women that assembled at the door of the tabernacle--This was an institution of holy women of a strictly ascetic order, who had relinquished worldly cares and devoted themselves to the Lord; an institution which continued down to the time of Christ (
Luke 2:37). Eli was, on the whole, a good man, but lacking in the moral and religious training of his family. He erred on the side of parental indulgence; and though he reprimanded them (see on
Deut 21:18), yet, from fear or indolence, he shrank from laying on them the restraints, or subjecting them to the discipline, their gross delinquencies called for. In his judicial capacity, he winked at their flagrant acts of maladministration and suffered them to make reckless encroachments on the constitution, by which the most serious injuries were inflicted both on the rights of the people and the laws of God.
25 they hearkened not unto the voice of their father, because--it should be therefore.
the Lord would slay them--It was not God's preordination, but their own wilful and impenitent disobedience which was the cause of their destruction.
27 A PROPHECY AGAINST ELI'S HOUSE. (
1Sam 2:27-35)
there came a man of God unto Eli, and said . . . that there shall not be an old man in thine house--So much importance has always, in the East, been attached to old age, that it would be felt to be a great calamity, and sensibly to lower the respectability of any family which could boast of few or no old men. The prediction of this prophet was fully confirmed by the afflictions, degradation, poverty, and many untimely deaths with which the house of Eli was visited after its announcement (see
1Sam 4:11;
1Sam 14:3;
1Sam 22:18-23;
1Kgs 2:27).
31 I will cut off thine arm, and the arm of thy father's house--By the withdrawal of the high priesthood from Eleazar, the elder of Aaron's two sons (after Nadab and Abihu were destroyed, [
Num 3:4]), that dignity had been conferred on the family of Ithamar, to which Eli belonged, and now that his descendants had forfeited the honor, it was to be taken from them and restored to the elder branch.
32 thou shalt see an enemy in my habitation--A successful rival for the office of high priest shall rise out of another family (
2Sam 15:35;
1Chr 24:3;
1Chr 29:22). But the marginal reading, "thou shalt see the affliction of the tabernacle," seems to be a preferable translation.