1El arca de Jehovah estuvo en la tierra de los filisteos siete meses. 2Entonces los filisteos llamaron a los sacerdotes y adivinos, y les preguntaron: —¿Qué haremos con el arca de Jehovah? Dadnos a conocer cómo la hemos de enviar a su lugar. 3Ellos respondieron: —Si enviáis el arca del Dios de Israel, no la enviéis sola; sino más bien, enviadle una ofrenda por la culpa. Entonces seréis sanados y entenderéis por qué su mano no se apartó de vosotros. 4Ellos preguntaron: —¿Cuál será la ofrenda por la culpa que le hemos de enviar? Ellos respondieron: —Daréis cinco tumores de oro y cinco ratones de oro, conforme al número de los gobernantes de los filisteos, porque la misma plaga os ha afligido a todos vosotros y a vuestros gobernantes. 5Haced, pues, figuras de vuestros tumores y de los ratones que destruyen la tierra, y dad gloria al Dios de Israel; quizás aligere el peso de su mano sobre vosotros, sobre vuestros dioses y sobre vuestra tierra. 6¿Por qué endureceréis vuestro corazón, como los egipcios y el faraón endurecieron su corazón? Después que él se había mofado de ellos, ¿no los dejaron ir, y se fueron? 7Haced, pues, una carreta nueva; luego tomad dos vacas que estén criando, sobre las cuales no haya sido puesto yugo; uncid las vacas a la carreta y haced volver sus terneros, de detrás de ellas, al corral. 8Tomad luego el arca de Jehovah y ponedla sobre la carreta. Poned junto a ella, en una caja, los objetos de oro que le habéis de dar como ofrenda por la culpa, y dejadla ir. 9Entonces mirad: Si sube a Bet-semes por el camino hacia su territorio, entonces es Jehovah quien nos ha hecho este mal tan grande. Si no, nos convenceremos de que no fue su mano la que nos hirió, sino que nos ha sucedido por casualidad. 10Y los hombres lo hicieron así. Tomaron dos vacas que estaban criando, las uncieron a la carreta y encerraron sus terneros en el corral. 11Luego pusieron sobre la carreta el arca de Jehovah y la caja con los ratones de oro y las figuras de sus tumores. 12Entonces las vacas se fueron de frente por el camino de Bet-semes. Iban por el camino, mugiendo mientras iban, sin apartarse ni a la derecha ni a la izquierda. Y los gobernantes de los filisteos fueron tras ellas hasta la frontera de Bet-semes. 13Los habitantes de Bet-semes estaban segando el trigo en el valle, y alzando sus ojos divisaron el arca y se alegraron al verla. 14La carreta llegó al campo de Josué, de Bet-semes, y se detuvo allí, porque había una gran piedra. Entonces ellos partieron la madera de la carreta y ofrecieron las vacas en holocausto a Jehovah. 15Los levitas bajaron el arca de Jehovah y la caja que estaba junto a ella, en la cual estaban los objetos de oro, y las pusieron sobre aquella gran piedra. Aquel día los hombres de Bet-semes hicieron holocaustos y ofrecieron sacrificios a Jehovah. 16Cuando los cinco gobernantes de los filisteos vieron esto, regresaron a Ecrón el mismo día. 17Los tumores de oro que los filisteos dieron a Jehovah como ofrenda por la culpa fueron: uno por Asdod, uno por Gaza, uno por Ascalón, uno por Gat y uno por Ecrón. 18También los ratones de oro fueron según el número de todas las ciudades filisteas de los cinco gobernantes, tanto las ciudades fortificadas como sus aldeas sin muros. La gran piedra, sobre la cual colocaron el arca de Jehovah, está en el campo de Josué, de Bet-semes, hasta el día de hoy. 19Entonces Dios hirió a algunos de los hombres de Bet-semes, porque habían mirado dentro del arca de Jehovah. Hirió a setenta personas del pueblo. Y el pueblo hizo duelo, porque Jehovah los había herido con una plaga tan grande. 20Los hombres de Bet-semes dijeron: —¿Quién podrá estar delante de Jehovah, este Dios santo? ¿Y a quién irá desde nosotros? 21Entonces enviaron mensajeros a los habitantes de Quiriat-jearim, y dijeron: —Los filisteos han devuelto el arca de Jehovah. Descended y subidla a vuestro lugar.
Jamieson Fausset Brown Bible Commentary 1 THE PHILISTINES COUNSEL HOW TO SEND BACK THE ARK. (
1Sam 6:1-9)
the ark . . . was in the country of the Philistines seven months--Notwithstanding the calamities which its presence had brought on the country and the people, the Philistine lords were unwilling to relinquish such a prize, and tried every means to retain it with peace and safety, but in vain.
2 the Philistines called for the priests and the diviners--The designed restoration of the ark was not, it seems, universally approved of, and many doubts were expressed whether the prevailing pestilence was really a judgment of Heaven. The priests and diviners united all parties by recommending a course which would enable them easily to discriminate the true character of the calamities, and at the same time to propitiate the incensed Deity for any acts of disrespect which might have been shown to His ark.
4 Five golden emerods--Votive or thank offerings were commonly made by the heathen in prayer for, or gratitude after, deliverance from lingering or dangerous disorders, in the form of metallic (generally silver) models or images of the diseased parts of the body. This is common still in Roman Catholic countries, as well as in the temples of the Hindus and other modern heathen.
five golden mice--This animal is supposed by some to be the jerboa or jumping mouse of Syria and Egypt [BOCHART]; by others, to be the short-tailed field mouse, which often swarms in prodigious numbers and commits great ravages in the cultivated fields of Palestine.
5 give glory unto the God of Israel--By these propitiatory presents, the Philistines would acknowledge His power and make reparation for the injury done to His ark.
lighten his hand . . . from off your gods--Elohim for god.
6 Wherefore then do ye harden your hearts, as the Egyptians and Pharaoh hardened their hearts?--The memory of the appalling judgments that had been inflicted on Egypt was not yet obliterated. Whether preserved in written records, or in floating tradition, they were still fresh in the minds of men, and being extensively spread, were doubtless the means of diffusing the knowledge and fear of the true God.
7 make a new cart--Their object in making a new one for the purpose seems to have been not only for cleanliness and neatness, but from an impression that there would have been an impropriety in using one that had been applied to meaner or more common services. It appears to have been a covered wagon (see on
2Sam 6:3).
two milch kine--Such untrained heifers, wanton and vagrant, would pursue no certain and regular path, like those accustomed to the yoke, and therefore were most unlikely of their own spontaneous motion to prosecute the direct road to the land of Israel.
bring their calves home from them--The strong natural affection of the dams might be supposed to stimulate their return homewards, rather than direct their steps in a foreign country.
8 take the ark of the Lord, and lay it upon the cart--This mode of carrying the sacred symbol was forbidden; but the ignorance of the Philistines made the indignity excusable (see on
2Sam 6:6).
put the jewels . . . in a coffer by the side thereof--The way of securing treasure in the East is still in a chest, chained to the house wall or some solid part of the furniture.
9 Beth-shemesh--that is, "house of the sun," now Ain Shems [ROBINSON], a city of priests in Judah, in the southeast border of Dan, lying in a beautiful and extensive valley. JOSEPHUS says they were set a-going near a place where the road divided into two--the one leading back to Ekron, where were their calves, and the other to Beth-shemesh. Their frequent lowings attested their ardent longing for their young, and at the same time the supernatural influence that controlled their movements in a contrary direction.
12 the lords of the Philistines went after them--to give their tribute of homage, to prevent imposture, and to obtain the most reliable evidence of the truth. The result of this journey tended to their own deeper humiliation, and the greater illustration of God's glory.
14 and they clave--that is, the Beth-shemites, in an irrepressible outburst of joy.
offered the kine--Though contrary to the requirements of the law (
Lev 1:3;
Lev 22:19), these animals might properly be offered, as consecrated by God Himself; and though not beside the tabernacle, there were many instances of sacrifices offered by prophets and holy men on extraordinary occasions in other places.
17 And these are the golden emerods . . . and the mice--There were five representative images of the emerods, corresponding to the five principal cities of the Philistines. But the number of the golden mice must have been greater, for they were sent from the walled towns as well as the country villages.
18 unto the great stone of Abel--Abel, or Aben, means "stone," so that without resorting to italics, the reading should be, "the great stone."
19 he smote the men of Beth-shemesh, because they had looked into the ark--In the ecstasy of delight at seeing the return of the ark, the Beth-shemesh reapers pried into it beneath the wagon cover; and instead of covering it up again, as a sacred utensil, they let it remain exposed to common inspection, wishing it to be seen, in order that all might enjoy the triumph of seeing the votive offerings presented to it, and gratify curiosity with the sight of the sacred shrine. This was the offense of those Israelites (Levites, as well as common people), who had treated the ark with less reverence than the Philistines themselves.
he smote of the people fifty thousand and threescore and ten men--Beth-shemesh being only a village, this translation must be erroneous, and should be, "he smote fifty out of a thousand," being only fourteen hundred in all who indulged this curiosity. God, instead of decimating, according to an ancient usage, slew only a twentieth part; that is, according to JOSEPHUS, seventy out of fourteen hundred (see
Num 4:18-
Num 4:22).
21 Kirjath-jearim--"the city of woods," also called Kirjath-baal (
Josh 15:60;
Josh 18:14;
1Chr 13:6-7). This was the nearest town to Beth-shemesh; and being a place of strength, it was a more fitting place for the residence of the ark. Beth-shemesh being in a low plain, and Kirjath-jearim on a hill, explains the message, "Come ye down, and fetch it up to you."