1Éstos son los estatutos y derechos que cuidaréis de poner por obra, en la tierra que Jehová el Dios de tus padres te ha dado para que la poseas, todos los días que vosotros viviereis sobre la tierra. 2Destruiréis enteramente todos los lugares donde las naciones que vosotros heredareis sirvieron a sus dioses, sobre los montes altos, y sobre los collados, y debajo de todo árbol espeso: 3Y derribaréis sus altares, y quebraréis sus estatuas, y sus imágenes de Asera consumiréis con fuego; y destruiréis las esculturas de sus dioses, y extirparéis el nombre de ellas de aquel lugar. 4No haréis así a Jehová vuestro Dios. 5Mas el lugar que Jehová vuestro Dios escogiere de todas vuestras tribus, para poner allí su nombre para su habitación, ése buscaréis, y allá iréis: 6Y allí llevaréis vuestros holocaustos, y vuestros sacrificios, y vuestros diezmos, y la ofrenda elevada de vuestras manos, y vuestros votos, y vuestras ofrendas voluntarias, y los primogénitos de vuestras vacas y de vuestras ovejas: 7Y comeréis allí delante de Jehová vuestro Dios, y os alegraréis, vosotros y vuestras familias, en toda obra de vuestras manos en que Jehová tu Dios te hubiere bendecido. 8No haréis como todo lo que hacemos nosotros aquí ahora, cada uno hace lo que parece bien a sus propios ojos; 9porque aún hasta ahora no habéis entrado al reposo y a la heredad que os da Jehová vuestro Dios. 10Mas pasaréis el Jordán, y habitaréis en la tierra que Jehová vuestro Dios os hace heredar, y Él os dará reposo de todos vuestros enemigos alrededor, y habitaréis seguros. 11Y al lugar que Jehová vuestro Dios escogiere para hacer habitar en él su nombre, allí llevaréis todas las cosas que yo os mando; vuestros holocaustos, y vuestros sacrificios, vuestros diezmos, y las ofrendas elevadas de vuestras manos, y todo lo escogido de vuestros votos que hubiereis prometido a Jehová; 12y os alegraréis delante de Jehová vuestro Dios, vosotros, y vuestros hijos, y vuestras hijas, y vuestros siervos, y vuestras siervas, y el levita que estuviere en vuestras poblaciones: por cuanto no tiene parte ni heredad con vosotros. 13Guárdate, que no ofrezcas tus holocaustos en cualquier lugar que vieres; 14sino en el lugar que Jehová escogiere, en una de tus tribus, allí ofrecerás tus holocaustos, y allí harás todo lo que yo te mando. 15Con todo, podrás matar y comer carne en todas tus poblaciones conforme al deseo de tu alma, según la bendición de Jehová tu Dios que Él te habrá dado; el inmundo y el limpio la comerá, como la de corzo o de ciervo. 16Salvo que sangre no comeréis; sobre la tierra la derramaréis como agua. 17Ni podrás comer en tus poblaciones el diezmo de tu grano, o de tu vino, o de tu aceite, ni de los primogénitos de tus vacas, ni de tus ovejas, ni tus votos que prometieres, ni tus ofrendas voluntarias, ni las ofrendas elevadas de tus manos: 18Mas delante de Jehová tu Dios las comerás, en el lugar que Jehová tu Dios hubiere escogido, tú, y tu hijo, y tu hija, y tu siervo, y tu sierva, y el levita que está en tus poblaciones; y te alegrarás delante de Jehová tu Dios en toda obra de tus manos. 19Ten cuidado de no desamparar al levita en todos tus días sobre tu tierra. 20Cuando Jehová tu Dios ensanchare tu término, como Él te ha dicho, y tú dijeres: Comeré carne, porque deseó tu alma comerla, conforme a todo el deseo de tu alma comerás carne. 21Cuando estuviere lejos de ti el lugar que Jehová tu Dios habrá escogido, para poner allí su nombre, matarás de tus vacas y de tus ovejas, que Jehová te hubiere dado, como te he mandado yo, y comerás en tus puertas según todo lo que deseare tu alma. 22Lo mismo que se come el corzo y el ciervo, así las comerás: el inmundo y el limpio comerán también de ellas. 23Sólo asegúrate de no comer sangre; porque la sangre es la vida; y no has de comer la vida juntamente con su carne. 24No la comerás; en tierra la derramarás como agua. 25No comerás de ella; para que te vaya bien a ti, y a tus hijos después de ti, cuando hicieres lo recto en ojos de Jehová. 26Pero las cosas que tuvieres consagradas, y tus votos, las tomarás, y vendrás al lugar que Jehová hubiere escogido; 27y ofrecerás tus holocaustos, la carne y la sangre, sobre el altar de Jehová tu Dios: y la sangre de tus sacrificios será derramada sobre el altar de Jehová tu Dios, y comerás la carne. 28Guarda y escucha todas estas palabras que yo te mando, para que te vaya bien a ti y a tus hijos después de ti para siempre, cuando hicieres lo bueno y lo recto ante los ojos de Jehová tu Dios. 29Cuando Jehová tu Dios hubiere destruido delante de ti las naciones a donde tú vas para poseerlas, y las heredares, y habitares en su tierra, 30guárdate que no tropieces en pos de ellas, después que fueren destruidas delante de ti; no preguntes acerca de sus dioses, diciendo: ¿Cómo servían estas naciones a sus dioses? Así haré yo también. 31No harás así a Jehová tu Dios; porque todo lo que Jehová aborrece, hicieron ellos a sus dioses; pues aun a sus hijos e hijas quemaban en el fuego a sus dioses. 32Cuidaréis de hacer todo lo que yo os mando: no añadirás a ello, ni quitarás de ello.
Jamieson Fausset Brown Bible Commentary 1 MONUMENTS OF IDOLATRY TO BE DESTROYED. (
Deut 12:1-
Deut 12:15)
These are the statutes and judgments, which ye shall observe--Having in the preceding chapter inculcated upon the Israelites the general obligation to fear and love God, Moses here enters into a detail of some special duties they were to practise on their obtaining possession of the promised land.
2 Ye shall utterly destroy all the places, wherein the nations which ye shall possess served their gods--This divine command was founded on the tendencies of human nature; for to remove out of sight everything that had been associated with idolatry, that it might never be spoken of and no vestige of it remain, was the only effectual way to keep the Israelites from temptations to it. It is observable that Moses does not make any mention of temples, for such buildings were not in existence at that early period. The "places" chosen as the scene of heathen worship were situated either on the summit of a lofty mountain, or on some artificial mound, or in a grove, planted with particular trees, such as oaks, poplars, and elms (
Isa 57:5-
Isa 57:7;
Hos 4:13). The reason for the selection of such sites was both to secure retirement and to direct the attention upward to heaven; and the "place" was nothing else than a consecrated enclosure, or at most, a canopy or screen from the weather.
3 And ye shall overthrow their altars--piles of turf or small stones.
and break their pillars--Before the art of sculpture was known, the statues of idols were only rude blocks of colored stones.
5 unto the place which the Lord your God shall choose . . . to put his name there . . . thou shalt come--They were forbidden to worship either in the impure superstitious manner of the heathen, or in any of the places frequented by them. A particular place for the general rendezvous of all the tribes would be chosen by God Himself; and the choice of one common place for the solemn rites of religion was an act of divine wisdom, for the security of the true religion. It was admirably calculated to prevent the corruption which would otherwise have crept in from their frequenting groves and high hills--to preserve uniformity of worship and keep alive their faith in Him to whom all their sacrifices pointed. The place was successively Mizpeh, Shiloh, and especially Jerusalem. But in all the references made to it by Moses, the name is never mentioned. This studied silence was maintained partly lest the Canaanites within whose territories it lay might have concentrated their forces to frustrate all hopes of obtaining it; partly lest the desire of possessing a place of such importance might have become a cause of strife or rivalry amongst the Hebrew tribes, as about the appointment to the priesthood (Num. 16:1-30).
7 there ye shall eat before the Lord--of the things mentioned (
Deut 12:6); but of course, none of the parts assigned to the priests before the Lord--in the place where the sanctuary should be established, and in those parts of the Holy City which the people were at liberty to frequent and inhabit.
12 ye shall rejoice before the Lord your God, ye, and your sons, and your daughters, &c.--Hence it appears that, although males only were commanded to appear before God at the annual solemn feasts (
Exod 23:17), the women were allowed to accompany them (1Sa. 1:3-23).
15 Notwithstanding thou mayest kill and eat flesh in all thy gates--Every animal designed for food, whether ox, goat, or lamb, was during the abode in the wilderness ordered to be slain as a peace offering at the door of the tabernacle; its blood to be sprinkled, and its fat burnt upon the altar by the priest. The encampment, being then round about the altar, made this practice, appointed to prevent idolatry, easy and practicable. But on the settlement in the promised land, the obligation to slay at the tabernacle was dispensed with. The people were left at liberty to prepare their meat in their cities or homes.
according to the blessing of the Lord thy God which he hath given thee--The style of living should be accommodated to one's condition and means--profuse and riotous indulgence can never secure the divine blessing.
the unclean and the clean may eat thereof--The unclean here are those who were under some slight defilement, which, without excluding them from society, yet debarred them from eating any of the sacred meats (
Lev 7:20). They were at liberty freely to partake of common articles of food.
of the roebuck--the gazelle.
and as of the hart--The Syrian deer (Cervus barbatus) is a species between our red and fallow deer, distinguished by the want of a bis-antler, or second branch on the horns, reckoning from below, and for a spotted livery which is effaced only in the third or fourth year.
16 BLOOD PROHIBITED. (
Deut 12:16-
Deut 12:25)
ye shall not eat the blood; ye shall pour it upon the earth as water--The prohibition against eating or drinking blood as an unnatural custom accompanied the announcement of the divine grant of animal flesh for food (
Gen 9:4), and the prohibition was repeatedly renewed by Moses with reference to the great objects of the law (
Lev 17:12), the prevention of idolatry, and the consecration of the sacrificial blood to God. In regard, however, to the blood of animals slain for food, it might be shed without ceremony and poured on the ground as a common thing like water--only for the sake of decency, as well as for preventing all risk of idolatry, it was to be covered over with earth (
Lev 17:13), in opposition to the practice of heathen sportsmen, who left it exposed as an offering to the god of the chase.
22 Even as the roebuck and the hart is eaten, so shalt thou eat them, &c.--Game when procured in the wilderness had not been required to be brought to the door of the tabernacle. The people were now to be as free in the killing of domestic cattle as of wild animals. The permission to hunt and use venison for food was doubtless a great boon to the Israelites, not only in the wilderness, but on their settlement in Canaan, as the mountainous ranges of Lebanon, Carmel, and Gilead, on which deer abounded in vast numbers, would thus furnish them with a plentiful and luxuriant repast.
26 HOLY THINGS TO BE EATEN IN THE HOLY PLACE. (
Deut 12:26-
Deut 12:32)
Only thy holy things which thou hast--The tithes mentioned (
Deut 12:17) are not to be considered ordinary tithes, which belonged to the Levites, and of which private Israelites had a right to eat; but they are other extraordinary tithes or gifts, which the people carried to the sanctuary to be presented as peace offerings, and on which, after being offered and the allotted portion given to the priest, they feasted with their families and friends (
Lev 27:30).
29 Take heed to thyself that thou be not snared by following them . . . saying, How did these nations serve their gods?--The Israelites, influenced by superstitious fear, too often endeavored to propitiate the deities of Canaan. Their Egyptian education had early impressed that bugbear notion of a set of local deities, who expected their dues of all who came to inhabit the country which they honored with their protection, and severely resented the neglect of payment in all newcomers [WARBURTON]. Taking into consideration the prevalence of this idea among them, we see that against an Egyptian influence was directed the full force of the wholesome caution with which this chapter closes.
