1"Volvimos, pues, y subimos camino de Basán. Entonces Og, rey de Basán, nos salió al encuentro con todo su pueblo para pelear en Edrei.[1] 2"Pero me dijo Jehová: "No tengas temor de él, porque en tus manos lo he entregado junto con todo su pueblo y su tierra. Harás con él como hiciste con Sehón, el rey amorreo que habitaba en Hesbón". 3"Jehová, nuestro Dios, entregó también en nuestras manos a Og, rey de Basán, y a todo su pueblo, al cual derrotamos hasta acabar con todos. 4Tomamos entonces todas sus ciudades. No quedó ciudad que no les tomáramos: sesenta ciudades, toda la tierra de Argob,[2] del reino de Og en Basán. 5Todas estas eran ciudades fortificadas con muros altos, con puertas y barras, sin contar otras muchas ciudades sin muro. 6Y las destinamos al exterminio,[3] como hicimos a Sehón, rey de Hesbón, matando en cada ciudad a hombres, mujeres y niños. 7Pero nos quedamos con todo el ganado y los despojos de las ciudades. 8"También tomamos en aquel tiempo la tierra desde el arroyo Arnón hasta el monte Hermón[4] de manos de los dos reyes amorreos que estaban a este lado del Jordán 9(los sidonios llaman a Hermón, Sirión, y los amorreos, Senir): 10todas las ciudades de la llanura, todo Galaad y todo Basán, hasta Salca y Edrei, ciudades del reino de Og en Basán. 11Og, el rey de Basán, era el único que quedaba de los gigantes.[5] Su cama, una cama de hierro,[6] ¿no está en Rabá de los hijos de Amón? Nueve codos mide de largo y cuatro codos de ancho, según el codo de un hombre. 12"Esta tierra que heredamos en aquel tiempo, desde Aroer, que está junto al arroyo Arnón, hasta la mitad de los montes de Galaad con sus ciudades, la di a los rubenitas y a los gaditas.[7] 13El resto de Galaad y todo Basán, del reino de Og: toda la tierra de Argob, que se llamaba la tierra de los gigantes, la di a la media tribu de Manasés.[8] 14Jair hijo de Manasés tomó toda la tierra de Argob hasta el límite con Gesur y Maaca,[9] y le puso el nombre que aún conserva: Basán-havot-jair. 15Galaad se lo di a Maquir.[10] 16A los rubenitas y gaditas les di desde Galaad hasta el arroyo Arnón --con la mitad del valle como límite--, y hasta el arroyo Jaboc, el cual sirve de límite a los hijos de Amón; 17y también el Arabá, con el Jordán como límite desde Cineret[11] hasta el mar del Arabá, el Mar Salado, al pie de las laderas del Pisga, al oriente. 18"Entonces os dije: "Jehová, vuestro Dios, os ha dado esta tierra como heredad; pero iréis armados todos los valientes delante de vuestros hermanos, los hijos de Israel. 19Solamente vuestras mujeres, vuestros hijos y vuestros ganados (yo sé que tenéis mucho ganado), quedarán en las ciudades que os he dado, 20hasta que Jehová dé reposo a vuestros hermanos, así como a vosotros, y hereden ellos también la tierra que Jehová, vuestro Dios, les da al otro lado del Jordán. Entonces os volveréis cada uno a la heredad que yo os he dado".[12] 21"Ordené también a Josué en aquel tiempo: "Tus ojos vieron todo lo que Jehová, vuestro Dios, ha hecho a aquellos dos reyes;[13] así hará Jehová a todos los reinos por donde tú pasarás. 22No los temáis, porque Jehová, vuestro Dios, es el que pelea por vosotros". 23"En aquel tiempo oré a Jehová y le dije: 24"Señor Jehová, tú has comenzado a mostrar a tu siervo tu grandeza y tu mano poderosa; porque ¿qué dios hay en el cielo o en la tierra que haga obras y proezas como las tuyas? 25Pase yo, te ruego, y vea aquella tierra buena que está más allá del Jordán, aquel buen monte y el Líbano". 26Pero Jehová se había enojado contra mí a causa de vosotros,[14] por lo cual no me escuchó, sino que me dijo: "¡Basta!, no me hables más de este asunto. 27Sube a la cumbre del Pisga[15] y alza tus ojos hacia el oeste, el norte, el sur y el este, y mira con tus propios ojos, porque no pasarás el Jordán.[16] 28Instruye a Josué, anímalo y fortalécelo, porque él ha de pasar delante de este pueblo, y él les entregará la tierra que verás". 29"Y nos quedamos en el valle, enfrente de Bet-peor.[17]
Jamieson Fausset Brown Bible Commentary 1 CONQUEST OF OG, KING OF BASHAN. (Deu. 3:1-20)
we turned, and went up the way to Bashan--Bashan ("fruitful" or "flat"), now El-Bottein, lay situated to the north of Gilead and extended as far as Hermon. It was a rugged mountainous country, valuable however for its rich and luxuriant pastures.
Og the king of Bashan came out against us--Without provocation, he rushed to attack the Israelites, either disliking the presence of such dangerous neighbors, or burning to avenge the overthrow of his friends and allies.
2 The Lord said unto me, Fear him not: for I will deliver him, and all his people, and his land, into thy hand--Og's gigantic appearance and the formidable array of forces he will bring to the field, need not discourage you; for, belonging to a doomed race, he is destined to share the fate of Sihon [
Num 21:25].
3 Argob was the capital of a district in Bashan of the same name, which, together with other fifty-nine cities in the same province, were conspicuous for their lofty and fortified walls. It was a war of extermination. Houses and cities were razed to the ground; all classes of people were put to the sword; and nothing was saved but the cattle, of which an immense amount fell as spoil into the hands of the conquerors. Thus, the two Amorite kings and the entire population of their dominions were extirpated. The whole country east of the Jordan--first upland downs from the torrent of the Arnon on the south to that of the Jabbok on the north; next the high mountain tract of Gilead and Bashan from the deep ravine of Jabbok--became the possession of the Israelites.
9 Hermon--now Jebel-Es-Sheick--the majestic hill on which the long and elevated range of Anti-Lebanon terminates. Its summit and the ridges on its sides are almost constantly covered with snow. It is not so much one high mountain as a whole cluster of mountain peaks, the highest in Palestine. According to the survey taken by the English Government Engineers in 1840, they were about 9376 feet above the sea. Being a mountain chain, it is no wonder that it should have received different names at different points from the different tribes which lay along the base--all of them designating extraordinary height: Hermon, the lofty peak; "Sirion," or in an abbreviated form "Sion" (
Deut 4:48), the upraised, glittering; "Shenir," the glittering breastplate of ice.
11 only Og king of Bashan remained of the remnant of giants--literally, "of Rephaim." He was not the last giant, but the only living remnant in the trans-jordanic country (
Josh 15:14), of a certain gigantic race, supposed to be the most ancient inhabitants of Palestine.
behold, his bedstead was a bedstead of iron--Although beds in the East are with the common people nothing more than a simple mattress, bedsteads are not unknown. They are in use among the great, who prefer them of iron or other metals, not only for strength and durability, but for the prevention of the troublesome insects which in warm climates commonly infest wood. Taking the cubit at half a yard, the bedstead of Og would measure thirteen and a half feet, so that as beds are usually a little larger than the persons who occupy them, the stature of the Amorite king may be estimated at about eleven or twelve feet; or he might have caused his bed to be made much larger than was necessary, as Alexander the Great did for each of his foot soldiers, to impress the Indians with an idea of the extraordinary strength and stature of his men [LE CLERC]. But how did Og's bedstead come to be in Rabbath, of the children of Ammon? In answer to this question, it has been said, that Og had, on the eve of engagement, conveyed it to Rabbath for safety. Or it may be that Moses, after capturing it, may have sold it to the Ammonites, who had kept it as an antiquarian curiosity till their capital was sacked in the time of David. This is a most unlikely supposition, and besides renders it necessary to consider the latter clause of this verse as an interpolation inserted long after the time of Moses. To avoid this, some eminent critics take the Hebrew word rendered "bedstead" to mean "coffin." They think that the king of Bashan having been wounded in battle, fled to Rabbath, where he died and was buried; hence the dimensions of his "coffin" are given [DATHE, ROOS].
12 this land, which we possessed at that time, from Aroer . . . gave I unto the Reubenites and to the Gadites--The whole territory occupied by Sihon was parcelled out among the pastoral tribes of Reuben and Gad. It extended from the north bank of the Arnon to the south half of mount Gilead--a small mountain ridge, now called Djelaad, about six or seven miles south of the Jabbok, and eight miles in length. The northern portion of Gilead and the rich pasture lands of Bashan--a large province, consisting, with the exception of a few bleak and rocky spots, of strong and fertile soil--was assigned to the half-tribe of Manasseh.
14 Jair the son of Manasseh took all the country of Argob--The original inhabitants of the province north of Bashan, comprising sixty cities (
Deut 3:4), not having been extirpated along with Og, this people were afterwards brought into subjection by the energy of Jair. This chief, of the tribe of Manasseh, in accordance with the pastoral habits of his people, called these newly acquired towns by a name which signifies "Jair's Bedouin Villages of Tents."
unto this day--This remark must evidently have been introduced by Ezra, or some of the pious men who arranged and collected the books of Moses.
15 I gave Gilead unto Machir--It was only the half of Gilead (
Deut 3:12-
Deut 3:13) which was given to the descendants of Machir, who was now dead.
16 from Gilead--that is, not the mountainous region, but the town Ramoth-gilead,
even unto the river Arnon half the valley--The word "valley" signifies a wady, either filled with water or dry, as the Arnon is in summer, and thus the proper rendering of the passage will be--"even to the half or middle of the river Arnon" (compare
Josh 12:2). This prudent arrangement of the boundaries was evidently made to prevent all disputes between the adjacent tribes about the exclusive right to the water.
25 I pray thee, let me go over, and see the good land that is beyond Jordan, that goodly mountain, and Lebanon--The natural and very earnest wish of Moses to be allowed to cross the Jordan was founded on the idea that the divine threatening might be conditional and revertible. "That goodly mountain" is supposed by Jewish writers to have pointed to the hill on which the temple was to be built (
Deut 12:5;
Exod 15:2). But biblical scholars now, generally, render the words--"that goodly mountain, even Lebanon," and consider it to be mentioned as typifying the beauty of Palestine, of which hills and mountains were so prominent a feature.
26 speak no more unto me of this matter--that is, My decree is unalterable.