1Ug si Jehova misulti kang Moises nga nagaingon: 2Magbalaan kanako ang tanan nga panganay, bisan unsa nga magabuka sa taguangkan sa taliwa sa mga anak sa Israel, maingon man sa tawo mao usab sa mananap: kana ako man. 3Ug si Moises miingon sa katawohan: Hinumdumi ninyo kining adlawa, nga niini mipahawa kamo gikan sa Egipto, sa balay sa pagkaulipon; kay si Jehova mikuha kaninyo gikan niining dapita pinaagi sa kamot nga kusgan: busa ayaw kamo pagkaon sa tinapay nga may levadura. 4Niining adlawa nanggula kamo sa bulan nga Abib: 5Ug mahitabo, nga sa pagpasulod ni Jehova kaninyo sa yuta sa mga Canaanhon, ug sa mga Hetehanon, ug sa mga Amorehanon, ug sa mga Hebehanon, ug sa mga Jebusehanon, nga gipanumpaan niya sa inyong mga ginikanan nga iyang igahatag kaninyo, kadtong usa ka yuta nga nagapaagay sa gatas ug dugos, nga magasaulog kamo niini nga pag-alagad niining bulana: 6Pito ka adlaw magakaon ka sa tinapay nga walay levadura, ug sa ikapito ka adlaw mao ang fiesta alang kang Jehova. 7Tinapay nga walay levadura maoy pagakan-on sulod sa pito ka adlaw; ug walay tinapay nga may levadura nga makita diha kanimo, ni levadura makita diha kanimo sa tanan mo nga mga utlanan. 8Ug magsugilon ka niadtong adlawa sa imong anak nga lalake nga magaingon: Kini gibuhat tungod niadto nga gibuhat ni Jehova kanako, sa migula ako gikan sa Egipto. 9Ug kini mahimo kanimo nga usa ka ilhanan sa ibabaw sa imong kamot ug usa ka handumanan sa atubangan sa imong mga mata, aron ang Kasugoan ni Jehova anha sa imong baba; kay tungod sa kamot nga kusgan gikuha ka ni Jehova gikan sa Egipto. 10Busa, ikaw magabantay niini nga tulomanon sa iyang panahon sa tuigtuig. 11Ug sa pagpasulod ni Jehova kanimo sa yuta sa mga Canaanhon, ingon sa iyang gipanumpa kanimo ug sa imong mga ginikanan, ug sa magahatag siya niana kanimo, 12Pagalainon mo alang kang Jehova ang tanan nga magbuka sa taguangkan; ug ang tanan nga una nga magabuka sa taguangkan sa imong mga mananap; ang mga lake iya kang Jehova. 13Ug sa tanan nga panganay sa asno ang usa ka book nga nating carnero mao ang igalukat mo; ug kondili ka magalukat niini, nan punggutan mo kini sa liog: ug sa tanan nga panganay sa tawo sa taliwala sa imong mga anak magatubos ikaw. 149 Ug kong sa panahong umalabut mangutana kanimo ang imong anak nga lalake nga magaingon: Unsa ba kini? Magaingon ikaw kaniya: Pinaagi sa kusog sa kamot, si Jehova nagkuha kanato gikan sa Egipto, sa balay sa pagkaulipon. 15Ug nahitabo nga si Faraon sa halus motugot kanamo sa pagpalakaw, si Jehova nagpatay sa tanan nga panganay sa yuta sa Egipto, gikan sa panganay sa tawo hangtud sa panganay sa kahayupan; busa ako nagahalad alang kang Jehova sa tanan nga panganay nga lake; apan ang tanan nga panganay sa akong mga anak gitubos ko. 16Ug kini mahimo alang kanimo nga usa ka timaan sa ibabaw sa imong kamot, ug ingon nga mga ilhanan sa taliwala sa imong mga mata; tungod kay si Jehova mao ang nagkuha kanato gikan sa Egipto pinaagi sa kamot nga kusgan. 17Ug nahitabo nga sa mitugot si Faraon sa pagpalakaw sa katawohan, ang Dios wala magdala kanila sa dalan sa yuta sa mga Filistehanon, bisan tuod kadto maoy duol; kay ang Dios nag-ingon: ingali unya ug magbasul ang katawohan kong makakita sila ug gubat, ug mamalik sila ngadto sa Egipto. 18Apan gimandoan sa Dios ang katawohan sa paglibot pinaagi sa kamingawan duol sa dagat nga Mapula. Ug mitungas nga may mga hinagiban ang mga anak sa Israel gawas sa Egipto. 19Gikuha ni Moises uban kaniya ang mga bukog ni Jose: kay nakigpanumpa siya sa mga anak sa Israel nga nagaingon: Ang Dios sa pagkamatuod magadu-aw kaninyo, ug pagadad-on ninyo ang akong mga bukog gikan dinhi kauban ninyo. 20Ug migikan sila sa Sucoth, ug napahamutang sila sa Etham sa daplin sa kamingawan. 21Ug si Jehova milakaw nga nag-una kanila sa adlaw pinaagi sa usa ka haligi nga panganod aron sa pagmando kanila sa dalan, ug sa kagabhion pinaagi sa usa ka panganod nga kalayo sa pag-iwag kanila aron sila makalakaw sa adlaw ug sa gabii. 22Wala mobulag sa pag-una sa katawohan ang haligi nga panganod sa adlaw, ug ang panganod nga kalayo sa gabii.
Jamieson Fausset Brown Bible Commentary 2 THE FIRST-BORN SANCTIFIED. (
Exod 13:1-
Exod 13:2)
Sanctify unto me all the first-born--To "sanctify" means to "consecrate," to "set apart" from a common to a sacred use. The foundation of this duty rested on the fact that the Israelites, having had their first-born preserved by a distinguishing act of grace from the general destruction that overtook the families of the Egyptians, were bound in token of gratitude to consider them as the Lord's peculiar property (compare
Heb 12:23).
3 MEMORIAL OF THE PASSOVER. (
Exod 13:3-
Exod 13:10)
Moses said unto the people, Remember this day--The day that gave them a national existence and introduced them into the privileges of independence and freedom, deserved to live in the memories of the Hebrews and their posterity; and, considering the signal interposition of God displayed in it, to be held not only in perpetual, but devout remembrance.
house of bondage--literally, "house of slaves"--that is, a servile and degrading condition.
for by strength of hand the Lord brought you out from this place--The emancipation of Israel would never have been obtained except it had been wrung from the Egyptian tyrant by the appalling judgments of God, as had been at the outset of his mission announced to Moses (
Exod 3:19).
There shall no leavened bread, &c.--The words are elliptical, and the meaning of the clause may be paraphrased thus:--"For by strength of hand the Lord brought you out from this place, in such haste that there could or should be no leavened bread eaten."
4 month Abib--literally, "a green ear," and hence the month Abib is the month of green ears, corresponding to the middle of our March. It was the best season for undertaking a journey to the desert region of Sinai, especially with flocks and herds; for then the winter torrents had subsided, and the wadies were covered with an early and luxuriant verdure.
5 when the Lord shall bring thee--The passover is here instituted as a permanent festival of the Israelites. It was, however, only a prospective observance; we read of only one celebration of the passover during the protracted sojourn in the wilderness [
Num 9:5]; but on their settlement in the promised land, the season was hallowed as a sacred anniversary [
Josh 5:10], in conformity with the directions here given.
8 thou shalt show thy son in that day, saying--The establishment of this and the other sacred festivals presented the best opportunities of instructing the young in a knowledge of His gracious doings to their ancestors in Egypt.
9 it shall be for a sign unto thee upon thine hand, &c.--There is no reason to believe that the Oriental tattooing--the custom of staining the hands with the powder of Hennah, as Eastern females now do--is here referred to. Nor is it probable that either this practice or the phylacteries of the Pharisees--parchment scrolls, which were worn on their wrists and foreheads--had so early an existence. The words are to be considered only as a figurative mode of expression.
that the Lord's law may be in thy mouth, &c.--that is, that it may be the subject of frequent conversation and familiar knowledge among the people.
12 FIRSTLINGS OF BEASTS. (
Exod 13:11-
Exod 13:16)
every firstling, &c.--the injunction respecting the consecration of the first-born, as here repeated, with some additional circumstances. The firstlings of clean beasts, such as lambs, kids, and calves, if males, were to be devoted to God and employed in sacrifice. Those unclean beasts, as the ass's colt, being unfit for sacrifice, were to be redeemed (
Num 18:15).
17 JOURNEY FROM EGYPT. (
Exod 13:17-
Exod 13:21)
God led them not through the way of the land of the Philistines, although that was near, &c.--The shortest and most direct route from Egypt to Palestine was the usual caravan road that leads by Belbeis, El-Arish, to Ascalon and Gaza. The Philistines, who then possessed the latter, would have been sure to dispute their passage, for between them and the Israelites there was a hereditary feud (
1Chr 7:21-22); and so early a commencement of hostilities would have discouraged or dismayed the unwarlike band which Moses led. Their faith was to be exercised and strengthened, and from the commencement of their travels we observe the same careful proportion of burdens and trials to their character and state, as the gracious Lord shows to His people still in that spiritual journey of which the former was typical.
18 God led the people about, through the way of the wilderness of the Red Sea, &c.--This wondrous expanse of water is a gulf of the Indian ocean. It was called in Hebrew "the weedy sea," from the forest of marine plants with which it abounds. But the name of the Red Sea is not so easily traced. Some think it was given from its contiguity to the countries of Edom ("red"); others derive it from its coral rocks; while a third class ascribe the origin of the name to an extremely red appearance of the water in some parts, caused by a numberless multitude of very small mollusca. This sea, at its northern extremity, separates into two smaller inlets--the eastern called anciently the Elanitic gulf, now the gulf of Akaba; and the western the Heroopolite gulf, now the gulf of Suez, which, there can be no doubt, extended much more to the north anciently than it does now. It was toward the latter the Israelites marched.
went up harnessed--that is, girded, equipped for a long journey. (See
Ps 105:37). The Margin renders it "five in a rank," meaning obviously five large divisions, under five presiding officers, according to the usages of all caravans; and a spectacle of such a mighty and motley multitude must have presented an imposing appearance, and its orderly progress could have been effected only by the superintending influence of God.
19 Moses took the bones of Joseph with him--in fulfilment of the oath he exacted from his brethren (
Gen 50:25-
Gen 50:26). The remains of the other patriarchs (not noticed from their obscurity) were also carried out of Egypt (
Acts 7:15-
Acts 7:16); and there would be no difficulty as to the means of conveyance--a few camels bearing these precious relics would give a true picture of Oriental customs, such as is still to be seen in the immense pilgrimages to Mecca.
20 encamped in Etham--This place is supposed by the most intelligent travellers to be the modern Ajrud, where is a watering-place, and which is the third stage of the pilgrim-caravans to Mecca. "It is remarkable that either of the different routes eastward from Heliopolis, or southward from Heroopolis, equally admit of Ajrud being Etham. It is twelve miles northwest from Suez, and is literally on the edge of the desert" [Pictorial Bible].
21 the Lord went before them--by a visible token of His presence, the Shekinah, in a majestic cloud (
Ps 78:14;
Neh 9:12;
1Cor 10:1), called "the angel of God" (
Exod 14:19;
Exod 23:20-
Exod 23:23;
Ps 99:6-
Ps 99:7;
Isa 63:8-
Isa 63:9).