1Et YEHOVAH dit à Moïse: Vois, je t'ai établi Dieu pour Pharaon, et Aaron, ton frère, sera ton prophète. 2Tu diras tout ce que je te commanderai, et Aaron ton frère parlera à Pharaon, pour qu'il laisse aller les enfants d'Israël hors de son pays. 3Mais j'endurcirai le cœur de Pharaon, et je multiplierai mes signes et mes miracles dans le pays d'Égypte. 4Et Pharaon ne vous écoutera point; et je mettrai ma main sur l'Égypte, et je retirerai du pays d'Égypte mes armées, mon peuple, les enfants d'Israël, par de grands jugements. 5Les Égyptiens sauront que JE SUIS YEHOVAH, quand j'étendrai ma main sur l'Égypte, et que je retirerai du milieu d'eux les enfants d'Israël. 6Moïse et Aaron firent donc comme YEHOVAH leur avait commandé; ils firent ainsi. 7Or, Moïse était âgé de quatre-vingts ans, et Aaron de quatre-vingt-trois ans, quand ils parlèrent à Pharaon. 8Et YEHOVAH parla à Moïse et à Aaron, en disant: 9Quand Pharaon vous parlera, et dira: Faites un miracle; alors tu diras à Aaron: Prends ta verge et jette-la devant Pharaon; et elle deviendra un serpent. 10Moïse et Aaron vinrent donc vers Pharaon, et firent ainsi, comme YEHOVAH l'avait commandé. Et Aaron jeta sa verge devant Pharaon et devant ses serviteurs, et elle devint un serpent. 11Mais Pharaon appela aussi les sages et les enchanteurs; et les magiciens d'Égypte firent, eux aussi, la même chose par leurs enchantements. 12Ils jetèrent donc chacun leur verge, et elles devinrent des serpents; mais la verge d'Aaron engloutit leurs verges. 13Et le cœur de Pharaon s'endurcit, et il ne les écouta point, comme YEHOVAH l'avait dit. 14Et YEHOVAH dit à Moïse: Le cœur de Pharaon est appesanti; il a refusé de laisser aller le peuple. 15Va vers Pharaon dès le matin; voici, il sortira vers l'eau; tu te présenteras donc devant lui sur la rive du fleuve, et tu prendras à ta main la verge qui a été changée en serpent. 16Et tu lui diras: YEHOVAH, le Dieu des Hébreux, m'a envoyé vers toi, en disant: Laisse aller mon peuple, afin qu'il me serve dans le désert; et voici, tu n'as point écouté jusqu'ici. 17Ainsi a dit YEHOVAH: À ceci tu sauras que JE SUIS YEHOVAH: Voici, je vais frapper de la verge qui est dans ma main, les eaux qui sont dans le fleuve, et elles seront changées en sang. 18Et le poisson qui est dans le fleuve, mourra, et le fleuve se corrompra, et les Égyptiens éprouveront du dégoût à boire des eaux du fleuve. 19Puis YEHOVAH dit à Moïse: Dis à Aaron: Prends ta verge, et étends ta main sur les eaux des Égyptiens, sur leurs rivières, sur leurs fleuves, et sur leurs étangs, et sur tous leurs amas d'eaux, et qu'elles deviennent du sang; et il y aura du sang par tout le pays d'Égypte, et dans les vases de bois et dans les vases de pierre. 20Moïse et Aaron firent donc ainsi, comme YEHOVAH l'avait commandé. Et Aaron leva la verge, et frappa les eaux qui étaient dans le fleuve, aux yeux de Pharaon et aux yeux de ses serviteurs; et toutes les eaux qui étaient dans le fleuve furent changées en sang. 21Et le poisson qui était dans le fleuve mourut, et le fleuve se corrompit, et les Égyptiens ne purent boire des eaux du fleuve; et le sang fut par tout le pays d'Égypte. 22Mais les magiciens d'Égypte firent la même chose par leurs enchantements. Et le cœur de Pharaon s'endurcit, et il n'écouta point Moïse et Aaron, comme YEHOVAH l'avait dit. 23Et Pharaon s'en retourna et vint en sa maison, et ne rendit pas même son cœur attentif à tout cela. 24Or, tous les Égyptiens creusèrent autour du fleuve pour trouver de l'eau à boire, car ils ne pouvaient pas boire de l'eau du fleuve. 25Et il se passa sept jours, après que YEHOVAH eut frappé le fleuve.
Jamieson Fausset Brown Bible Commentary 1 SECOND INTERVIEW WITH PHARAOH. (Exo. 7:1-25)
the Lord said unto Moses--He is here encouraged to wait again on the king--not, however, as formerly, in the attitude of a humble suppliant, but now armed with credentials as God's ambassador, and to make his demand in a tone and manner which no earthly monarch or court ever witnessed.
I have made thee a god--"made," that is, set, appointed; "a god"; that is, he was to act in this business as God's representative, to act and speak in His name and to perform things beyond the ordinary course of nature. The Orientals familiarly say of a man who is eminently great or wise, "he is a god" among men.
Aaron thy brother shall be thy prophet--that is, "interpreter" or "spokesman." The one was to be the vicegerent of God, and the other must be considered the speaker throughout all the ensuing scenes, even though his name is not expressly mentioned.
3 I will harden Pharaoh's heart--This would be the result. But the divine message would be the occasion, not the cause of the king's impenitent obduracy.
4 I may lay mine hand upon Egypt, &c.--The succession of terrible judgments with which the country was about to be scourged would fully demonstrate the supremacy of Israel's God.
7 Moses was fourscore years old--This advanced age was a pledge that they had not been readily betrayed into a rash or hazardous enterprise, and that under its attendant infirmities they could not have carried through the work on which they were entering had they not been supported by a divine hand.
9 When Pharaoh shall speak unto you, &c.--The king would naturally demand some evidence of their having been sent from God; and as he would expect the ministers of his own gods to do the same works, the contest, in the nature of the case, would be one of miracles. Notice has already been taken of the rod of Moses (
Exod 4:2), but rods were carried also by all nobles and official persons in the court of Pharaoh. It was an Egyptian custom, and the rods were symbols of authority or rank. Hence God commanded His servants to use a rod.
10 Aaron cast down his rod before Pharaoh, &c.--It is to be presumed that Pharaoh had demanded a proof of their divine mission.
11 Then Pharaoh also called the wise men and the sorcerers, &c.--His object in calling them was to ascertain whether this doing of Aaron's was really a work of divine power or merely a feat of magical art. The magicians of Egypt in modern times have been long celebrated adepts in charming serpents, and particularly by pressing the nape of the neck, they throw them into a kind of catalepsy, which renders them stiff and immovable--thus seeming to change them into a rod. They conceal the serpent about their persons, and by acts of legerdemain produce it from their dress, stiff and straight as a rod. Just the same trick was played off by their ancient predecessors, the most renowned of whom, Jannes and Jambres (
2Tim 3:8), were called in on this occasion. They had time after the summons to make suitable preparations--and so it appears they succeeded by their "enchantments" in practising an illusion on the senses.
12 but Aaron's rod swallowed up their rods--This was what they could not be prepared for, and the discomfiture appeared in the loss of their rods, which were probably real serpents.
14 Pharaoh's heart is hardened--Whatever might have been his first impressions, they were soon dispelled; and when he found his magicians making similar attempts, he concluded that Aaron's affair was a magical deception, the secret of which was not known to his wise men.
15 Get thee unto Pharaoh--Now began those appalling miracles of judgment by which the God of Israel, through His ambassadors, proved His sole and unchallengeable supremacy over all the gods of Egypt, and which were the natural phenomena of Egypt, at an unusual season, and in a miraculous degree of intensity. The court of Egypt, whether held at Rameses, or Memphis, or Tanis in the field of Zoan (
Ps 78:12), was the scene of those extraordinary transactions, and Moses must have resided during that terrible period in the immediate neighborhood.
in the morning; lo, he goeth out unto the water--for the purpose of ablutions or devotions perhaps; for the Nile was an object of superstitious reverence, the patron deity of the country. It might be that Moses had been denied admission into the palace; but be that as it may, the river was to be the subject of the first plague, and therefore, he was ordered to repair to its banks with the miracle-working rod, now to be raised, not in demonstration, but in judgment, if the refractory spirit of the king should still refuse consent to Israel's departure for their sacred rites.
17 Aaron lifted up the rod and smote the waters, &c.--Whether the water was changed into real blood, or only the appearance of it (and Omnipotence could effect the one as easily as the other), this was a severe calamity. How great must have been the disappointment and disgust throughout the land when the river became of a blood red color, of which they had a national abhorrence; their favorite beverage became a nauseous draught, and the fish, which formed so large an article of food, were destroyed. [See on
Num 11:5.] The immense scale on which the plague was inflicted is seen by its extending to "the streams," or branches of the Nile--to the "rivers," the canals, the "ponds" and "pools," that which is left after an overflow, the reservoirs, and the many domestic vessels in which the Nile water was kept to filter. And accordingly the sufferings of the people from thirst must have been severe. Nothing could more humble the pride of Egypt than this dishonor brought on their national god.
22 And the magicians . . . did so with their enchantments, &c.--Little or no pure water could be procured, and therefore their imitation must have been on a small scale --the only drinkable water available being dug among the sands. It must have been on a sample or specimen of water dyed red with some coloring matter. But it was sufficient to serve as a pretext or command for the king to turn unmoved and go to his house.