1Ấy vậy, trời đất và muôn vật đã dựng nên xong rồi. 2Ngày thứ bảy, Ðức Chúa Trời làm xong các công việc Ngài đã làm, và ngày thứ bảy, Ngài nghỉ các công việc Ngài đã làm. 3Rồi, Ngài ban phước cho ngày thứ bảy, đặt là ngày thánh; vì trong ngày đó, Ngài nghỉ các công việc đã dựng nên và đã làm xong rồi. 4Ấy là gốc tích trời và đất khi đã dựng nên, trong lúc Giê-hô-va Ðức Chúa Trời dựng nên trời và đất. 5Vả, lúc đó, chưa có một cây nhỏ nào mọc ngoài đồng, và cũng chưa có một ngọn cỏ nào mọc ngoài ruộng, vì Giê-hô-va Ðức Chúa Trời chưa có cho mưa xuống trên đất, và cũng chẳng có một người nào cày cấy đất nữa. 6Song có hơi nước dưới đất bay lên tưới khắp cùng mặt đất, 7Giê-hô-va Ðức Chúa Trời bèn lấy bụi đất nắn nên hình người, hà sanh khí vào lỗ mũi; thì người trở nên một loài sanh linh. 8Ðoạn, Giê-hô-va Ðức Chúa Trời lập một cảnh vườn tại Ê-đen, ở về hướng Ðông, và đặt người mà Ngài vừa dựng nên ở đó. 9Giê-hô-va Ðức Chúa Trời khiến đất mọc lên các thứ cây đẹp mắt, và trái thì ăn ngon; giữa vườn lại có cây sự sống cùng cây biết điều thiện và điều ác. 10Một con sông từ Ê-đen chảy ra đặng tưới vườn; rồi từ đó chia ra làm bốn ngả. 11Tên ngả thứ nhứt là Bi-sôn; ngả đó chảy quanh xứ Ha-vi-la, là nơi có vàng. 12Vàng xứ nầy rất cao; đó lại có nhũ hương và bính ngọc. 13Tên sông thứ nhì là Ghi-hôn, chảy quanh xứ Cu-sơ. 14Tên sông thứ ba là Hi-đê-ke, chảy về phía đông bờ cõi A-si-ri. Còn sông thứ tư là sông Ơ-phơ-rát. 15Giê-hô-va Ðức Chúa Trời đem người ở vào cảnh vườn Ê-đen để trồng và giữ vườn. 16Rồi, Giê-hô-va Ðức Chúa Trời phán dạy rằng: Ngươi được tự do ăn hoa quả các thứ cây trong vườn; 17nhưng về cây biết điều thiện và điều ác thì chớ hề ăn đến; vì một mai ngươi ăn chắc sẽ chết. 18Giê-hô-va Ðức Chúa Trời phán rằng: Loài người ở một mình thì không tốt; ta sẽ làm nên một kẻ giúp đỡ giống như nó. 19Giê-hô-va Ðức Chúa Trời lấy đất nắn nên các loài thú đồng, các loài chim trời, rồi dẫn đến trước mặt A-đam đặng thử xem người đặt tên chúng nó làm sao, hầu cho tên nào A-đam đặt cho mỗi vật sống, đều thành tên riêng cho nó. 20A-đam đặt tên các loài súc vật, các loài chim trời cùng các loài thú đồng; nhưng về phần A-đam, thì chẳng tìm được một ai giúp đỡ giống như mình hết. 21Giê-hô-va Ðức Chúa Trời làm cho A-đam ngủ mê, bèn lấy một xương sường, rồi lấp thịt thế vào. 22Giê-hô-va Ðức Chúa Trời dùng xương sường đã lấy nơi A-đam làm nên một người nữ, đưa đến cùng A-đam. 23A-đam nói rằng: Người nầy là xương bởi xương tôi, thịt bởi thịt tôi mà ra. Người nầy sẽ được gọi là người nữ, vì nó do nơi người nam mà có. 24Bởi vậy cho nên người nam sẽ lìa cha mẹ mà dính díu cùng vợ mình, và cả hai sẽ trở nên một thịt. 25Vả, A-đam và vợ, cả hai đều trần truồng, mà chẳng hổ thẹn.
Jamieson Fausset Brown Bible Commentary 1 THE NARRATIVE OF THE SIX DAYS' CREATION CONTINUED. The course of the narrative is improperly broken by the division of the chapter. (
Gen 2:1)
the heavens--the firmament or atmosphere.
host--a multitude, a numerous array, usually connected in Scripture with heaven only, but here with the earth also, meaning all that they contain.
were finished--brought to completion. No permanent change has ever since been made in the course of the world, no new species of animals been formed, no law of nature repealed or added to. They could have been finished in a moment as well as in six days, but the work of creation was gradual for the instruction of man, as well, perhaps, as of higher creatures (
Job 38:7).
2 THE FIRST SABBATH. (
Gen 2:2-
Gen 2:7)
and he rested on the seventh day--not to repose from exhaustion with labor (see
Isa 40:28), but ceased from working, an example equivalent to a command that we also should cease from labor of every kind.
3 blessed and sanctified the seventh day--a peculiar distinction put upon it above the other six days, and showing it was devoted to sacred purposes. The institution of the Sabbath is as old as creation, giving rise to that weekly division of time which prevailed in the earliest ages. It is a wise and beneficent law, affording that regular interval of rest which the physical nature of man and the animals employed in his service requires, and the neglect of which brings both to premature decay. Moreover, it secures an appointed season for religious worship, and if it was necessary in a state of primeval innocence, how much more so now, when mankind has a strong tendency to forget God and His claims?
4 These are the generations of the heavens and of the earth--the history or account of their production. Whence did Moses obtain this account so different from the puerile and absurd fictions of the heathen? Not from any human source, for man was not in existence to witness it; not from the light of nature or reason, for though they proclaim the eternal power and Godhead by the things which are made, they cannot tell how they were made. None but the Creator Himself could give this information, and therefore it is through faith we understand that the worlds were framed by the word of God (
Heb 11:3).
5 rain, mist--(See on
Gen 1:11).
7 Here the sacred writer supplies a few more particulars about the first pair.
formed--had FORMED MAN OUT OF THE DUST OF THE GROUND. Science has proved that the substance of his flesh, sinews, and bones, consists of the very same elements as the soil which forms the crust of the earth and the limestone that lies embedded in its bowels. But from that mean material what an admirable structure has been reared in the human body (
Ps 139:14).
the breath of life--literally, of lives, not only animal but spiritual life. If the body is so admirable, how much more the soul with all its varied faculties.
breathed into his nostrils the breath of life--not that the Creator literally performed this act, but respiration being the medium and sign of life, this phrase is used to show that man's life originated in a different way from his body--being implanted directly by God (
Eccl 12:7), and hence in the new creation of the soul Christ breathed on His disciples (
John 20:22).
8 THE GARDEN OF EDEN. (
Gen 2:8-
Gen 2:17)
Eden--was probably a very extensive region in Mesopotamia, distinguished for its natural beauty and the richness and variety of its produce. Hence its name, signifying "pleasantness." God planted a garden eastward, an extensive park, a paradise, in which the man was put to be trained under the paternal care of his Maker to piety and usefulness.
9 tree of life--so called from its symbolic character as a sign and seal of immortal life. Its prominent position where it must have been an object of daily observation and interest, was admirably fitted to keep man habitually in mind of God and futurity.
tree of the knowledge of good and evil--so called because it was a test of obedience by which our first parents were to be tried, whether they would be good or bad, obey God or break His commands.
15 put the man into the garden of Eden to dress it--not only to give him a pleasant employment, but to place him on his probation, and as the title of this garden, the garden of the Lord (
Gen 13:10;
Ezek 28:13), indicates, it was in fact a temple in which he worshipped God, and was daily employed in offering the sacrifices of thanksgiving and praise.
17 thou shalt not eat of it . . . thou shalt surely die--no reason assigned for the prohibition, but death was to be the punishment of disobedience. A positive command like this was not only the simplest and easiest, but the only trial to which their fidelity could be exposed.
18 THE MAKING OF WOMAN, AND INSTITUTION OF MARRIAGE. (
Gen 2:18-
Gen 2:25)
it is not good for the man to be alone--In the midst of plenty and delights, he was conscious of feelings he could not gratify. To make him sensible of his wants,
19 God brought unto Adam--not all the animals in existence, but those chiefly in his immediate neighborhood to be subservient to his use.
whatsoever Adam called every living creature, that was the name thereof--His powers of perception and intelligence were supernaturally enlarged to know the characters, habits, and uses of each species that was brought to him.
20 but for Adam there was not found an help meet for him--The design of this singular scene was to show him that none of the living creatures he saw were on an equal footing with himself, and that while each class came with its mate of the same nature, form, and habits, he alone had no companion. Besides, in giving names to them he was led to exercise his powers of speech and to prepare for social intercourse with his partner, a creature yet to be formed.
21 deep sleep--probably an ecstasy or trance like that of the prophets, when they had visions and revelations of the Lord, for the whole scene was probably visible to the mental eye of Adam, and hence his rapturous exclamation.
took one of his ribs--"She was not made out of his head to surpass him, nor from his feet to be trampled on, but from his side to be equal to him, and near his heart to be dear to him."
23 Woman--in Hebrew, "man-ess."
24 one flesh--The human pair differed from all other pairs, that by peculiar formation of Eve, they were one. And this passage is appealed to by our Lord as the divine institution of marriage (
Matt 19:4-
Matt 19:5;
Eph 5:28). Thus Adam appears as a creature formed after the image of God--showing his knowledge by giving names to the animals, his righteousness by his approval of the marriage relation, and his holiness by his principles and feelings, and finding gratification in the service and enjoyment of God.