1Vả, Giô-sép bị đem qua xứ Ê-díp-tô, thì Phô-ti-pha, người bổn xứ, làm quan thị vệ của Pha-ra-ôn, mua chàng nơi thay dân Ích-ma-ên đã dẫn đến. 2Giô-sép ở trong nhà chủ mình, là người Ê-díp-tô, được Ðức Giê-hô-va phù hộ, nên thạnh lợi luôn. 3Chủ thấy Ðức Giê-hô-va phù hộ chàng và xui cho mọi việc chi chàng lãnh làm nơi tay đều được thạnh vượng. 4Vậy, Giô-sép được ơn trước mặt chủ mình; chủ cắt chàng hầu việc, đặt cai quản cửa nhà, và phó của cải mình cho chàng hết. 5Từ khi người đặt Giô-sép cai quản cửa nhà cùng hết thảy của cải mình rồi, thì Ðức Giê-hô-va vì Giô-sép ban phước cho nhà người; sự ban phước của Ðức Giê-hô-va bủa khắp mọi vật của người làm chủ, hoặc trong nhà, hoặc ngoài đồng. 6Người giao hết của cải mình cho Giô-sép coi sóc, chẳng lo đến việc nào nữa, trừ ra các phần vật thực của mình ăn mà thôi. Vả, Giô-sép hình dung đẹp đẽ, mặt mày tốt tươi. 7Sau các việc nầy, vợ chủ đưa mắt cùng Giô-sép, mà nói rằng: Hãy lại nằm cùng ta. 8Chàng từ chối và đáp rằng: Chủ đã giao nơi tay tôi mọi vật của người, và nầy, chủ chẳng lo biết đến việc chi trong nhà nữa; 9trong nhà nầy chẳng ai lớn hơn tôi, và chủ cùng không cấm chi tôi, trừ ra một mình ngươi, vì là vợ của chủ tôi. Thế nào tôi dám làm điều đại ác dường ấy, mà phạm tội cùng Ðức Chúa Trời sao? 10Thường ngày người dỗ dành mặc dầu, thì Giô-sép chẳng khấng nghe lời dụ dỗ nằm cùng hay là ở cùng người chút nào. 11Một ngày kia, Giô-sép vào nhà đặng làm công việc; vả, chẳng có người nhà nào ở đó, 12thì người bèn nắm áo chàng mà rằng: Hãy nằm cùng ta! Nhưng chàng liền tuột áo để lại trong tay người mà chạy trốn ra ngoài. 13Khi người thấy áo còn lại nơi tay mình, và chàng đã chạy trốn ra ngoài như vậy, 14bèn gọi người nhà mà nói rằng: Bay coi! Họ khéo đem vào nhà một thằng Hê-bơ-rơ để chọc ghẹo ta. Nó lại gần toan nằm cùng ta, nhưng ta la lớn lên. 15Vừa khi nó nghe ta cất tiếng la, thì tuột áo lại bên ta, chạy trốn ra ngoài. 16Người bèn để áo của Giô-sép bên mình đợi khi chủ về nhà, 17học lại cùng chủ y như lời trước, rằng: Thằng nô lệ Hê-bơ-rơ mà ông khéo đem về nhà đã đến gần đặng chọc ghẹo tôi; 18nhưng khi tôi cất tiếng la lên, nó tuột áo lại bên tôi, rồi chạy trốn ra ngoài. 19Vừa khi chủ của Giô-sép nghe lời vợ nói rằng: Ðó, kẻ nô lệ ông làm điều như vậy, thì nổi giận phừng phừng, 20bèn bắt chàng đem bỏ vào tù, là nơi cầm các kẻ phạm tội của vua. Vậy, ch 21Ðức Giê-hô-va phù hộ Giô-sép và tỏ lòng nhân từ cùng chàng, làm cho được ơn trước mặt chủ ngục. 22Chủ ngục giao hết các kẻ tù trong tay Giô-sép, chẳng việc chi làm qua khỏi được chàng. 23Chủ ngục chẳng soát lại những việc đã ở nơi tay Giô-sép, vì có Ðức Giê-hô-va phù hộ chàng, xui cho việc chi chàng làm cũng được thạnh vượng
Jamieson Fausset Brown Bible Commentary 1 JOSEPH IN POTIPHAR'S HOUSE. (Gen. 39:1-23)
Potiphar--This name, Potiphar, signifies one "devoted to the sun," the local deity of On or Heliopolis, a circumstance which fixes the place of his residence in the Delta, the district of Egypt bordering on Canaan.
officer--literally, "prince of the Pharoah"--that is, in the service of government.
captain of the guard--The import of the original term has been variously interpreted, some considering it means "chief cook," others, "chief inspector of plantations"; but that which seems best founded is "chief of the executioners," the same as the captain of the watch, the zabut of modern Egypt [WILKINSON].
bought him . . . of the Ishmaelites--The age, appearance, and intelligence of the Hebrew slave would soon cause him to be picked up in the market. But the unseen, unfelt influence of the great Disposer drew the attention of Potiphar towards him, in order that in the house of one so closely connected with the court, he might receive that previous training which was necessary for the high office he was destined to fill, and in the school of adversity learn the lessons of practical wisdom that were to be of greatest utility and importance in his future career. Thus it is that when God has any important work to be done, He always prepares fitting agents to accomplish it.
2 he was in the house of his master--Those slaves who had been war captives were generally sent to labor in the field and subjected to hard treatment under the "stick" of taskmasters. But those who were bought with money were employed in domestic purposes, were kindly treated, and enjoyed as much liberty as the same class does in modern Egypt.
3 his master saw that the Lord was with him--Though changed in condition, Joseph was not changed in spirit; though stripped of the gaudy coat that had adorned his person, he had not lost the moral graces that distinguished his character; though separated from his father on earth, he still lived in communion with his Father in heaven; though in the house of an idolater, he continued a worshipper of the true God.
5 the Lord blessed the Egyptian's house for Joseph's sake, &c.--It might be--it probably was--that a special, a miraculous blessing was poured out on a youth who so faithfully and zealously served God amid all the disadvantages of his place. But it may be useful to remark that such a blessing usually follows in the ordinary course of things; and the most worldly, unprincipled masters always admire and respect religion in a servant when they see that profession supported by conscientious principle and a consistent life.
made him overseer in his house--We do not know in what capacity Joseph entered into the service of Potiphar; but the observant eye of his master soon discovered his superior qualities and made him his chief, his confidential servant (compare
Eph 6:7;
Col 3:23). The advancement of domestic slaves is not uncommon, and it is considered a great disgrace not to raise one who has been a year or two in the family. But this extraordinary advancement of Joseph was the doing of the Lord, though on the part of Potiphar it was the consequence of observing the astonishing prosperity that attended him in all that he did.
7 his master's wife cast her eyes upon Joseph--Egyptian women were not kept in the same secluded manner as females are in most Oriental countries now. They were treated in a manner more worthy of a civilized people--in fact, enjoyed much freedom both at home and abroad. Hence Potiphar's wife had constant opportunity of meeting Joseph. But the ancient women of Egypt were very loose in their morals. Intrigues and intemperance were vices very prevalent among them, as the monuments too plainly attest [WILKINSON]. Potiphar's wife was probably not worse than many of the same rank, and her infamous advances made to Joseph arose from her superiority of station.
9 How then can I do this great wickedness, and sin against God?--This remonstrance, when all inferior arguments had failed, embodied the true principle of moral purity--a principle always sufficient where it exists, and alone sufficient.
14 Then she called unto the men of her house--Disappointed and affronted, she vowed revenge and accused Joseph, first to the servants of the house, and on his return to her lord.
See, he hath brought in an Hebrew . . . to mock us--an affected and blind aspersion of her husband for keeping in his house an Hebrew, the very abomination of Egyptians.
20 Joseph's master took him, and put him into the prison--the roundhouse, from the form of its construction, usually attached to the dwelling of such an officer as Potiphar. It was partly a subterranean dungeon (
Gen 41:14), though the brick-built walls rose considerably above the surface of the ground, and were surmounted by a vaulted roof somewhat in the form of an inverted bowl. Into such a dungeon Potiphar, in the first ebullition of rage, threw Joseph and ordered him to be subjected further to as great harshness of treatment (
Ps 105:18) as he dared; for the power of masters over their slaves was very properly restrained by law, and the murder of a slave was a capital crime.
a place where the king's prisoners were bound--Though prisons seem to have been an inseparable appendage of the palaces, this was not a common jail--it was the receptacle of state criminals; and, therefore, it may be presumed that more than ordinary strictness and vigilance were exercised over the prisoners. In general, however, the Egyptian, like other Oriental prisons, were used solely for the purposes of detention. Accused persons were cast into them until the charges against them could be investigated; and though the jailer was responsible for the appearance of those placed under his custody, yet, provided they were produced when called, he was never interrogated as to the way in which he had kept them.
21 The Lord . . . gave him favour in the sight of the keeper of the prison, &c.--It is highly probable, from the situation of this prison (
Gen 40:3), that the keeper might have been previously acquainted with Joseph and have had access to know his innocence of the crime laid to his charge, as well as with all the high integrity of his character. That may partly account for his showing so much kindness and confidence to his prisoner. But there was a higher influence at work; for "the Lord was with Joseph, and that which he did, the Lord made it to prosper."