1Sucedió que cuando Jabín rey de Hazor oyó esto, envió un mensaje a Jobab rey de Madón, al rey de Simrón, al rey de Acsaf, 2a los reyes que habitaban en la región montañosa del norte, en la llanura del sur del mar Quinéret, en la Sefela y en Nafot-dor al occidente, 3a los cananeos que habitaban al oriente y al occidente, a los amorreos, a los heteos, a los ferezeos, a los jebuseos de la región montañosa y a los heveos de las faldas del Hermón, en la tierra de Mizpa. 4Entonces ellos, y todos sus ejércitos con ellos, un pueblo tan numeroso como la arena que está a la orilla del mar, salieron con gran cantidad de caballos y carros. 5Todos estos reyes se reunieron, y fueron y acamparon juntos al lado de las aguas de Merom, para combatir contra Israel. 6Pero Jehovah dijo a Josué: —No tengas temor de ellos, porque mañana a esta hora yo entregaré muertos a todos ellos, delante de Israel. Desjarretarás sus caballos y quemarás sus carros. 7Entonces Josué y toda la gente de guerra con él fueron y cayeron de repente sobre ellos al lado de las aguas de Merom. 8Jehovah los entregó en mano de los israelitas, quienes los derrotaron y los persiguieron hasta la gran Sidón, hasta Misrefot-maim y hasta el valle de Mizpa al oriente. Y los mató, hasta no dejarles sobrevivientes. 9Josué hizo con ellos como Jehovah le había mandado: Desjarretó sus caballos y quemó sus carros. 10En aquel tiempo Josué volvió y tomó Hazor, y mató a espada a su rey. Hazor había sido antes la capital de todos estos reinos. 11Mataron a espada a todo cuanto tenía vida en ella, destruyendo y no dejando nada vivo. E incendió a Hazor. 12Asimismo, Josué tomó todas las ciudades de estos reyes, y a todos sus reyes. Los mató a espada y los destruyó, como lo había mandado Moisés, siervo de Jehovah. 13Pero Israel no incendió ninguna de las ciudades que estaban sobre sus montículos de ruinas, excepto Hazor, la cual Josué sí incendió. 14Los hijos de Israel tomaron para sí todo el botín de estas ciudades junto con el ganado, pero mataron a espada a todos los hombres hasta destruirlos, sin dejar uno solo vivo. 15De la manera que Jehovah había mandado a su siervo Moisés, así mandó Moisés a Josué, y así lo hizo Josué, sin omitir nada de todo lo que Jehovah había mandado a Moisés. 16Así tomó Josué toda esta tierra: la región montañosa, todo el Néguev, toda la tierra de Gosén, la Sefela, el Arabá, la región montañosa de Israel y sus laderas, 17desde el monte Halac que sube hasta Seír, hasta Baal-gad, en el valle del Líbano, a las faldas del monte Hermón. Capturó a todos sus reyes, los hirió y los mató. 18Por mucho tiempo Josué tuvo guerra con todos estos reyes. 19No hubo ciudad que hiciese la paz con los hijos de Israel, excepto los heveos que moraban en Gabaón. Todo el resto lo tomaron en batalla. 20Esto provenía de Jehovah, quien endurecía el corazón de ellos, para que resistiesen con la guerra a Israel, a fin de que fueran destruidos sin que se les tuviese misericordia; para que fuesen desarraigados, como Jehovah había mandado a Moisés. 21Por aquel tiempo Josué fue y destruyó a los anaquitas de la región montañosa de Hebrón, de Debir y de Anab, y de toda la región montañosa de Judá y de toda la de Israel. Josué los destruyó a ellos con sus ciudades. 22Ninguno de los anaquitas quedó en la tierra de los hijos de Israel. Sólo quedaron algunos en Gaza, en Gat y en Asdod. 23Así tomó Josué toda la tierra, conforme a todo lo que Jehovah había dicho a Moisés. Josué la entregó como heredad a Israel, conforme a la distribución de sus tribus. Y la tierra reposó de la guerra.
Jamieson Fausset Brown Bible Commentary 1 DIVERS KINGS OVERCOME AT THE WATERS OF MEROM. (
Josh 11:1-
Josh 11:9)
And it came to pass, when Jabin king of Hazor had heard those things--The scene of the sacred narrative is here shifted to the north of Canaan, where a still more extensive confederacy was formed among the ruling powers to oppose the further progress of the Israelites. Jabin ("the Intelligent"), which seems to have been a hereditary title (
Judg 4:2), took the lead, from Hazor being the capital of the northern region (
Josh 11:10). It was situated on the borders of lake Merom. The other cities mentioned must have been in the vicinity though their exact position is unknown.
2 the kings that were on the north of the mountains--the Anti-libanus district.
the plains south of Chinneroth--the northern part of the Arabah, or valley of the Jordan.
the valley--the low and level country, including the plain of Sharon.
borders of Dor on the west--the highlands of Dor, reaching to the town of Dor on the Mediterranean coast, below mount Carmel.
3 the Canaanites on the east and on the west--a particular branch of the Canaanitish population who occupied the western bank of the Jordan as far northward as the Sea of Galilee, and also the coasts of the Mediterranean Sea.
under Hermon--now Jebel-es-sheikh. It was the northern boundary of Canaan on the east of the Jordan.
land of Mizpeh--now Cślo-Syria.
4 they went out, . . . as the sand that is upon the sea-shore in multitude--The chiefs of these several tribes were summoned by Jabin, being all probably tributary to the kingdom of Hazor. Their combined forces, according to JOSEPHUS, amounted to three hundred thousand infantry, ten thousand cavalry, and twenty thousand war chariots.
with horses and chariots very many--The war chariots were probably like those of Egypt, made of wood, but nailed and tipped with iron. These appear for the first time in the Canaanite war, to aid this last determined struggle against the invaders; and "it was the use of these which seems to have fixed the place of rendezvous by the lake Merom (now Huleh), along whose level shores they could have full play for their force." A host so formidable in numbers, as well as in military equipments, was sure to alarm and dispirit the Israelites. Joshua, therefore, was favored with a renewal of the divine promise of victory (
Josh 11:6), and thus encouraged, he, in the full confidence of faith, set out to face the enemy.
6 to-morrow, about this time will I deliver them up all slain before Israel--As it was impossible to have marched from Gilgal to Merom in one day, we must suppose Joshua already moving northward and within a day's distance of the Canaanite camp, when the Lord gave him this assurance of success. With characteristic energy he made a sudden advance, probably during the night, and fell upon them like a thunderbolt, when scattered along the rising grounds (Septuagint), before they had time to rally on the plain. In the sudden panic "the Lord delivered them into the hand of Israel, who smote them, and chased them." The rout was complete; some went westward, over the mountains, above the gorge of the Leontes, to Sidon and Misrephothmaim ("glass-smelting houses"), in the neighborhood, and others eastward to the plain of Mizpeh.
8 they left none remaining--of those whom they overtook. All those who fell into their hands alive were slain.
9 Joshua did unto them as the Lord bade him--(See
Josh 11:6). Houghing the horses is done by cutting the sinews and arteries of their hinder legs, so that they not only become hopelessly lame, but bleed to death. The reasons for this special command were that the Lord designed to lead the Israelites to trust in Him, not in military resources (
Ps 20:7); to show that in the land of promise there was no use of horses; and, finally, to discourage their travelling as they were to be an agricultural, not a trading, people.
11 he burnt Hazor with fire--calmly and deliberately, doubtless, according to divine direction.
13 as for the cities that stood still in their strength--literally, "on their heaps." It was a Phśnician custom to build cities on heights, natural or artificial [HENGSTENBERG].
16 So Joshua took all that land--Here follows a general view of the conquest. The division of the country there into five parts; namely, the hills, the land of Goshen, that is, a pastoral land near Gibeon (
Josh 10:41); the valley, the plains and the mountains of Israel, i. e., Carmel, rests upon a diversity of geographical positions, which is characteristic of the region.
17 from the mount Halak--Hebrew, "the smooth mountain."
that goeth up to Seir--an irregular line of white naked hills, about eighty feet high, and seven or eight geographical miles in length that cross the whole Ghor, eight miles south of the Dead Sea, probably "the ascent of Akrabbim" [ROBINSON].
unto Baal-gad in the valley of Lebanon--the city or temple of the god of destiny, in Baalbec.
23 Joshua took the whole land--The battle of the take of Merom was to the north what the battle of Beth-horon was to the south; more briefly told and less complete in its consequences; but still the decisive conflict by which the whole northern region of Canaan fell into the hands of Israel [STANLEY].