1And it happened, when all the nation had completely crossed over the Jordan, Jehovah spoke to Joshua, saying, 2Take twelve men for you out of the people, one man of each tribe. 3And charge them, saying, Take twelve stones from this place, from the middle of the Jordan, from the place where the feet of the priests were fixed. And you shall carry them over with you and lay them down in the lodging place which you stay in it tonight. 4And Joshua called to the twelve men whom he had readied from the sons of Israel, one man out of each tribe. 5And Joshua said to them, Cross over before the ark of Jehovah your God to the middle of the Jordan, and each man of you lift up one stone on his shoulder, according to the number of the tribes of the sons of Israel, 6that this shall be a sign among you, when your children ask hereafter, saying, What are these stones to you? 7You shall say to them, Because the waters of the Jordan were cut off before the ark of the covenant of Jehovah, as it crossed over into the Jordan, the waters of the Jordan were cut off. And these stones are for a memorial to the sons of Israel all the days. 8And the sons of Israel did as Joshua commanded, and took up twelve stones out of the middle of the Jordan, as Jehovah had spoken to Joshua, according to the number of the tribes of the sons of Israel, and crossed over with them to the lodging place, and laid them down there; 9even the twelve stones that Joshua lifted up in the middle of the Jordan, in the place where the feet of the priests bearing the ark of the covenant stood firm. And they are there until this day. 10And the priests bearing the ark were standing in the middle of the Jordan until everything was finished that Jehovah had commanded Joshua to speak to the people, according to all that Moses commanded Joshua. And the people hastened and crossed over. 11And it happened, when the people had finished crossing over, the ark of Jehovah and the priests crossed over before the people. 12And the sons of Reuben, and the sons of Gad, and the half tribe of Manasseh crossed over in battle array before the sons of Israel, as Moses had spoken to them; 13about forty thousand armed men of the army crossed over before Jehovah for battle, to the plains of Jericho. 14In that day Jehovah made Joshua great in the sight of all Israel. And they feared him all the days of his life, even as they feared Moses. 15And Jehovah spoke to Joshua, saying, 16Order the priests who carry the ark of the testimony, that they rise out of the Jordan. 17And Joshua commanded the priests, saying, Rise out of the Jordan. 18And it happened when the priests who bore the ark of the covenant of Jehovah had come up out of the midst of the Jordan, and the soles of the feet of the priests had been lifted to the dry land, the waters of the Jordan returned to their place, and flowed over all its banks, as before. 19And the people came up out of the Jordan on the tenth of the first month, and camped in Gilgal, in the east border of Jericho. 20And the twelve stones which they took out of the Jordan were raised up in Gilgal by Joshua. 21And he spoke to the sons of Israel, saying, When your sons ask their fathers hereafter, saying, What do these stones mean? 22Then you shall make your sons know, saying, Israel came over this Jordan on dry land, 23because Jehovah your God dried up the waters of the Jordan before you, until you crossed over, as Jehovah your God did to the Sea of Reeds, which He dried up before you until we crossed over; 24so that all the people of the land shall know that the hand of Jehovah is strong, so that you may fear Jehovah your God all the days.
Jamieson Fausset Brown Bible Commentary 1 TWELVE STONES TAKEN FOR A MEMORIAL OUT OF JORDAN. (
Josh 4:1-
Josh 4:8)
the Lord spake unto Joshua, Take you twelve men--each representing a tribe. They had been previously chosen for this service (
Josh 3:12), and the repetition of the command is made here solely to introduce the account of its execution. Though Joshua had been divinely instructed to erect a commemorative pile, the representatives were not apprised of the work they were to do till the time of the passage.
4 Joshua called the twelve men--They had probably, from a feeling of reverence, kept back, and were standing on the eastern bank. They were now ordered to advance. Picking up each a stone, probably as large as he could carry, from around the spot "where the priests stood," they pass over before the ark and deposit the stones in the place of next encampment (
Josh 4:19-
Josh 4:20), namely, Gilgal.
6 That this may be a sign among you--The erection of cairns, or huge piles of stones, as monuments of remarkable incidents has been common among all people, especially in the early and rude periods of their history. They are the established means of perpetuating the memory of important transactions, especially among the nomadic people of the East. Although there be no inscription engraved on them, the history and object of such simple monuments are traditionally preserved from age to age. Similar was the purpose contemplated by the conveyance of the twelve stones to Gilgal: it was that they might be a standing record to posterity of the miraculous passage of the Jordan.
8 the children of Israel did so as Joshua commanded--that is, it was done by their twelve representatives.
9 TWELVE STONES SET UP IN THE MIDST OF JORDAN. (
Josh 4:9)
Joshua set up twelve stones . . . in the place where the feet of the priests . . . stood--In addition to the memorial just described, there was another memento of the miraculous event, a duplicate of the former, set up in the river itself, on the very spot where the ark had rested. This heap of stones might have been a large and compactly built one and visible in the ordinary state of the river. As nothing is said where these stones were obtained, some have imagined that they might have been gathered in the adjoining fields and deposited by the people as they passed the appointed spot.
they are there unto this day--at least twenty years after the event, if we reckon by the date of this history (
Josh 24:26), and much later, if the words in the latter clause were inserted by Samuel or Ezra.
10 THE PEOPLE PASS OVER. (
Josh 4:10-
Josh 4:13)
the priests which bare the ark stood in the midst of Jordan--This position was well calculated to animate the people, who probably crossed below the ark, as well as to facilitate Joshua's execution of the minutest instructions respecting the passage (
Num 27:21-
Num 27:23). The unfaltering confidence of the priests contrasts strikingly with the conduct of the people, who "hasted and passed over." Their faith, like that of many of God's people, was, through the weakness of nature, blended with fears. But perhaps their "haste" may be viewed in a more favorable light, as indicating the alacrity of their obedience, or it might have been enjoined in order that the the whole multitude might pass in one day.
11 the ark of the Lord passed over, and the priests, in the presence of the people--The ark is mentioned as the efficient cause; it had been the first to move--it was the last to leave--and its movements arrested the deep attention of the people, who probably stood on the opposite bank, wrapt in admiration and awe of this closing scene. It was a great miracle, greater even than the passage of the Red Sea in this respect: that, admitting the fact, there is no possibility of rationalistic insinuations as to the influence of natural causes in producing it, as have been made in the former case.
12 the children of Reuben . . . passed over armed before the children of Israel--There is no precedency to the other tribes indicated here; for there is no reason to suppose that the usual order of march was departed from; but these are honorably mentioned to show that, in pursuance of their promise (
Josh 1:16-
Josh 1:18), they had sent a complement of fighting men to accompany their brethren in the war of invasion.
13 to the plains of Jericho--That part of the Arabah or Ghor, on the west, is about seven miles broad from the Jordan to the mountain entrance at Wady-Kelt. Though now desert, this valley was in ancient times richly covered with wood. An immense palm forest, seven miles long, surrounded Jericho.
14 GOD MAGNIFIES JOSHUA. (
Josh 4:14-
Josh 4:24)
On that day the Lord magnified Joshua in the sight of all Israel--It appeared clear from the chief part he acted, that he was the divinely appointed leader; for even the priests did not enter the river or quit their position, except at his command; and thenceforward his authority was as firmly established as that of his predecessor.
18 it came to pass, when the priests that bare the ark . . . were come out of the midst of Jordan . . . that the waters of Jordan returned unto their place--Their crossing, which was the final act, completed the evidence of the miracle; for then, and not till then, the suspended laws of nature were restored, the waters returned to their place, and the river flowed with as full a current as before.
19 the people came up out of Jordan on the tenth day of the first month--that is, the month Nisan, four days before the passover, and the very day when the paschal lamb required to be set apart, the providence of God having arranged that the entrance into the promised land should be at the feast.
and encamped in Gilgal--The name is here given by anticipation (see on
Josh 5:9). It was a tract of land, according to JOSEPHUS, fifty stadia (six and one-half miles) from Jordan, and ten stadia (one and one-fourth miles) from Jericho, at the eastern outskirts of the palm forest, now supposed to be the spot occupied by the village Riha.
20 those twelve stones, which they took out of Jordan, did Joshua pitch in Gilgal--Probably to render them more conspicuous, they might be raised on a foundation of earth or turf. The pile was designed to serve a double purpose--that of impressing the heathen with a sense of the omnipotence of God, while at the same time it would teach an important lesson in religion to the young and rising Israelites in after ages.