1[1] Pero los hijos de Israel cometieron una infidelidad en cuanto al anatema, porque Acán hijo de Carmi hijo de Zabdi, hijo de Zera, de la tribu de Judá, tomó algo del anatema,[2] y la ira de Jehová se encendió contra los hijos de Israel. 2Después Josué envió unos hombres desde Jericó a Hai,[3] que estaba junto a Bet-avén,[4] hacia el oriente de Bet-el, y les dijo: "Subid a reconocer la tierra". Ellos subieron y reconocieron a Hai. 3Al volver, dijeron a Josué: "Que no suba todo el pueblo; dos mil o tres mil hombres tomarán a Hai. No fatigues a todo el pueblo yendo allí, porque son pocos". 4Subieron allá del pueblo como tres mil hombres, los cuales huyeron delante de los de Hai. 5Los de Hai les mataron a unos treinta y seis hombres, los persiguieron desde la puerta hasta Sebarim[5] y los derrotaron en la bajada, por lo cual el corazón del pueblo desfalleció y se volvió como agua. 6Entonces Josué rompió sus vestidos y se postró en tierra sobre su rostro delante del Arca de Jehová hasta caer la tarde, junto con los ancianos de Israel, y se echaron polvo sobre sus cabezas.[6] 7Josué decía: --¡Ah, Señor Jehová! ¿Por qué hiciste pasar a este pueblo el Jordán, para entregarnos en manos de los amorreos y que nos destruyan? ¡Ojalá nos hubiéramos quedado al otro lado del Jordán! 8¡Ay, Señor! ¿qué diré, ahora que Israel le ha vuelto la espalda a sus enemigos? 9Porque los cananeos y todos los habitantes de la tierra se enterarán, nos rodearán y borrarán nuestro nombre de encima de la tierra. ¿Qué harás tú entonces por tu gran nombre?[7] 10Jehová respondió a Josué: --¡Levántate! ¿Por qué te postras así sobre tu rostro? 11Israel ha pecado, y aun han quebrantado mi pacto, el que yo les mandé. También han tomado algo del anatema,[8] y hasta lo han robado, han mentido, y aun lo han guardado entre sus enseres. 12Por esto los hijos de Israel no podrán hacer frente a sus enemigos, sino que delante de sus enemigos volverán la espalda, por cuanto han venido a ser anatema. No estaré más con vosotros si no hacéis desaparecer el anatema de en medio de vosotros. 13Levántate, santifica al pueblo y di: "Santificaos[9] para mañana, porque Jehová, el Dios de Israel, dice así: Anatema hay en medio de ti, Israel; no podrás hacer frente a tus enemigos, hasta que hayáis quitado el anatema de en medio de vosotros ". 14Os acercaréis, pues, mañana por tribus; la tribu que Jehová señale, se acercará por familias; la familia que Jehová señale, se acercará por casas paternas, y la casa que Jehová señale, se acercará hombre por hombre. 15El que sea sorprendido en posesión del anatema, será quemado, él y todo lo que tiene, por cuanto ha quebrantado el pacto de Jehová y ha cometido una infamia en Israel. 16Josué, pues, levantándose de mañana, hizo acercar a Israel por tribus, y fue designada la tribu de Judá. 17Hizo acercar a la tribu de Judá, y fue designada la familia de los de Zera;[10] luego hizo que se acercaran las familias de los de Zera, y fue designado Zabdi. 18Hizo acercar su casa hombre por hombre, y fue designado Acán hijo de Carmi hijo de Zabdi, hijo de Zera, de la tribu de Judá. 19Entonces Josué dijo a Acán: --Hijo mío, da gloria a Jehová, el Dios de Israel, dale alabanza y declárame ahora lo que has hecho; no me lo encubras. 20Acán respondió a Josué: --Verdaderamente yo he pecado contra Jehová, el Dios de Israel; he hecho así y así. 21Pues yo vi entre los despojos un manto babilónico[11] muy bueno, doscientos siclos de plata y un lingote de oro de cincuenta siclos de peso, lo cual codicié y tomé. Ahora está escondido bajo tierra en medio de mi tienda, y el dinero está debajo. 22Entonces Josué envió mensajeros, los cuales fueron corriendo a la tienda, y en efecto, todo estaba escondido en su tienda, y el dinero debajo. 23Lo tomaron de la tienda y lo llevaron ante Josué y todos los hijos de Israel, y lo pusieron delante de Jehová. 24Entonces Josué, junto con todo Israel, tomaron a Acán hijo de Zera, el dinero, el manto, el lingote de oro, sus hijos, sus hijas, sus bueyes, sus asnos, sus ovejas, su tienda y todo cuanto tenía, y lo llevaron todo al valle de Acor. 25Allí le dijo Josué: --¿Por qué nos has turbado? Que Jehová te turbe en este día. Y todos los israelitas los apedrearon,[12] y los quemaron después de apedrearlos. 26Sobre él levantaron un gran montón de piedras[13] que permanece hasta hoy. Así Jehová se calmó del ardor de su ira. Por eso aquel lugar se llama el valle de Acor,[14] hasta hoy.
Jamieson Fausset Brown Bible Commentary 1 ACHAN'S TRESPASS. (
Josh 7:1)
the children of Israel committed a trespass in the accursed thing--There was one transgressor against the cherem, or ban, on Jericho, and his transgression brought the guilt and disgrace of sin upon the whole nation.
Achan--called afterwards "Achar" ("trouble") (
1Chr 2:7).
Zabdi--or Zimri (
1Chr 2:6).
Zerah--or Zarah, son of Judah and Tamar (
Gen 38:30). His genealogy is given probably to show that from a parentage so infamous the descendants would not be carefully trained in the fear of God.
2 THE ISRAELITES SMITTEN AT AI. (Jos. 7:2-26)
Joshua sent men from Jericho to Ai--After the sacking of Jericho, the next step was to penetrate into the hills above. Accordingly, spies went up the mountain pass to view the country. The precise site of Ai, or Hai, is indicated with sufficient clearness (
Gen 12:8;
Gen 13:3) and has been recently discovered in an isolated tell, called by the natives Tell-el-Hajar, "the mount of stones," at two miles', or thirty-five minutes' distance, east southeast from Beth-el [VAN DE VELDE].
Beth-aven--("house of vanity")--a name afterwards given derisively (
Hos 4:15;
Hos 5:8;
Hos 10:5), on account of its idolatries, to Beth-el, "house of God," but here referred to another place, about six miles east of Beth-el and three north of Ai.
3 Let not all the people go up, . . . for they are but few--As the population of Ai amounted to twelve thousand (
Josh 8:25), it was a considerable town; though in the hasty and distant reconnoitre made by the spies, it probably appeared small in comparison to Jericho; and this may have been the reason for their proposing so small a detachment to capture it.
4 they fled before the men of Ai--An unexpected resistance, and the loss of thirty-six of their number diffused a panic, which ended in an ignominious rout.
5 chased them from before the gate even unto Shebarim--that is, unto the "breakings" or "fissures" at the opening of the passes.
and smote them in the going down--that is, the declivity or slope of the deep, rugged, adjoining wady.
wherefore the hearts of the people melted, and became as water--It is evident that the troops engaged were a tumultuary, undisciplined band, no better skilled in military affairs than the Bedouin Arabs, who become disheartened and flee on the loss of ten or fifteen men. But the consternation of the Israelites arose from another cause--the evident displeasure of God, who withheld that aid on which they had confidently reckoned.
6 Joshua rent his clothes, and fell to the earth . . . before the ark . . . he and the elders--It is evident, from those tokens of humiliation and sorrow, that a solemn fast was observed on this occasion. The language of Joshua's prayer is thought by many to savor of human infirmity and to be wanting in that reverence and submission he owed to God. But, although apparently breathing a spirit of bold remonstrance and complaint, it was in reality the effusion of a deeply humbled and afflicted mind, expressing his belief that God could not, after having so miraculously brought His people over Jordan into the promised land, intend to destroy them, to expose them to the insults of their triumphant enemies, and bring reproach upon His own name for inconstancy or unkindness to His people, or inability to resist their enemies. Unable to understand the cause of the present calamity, he owned the hand of God.
10 the Lord said unto Joshua, Get thee up--The answer of the divine oracle was to this effect: the crisis is owing not to unfaithfulness in Me, but sin in the people. The conditions of the covenant have been violated by the reservation of spoil from the doomed city; wickedness, emphatically called folly, has been committed in Israel (
Ps 14:1), and dissimulation, with other aggravations of the crime, continues to be practised. The people are liable to destruction equally with the accursed nations of Canaan (
Deut 7:26). Means must, without delay, be taken to discover and punish the perpetrator of this trespass that Israel may be released from the ban, and things be restored to their former state of prosperity.
16 So Joshua rose up early, and brought Israel by their tribes--that is, before the tabernacle. The lot being appealed to (
Pro 16:33), he proceeded in the inquiry from heads of tribes to heads of families, and from heads of households in succession to one family, and to particular persons in that family, until the criminal was found to be Achan, who, on Joshua's admonition, confessed the fact of having secreted for his own use, in the floor of his tent, spoil both in garments and money [
Josh 7:19-
Josh 7:21]. How dreadful must have been his feelings when he saw the slow but certain process of discovery! (
Num 32:23).
19 Joshua said unto Achan, My son, give . . . glory to God--a form of adjuration to tell the truth.
21 a goodly Babylonish garment--literally, "a mantle of Shinar." The plain of Shinar was in early times celebrated for its gorgeous robes, which were of brilliant and various colors, generally arranged in figured patterns, probably resembling those of modern Turkish carpets, and the colors were either interwoven in the loom or embroidered with the needle.
two hundred shekels of silver--equivalent to Ł22 10s. sterling, according to the old Mosaic shekel, or the half of that sum, reckoning by the common shekel.
a wedge of gold--literally, an ingot or bar in the shape of a tongue.
22 Joshua sent messengers, and they ran unto the tent--from impatient eagerness not only to test the truth of the story, but to clear Israel from the imputation of guilt. Having discovered the stolen articles, they laid them out before the Lord, "as a token of their belonging to Him" on account of the ban.
24 Joshua, and all Israel with him, took Achan--He with his children and all his property, cattle as well as movables, were brought into one of the long broad ravines that open into the Ghor, and after being stoned to death (
Num 15:30-
Num 15:35), his corpse, with all belonging to him, was consumed to ashes by fire. "All Israel" was present, not only as spectators, but active agents, as many as possible, in inflicting the punishment--thus testifying their abhorrence of the sacrilege, and their intense solicitude to regain the divine favor. As the divine law expressly forbade the children to be put to death for their father's sins (
Deut 24:16), the conveyance of Achan's "sons and daughters" to the place of execution might be only as spectators, that they might take warning by the parental fate; or, if they shared his punishment (
Josh 22:20), they had probably been accomplices in his crime, and, indeed, he could scarcely have dug a hole within his tent without his family being aware of it.
26 they raised over him a great heap of stones--It is customary to raise cairns over the graves of criminals or infamous persons in the East still.
the name of that place was called, The valley of Achor--("trouble"),
unto this day--So painful an episode would give notoriety to the spot, and it is more than once noted by the sacred writers of a later age (
Isa 65:10;
Hos 2:15).