1Cependant les enfants d'Israël commirent un grand péché au sujet de l'interdit. Acan, fils de Carmi, fils de Zabdi, fils de Zérach, de la tribu de Juda, prit de l'interdit, et la colère de YEHOVAH s'enflamma contre les enfants d'Israël. 2Josué envoya de Jérico des hommes vers Aï, qui est près de Beth-Aven, à l'orient de Béthel, et leur parla, en disant: Montez et explorez le pays. Ces hommes montèrent donc et explorèrent Aï. 3Puis ils revinrent vers Josué, et lui dirent: Que tout le peuple n'y monte point, et qu'environ deux ou trois mille hommes y montent, et ils battront Aï. Ne fatigue pas là tout le peuple; car ils sont peu nombreux. 4Environ trois mille hommes du peuple y montèrent donc; mais ils s'enfuirent devant les gens d'Aï. 5Et les gens d'Aï en tuèrent environ trente-six hommes; ils les poursuivirent depuis la porte jusqu'à Shebarim, et les battirent à la descente. Et le cœur du peuple se fondit et devint comme de l'eau. 6Et Josué déchira ses vêtements, et tomba le visage contre terre, devant l'arche de YEHOVAH, jusqu'au soir, lui et les anciens d'Israël, et ils jetèrent de la poussière sur leur tête. 7Et Josué dit: Ah! Seigneur YEHOVAH, pourquoi as-tu fait passer le Jourdain à ce peuple, pour nous livrer entre les mains de l'Amoréen, pour nous faire périr? Oh! que n'avons-nous pris le parti de demeurer au delà du Jourdain! 8Hélas! Seigneur, que dirai-je, après qu'Israël a tourné le dos devant ses ennemis? 9Les Cananéens et tous les habitants du pays l'apprendront; ils nous envelopperont; ils retrancheront notre nom de la terre; et que feras-tu pour ton grand nom? 10Alors YEHOVAH dit à Josué: Lève-toi! Pourquoi es-tu ainsi étendu, le visage contre terre? 11Israël a péché; ils ont même transgressé mon alliance, que je leur avais prescrite, et ils ont pris de l'interdit; ils en ont dérobé, et ont menti, et ils l'ont mis dans leurs bagages. 12C'est pourquoi les enfants d'Israël ne pourront pas subsister devant leurs ennemis; ils tourneront le dos devant leurs ennemis, car ils sont tombés en interdit. Je ne serai plus avec vous, si vous n'exterminez l'interdit du milieu de vous. 13Lève-toi, sanctifie le peuple, et dis: Sanctifiez-vous pour demain; car ainsi a dit YEHOVAH, le Dieu d'Israël: Il y a de l'interdit au milieu de toi, ô Israël; tu ne pourras pas subsister devant tes ennemis, jusqu'à ce que vous ayez ôté l'interdit du milieu de vous. 14Vous vous approcherez donc, le matin, selon vos tribus; et la tribu que YEHOVAH saisira s'approchera par familles; et la famille que YEHOVAH saisira s'approchera par maisons; et la maison que YEHOVAH saisira s'approchera par hommes. 15Et celui qui aura été saisi, ayant de l'interdit, sera brûlé au feu, lui et tout ce qui est à lui, parce qu'il a transgressé l'alliance de YEHOVAH, et qu'il a commis une infamie en Israël. 16Josué se leva donc de bon matin, et fit approcher Israël selon ses tribus, et la tribu de Juda fut saisie. 17Puis il fit approcher les familles de Juda, et la famille des descendants de Zérach fut saisie. Puis il fit approcher la famille des descendants de Zérach, par hommes, et Zabdi fut saisi. 18Et il fit approcher sa maison par hommes, et Acan, fils de Carmi, fils de Zabdi, fils de Zérach, de la tribu de Juda, fut saisi. 19Alors Josué dit à Acan: Mon fils, donne gloire à YEHOVAH, le Dieu d'Israël, et rends-lui hommage. Déclare-moi, je te prie, ce que tu as fait; ne me le cache point. 20Et Acan répondit à Josué, et dit: C'est vrai, j'ai péché contre YEHOVAH, le Dieu d'Israël; et voici ce que j'ai fait. 21J'ai vu dans le butin un beau manteau de Shinear, et deux cents sicles d'argent, et un lingot d'or du poids de cinquante sicles; je les ai convoités et pris; et voici, ces choses sont cachées dans la terre, au milieu de ma tente, et l'argent est dessous. 22Alors Josué envoya des messagers qui coururent à la tente; et voici, le manteau était caché dans sa tente, et l'argent était dessous. 23Ils les prirent donc du milieu de la tente, et les apportèrent à Josué et à tous les enfants d'Israël, et les déposèrent devant YEHOVAH. 24Alors Josué, et tout Israël avec lui, prirent Acan, fils de Zérach, l'argent, le manteau, le lingot d'or, ses fils et ses filles, ses bœufs, ses ânes, ses brebis, sa tente, et tout ce qui était à lui; et ils les firent monter dans la vallée d'Acor. 25Et Josué dit: Pourquoi nous as-tu troublés? YEHOVAH te troublera aujourd'hui. Et tous les Israélites l'assommèrent de pierres. Ils les brûlèrent au feu, et ils les lapidèrent. 26Et ils élevèrent sur lui un grand monceau de pierres, qui a subsisté jusqu'à ce jour. Et YEHOVAH revint de l'ardeur de sa colère. C'est pourquoi on a nommé ce lieu-là, la vallée d'Acor (du trouble), jusqu'à aujourd'hui.
Jamieson Fausset Brown Bible Commentary 1 ACHAN'S TRESPASS. (
Josh 7:1)
the children of Israel committed a trespass in the accursed thing--There was one transgressor against the cherem, or ban, on Jericho, and his transgression brought the guilt and disgrace of sin upon the whole nation.
Achan--called afterwards "Achar" ("trouble") (
1Chr 2:7).
Zabdi--or Zimri (
1Chr 2:6).
Zerah--or Zarah, son of Judah and Tamar (
Gen 38:30). His genealogy is given probably to show that from a parentage so infamous the descendants would not be carefully trained in the fear of God.
2 THE ISRAELITES SMITTEN AT AI. (Jos. 7:2-26)
Joshua sent men from Jericho to Ai--After the sacking of Jericho, the next step was to penetrate into the hills above. Accordingly, spies went up the mountain pass to view the country. The precise site of Ai, or Hai, is indicated with sufficient clearness (
Gen 12:8;
Gen 13:3) and has been recently discovered in an isolated tell, called by the natives Tell-el-Hajar, "the mount of stones," at two miles', or thirty-five minutes' distance, east southeast from Beth-el [VAN DE VELDE].
Beth-aven--("house of vanity")--a name afterwards given derisively (
Hos 4:15;
Hos 5:8;
Hos 10:5), on account of its idolatries, to Beth-el, "house of God," but here referred to another place, about six miles east of Beth-el and three north of Ai.
3 Let not all the people go up, . . . for they are but few--As the population of Ai amounted to twelve thousand (
Josh 8:25), it was a considerable town; though in the hasty and distant reconnoitre made by the spies, it probably appeared small in comparison to Jericho; and this may have been the reason for their proposing so small a detachment to capture it.
4 they fled before the men of Ai--An unexpected resistance, and the loss of thirty-six of their number diffused a panic, which ended in an ignominious rout.
5 chased them from before the gate even unto Shebarim--that is, unto the "breakings" or "fissures" at the opening of the passes.
and smote them in the going down--that is, the declivity or slope of the deep, rugged, adjoining wady.
wherefore the hearts of the people melted, and became as water--It is evident that the troops engaged were a tumultuary, undisciplined band, no better skilled in military affairs than the Bedouin Arabs, who become disheartened and flee on the loss of ten or fifteen men. But the consternation of the Israelites arose from another cause--the evident displeasure of God, who withheld that aid on which they had confidently reckoned.
6 Joshua rent his clothes, and fell to the earth . . . before the ark . . . he and the elders--It is evident, from those tokens of humiliation and sorrow, that a solemn fast was observed on this occasion. The language of Joshua's prayer is thought by many to savor of human infirmity and to be wanting in that reverence and submission he owed to God. But, although apparently breathing a spirit of bold remonstrance and complaint, it was in reality the effusion of a deeply humbled and afflicted mind, expressing his belief that God could not, after having so miraculously brought His people over Jordan into the promised land, intend to destroy them, to expose them to the insults of their triumphant enemies, and bring reproach upon His own name for inconstancy or unkindness to His people, or inability to resist their enemies. Unable to understand the cause of the present calamity, he owned the hand of God.
10 the Lord said unto Joshua, Get thee up--The answer of the divine oracle was to this effect: the crisis is owing not to unfaithfulness in Me, but sin in the people. The conditions of the covenant have been violated by the reservation of spoil from the doomed city; wickedness, emphatically called folly, has been committed in Israel (
Ps 14:1), and dissimulation, with other aggravations of the crime, continues to be practised. The people are liable to destruction equally with the accursed nations of Canaan (
Deut 7:26). Means must, without delay, be taken to discover and punish the perpetrator of this trespass that Israel may be released from the ban, and things be restored to their former state of prosperity.
16 So Joshua rose up early, and brought Israel by their tribes--that is, before the tabernacle. The lot being appealed to (
Pro 16:33), he proceeded in the inquiry from heads of tribes to heads of families, and from heads of households in succession to one family, and to particular persons in that family, until the criminal was found to be Achan, who, on Joshua's admonition, confessed the fact of having secreted for his own use, in the floor of his tent, spoil both in garments and money [
Josh 7:19-
Josh 7:21]. How dreadful must have been his feelings when he saw the slow but certain process of discovery! (
Num 32:23).
19 Joshua said unto Achan, My son, give . . . glory to God--a form of adjuration to tell the truth.
21 a goodly Babylonish garment--literally, "a mantle of Shinar." The plain of Shinar was in early times celebrated for its gorgeous robes, which were of brilliant and various colors, generally arranged in figured patterns, probably resembling those of modern Turkish carpets, and the colors were either interwoven in the loom or embroidered with the needle.
two hundred shekels of silver--equivalent to Ł22 10s. sterling, according to the old Mosaic shekel, or the half of that sum, reckoning by the common shekel.
a wedge of gold--literally, an ingot or bar in the shape of a tongue.
22 Joshua sent messengers, and they ran unto the tent--from impatient eagerness not only to test the truth of the story, but to clear Israel from the imputation of guilt. Having discovered the stolen articles, they laid them out before the Lord, "as a token of their belonging to Him" on account of the ban.
24 Joshua, and all Israel with him, took Achan--He with his children and all his property, cattle as well as movables, were brought into one of the long broad ravines that open into the Ghor, and after being stoned to death (
Num 15:30-
Num 15:35), his corpse, with all belonging to him, was consumed to ashes by fire. "All Israel" was present, not only as spectators, but active agents, as many as possible, in inflicting the punishment--thus testifying their abhorrence of the sacrilege, and their intense solicitude to regain the divine favor. As the divine law expressly forbade the children to be put to death for their father's sins (
Deut 24:16), the conveyance of Achan's "sons and daughters" to the place of execution might be only as spectators, that they might take warning by the parental fate; or, if they shared his punishment (
Josh 22:20), they had probably been accomplices in his crime, and, indeed, he could scarcely have dug a hole within his tent without his family being aware of it.
26 they raised over him a great heap of stones--It is customary to raise cairns over the graves of criminals or infamous persons in the East still.
the name of that place was called, The valley of Achor--("trouble"),
unto this day--So painful an episode would give notoriety to the spot, and it is more than once noted by the sacred writers of a later age (
Isa 65:10;
Hos 2:15).