1Pero los hijos de Israel transgredieron con respecto al anatema. Acán hijo de Carmi, hijo de Zabdi, hijo de Zéraj, de la tribu de Judá, tomó del anatema; y la ira de Jehovah se encendió contra los hijos de Israel. 2Josué envió hombres desde Jericó hasta Hai, que estaba junto a Bet-avén, hacia el oriente de Betel, y les dijo: —Subid y reconoced la tierra. Ellos fueron y reconocieron Hai, 3y volviendo a Josué le dijeron: —No suba todo el pueblo. Suban sólo unos 2.000 o 3.000 hombres; ellos tomarán Hai. No fatigues a todo el pueblo allí, porque ellos son pocos. 4Fueron allá unos 3.000 hombres del pueblo, los cuales huyeron delante de los de Hai. 5Los hombres de Hai mataron de aquéllos a unos treinta y seis hombres y los persiguieron desde la puerta de la ciudad hasta Sebarim, donde los derrotaron en la bajada, de modo que el corazón del pueblo desfalleció y vino a ser como agua. 6Entonces Josué rasgó su ropa y se postró en tierra sobre su rostro delante del arca de Jehovah hasta el anochecer, él y los ancianos de Israel; y echaron polvo sobre sus cabezas. 7Entonces dijo Josué: —¡Ay, Señor Jehovah! ¿Por qué hiciste cruzar el Jordán a este pueblo, para entregarnos en mano de los amorreos, para que nos destruyan? ¡Ojalá hubiéramos decidido habitar al otro lado del Jordán! 8¡Oh, Señor! ¿Qué diré, puesto que Israel ha vuelto la espalda delante de sus enemigos? 9Los cananeos y todos los habitantes de la tierra lo oirán, nos rodearán y borrarán nuestro nombre de la tierra. Entonces, ¿qué harás tú por tu gran nombre? 10Jehovah dijo a Josué: —Levántate. ¿Por qué te postras así sobre tu rostro? 11Israel ha pecado. Han quebrantado mi pacto que yo les había mandado. Han tomado del anatema, han robado, han mentido y lo han escondido entre sus enseres. 12Por esto los hijos de Israel no podrán prevalecer ante sus enemigos. Más bien, volverán la espalda ante sus enemigos, porque se han convertido en anatema. Yo no estaré más con vosotros, si no destruís el anatema de en medio de vosotros. 13Levántate, purifica al pueblo y di: "Purificaos para mañana, porque Jehovah Dios de Israel dice así: ‘Anatema hay en medio de ti, oh Israel. No podréis prevalecer delante de vuestros enemigos hasta que hayáis quitado el anatema de en medio de vosotros.’" 14Os acercaréis, pues, mañana, por vuestras tribus. La tribu que Jehovah tome se acercará por sus clanes. El clan que Jehovah tome se acercará por sus familias. La familia que Jehovah tome se acercará por sus varones. 15El que sea descubierto con el anatema será quemado a fuego, él y todo lo suyo, porque ha quebrantado el pacto de Jehovah y ha cometido una vileza en Israel. 16Al levantarse Josué muy de mañana, hizo que se acercara Israel por sus tribus, y fue tomada la tribu de Judá. 17Al hacer que se acercara la tribu de Judá, fue tomado el clan de los hijos de Zéraj. Al hacer que se acercara el clan de los hijos de Zéraj, fue tomado Zabdi. 18Y al hacer que se acercaran los varones de su familia, fue tomado Acán hijo de Carmi, hijo de Zabdi, hijo de Zéraj, de la tribu de Judá. 19Entonces Josué dijo a Acán: —¡Hijo mío, por favor, da gloria y reconocimiento a Jehovah Dios de Israel, y declárame lo que has hecho! ¡No me lo encubras! 20Acán respondió a Josué diciendo: —Verdaderamente yo he pecado contra Jehovah Dios de Israel, y he hecho así y así: 21Vi entre el botín un manto babilónico muy bueno, 200 siclos de plata y un lingote de oro de 50 siclos de peso, lo cual codicié y tomé. Todo ello está escondido bajo tierra en medio de mi tienda, y el dinero está debajo de ello. 22Josué envió mensajeros que fueron corriendo a la tienda. Y he aquí, aquello estaba escondido allí en su tienda, y el dinero estaba debajo. 23Lo tomaron de la tienda y lo llevaron a Josué y a todos los hijos de Israel, y lo pusieron delante de Jehovah. 24Entonces Josué y todo Israel con él tomaron a Acán hijo de Zéraj, la plata, el manto, el lingote de oro, sus hijos, sus hijas, sus bueyes, sus asnos, sus ovejas, su tienda y todo lo que tenían; y los llevaron al valle de Acor. 25Y Josué dijo: —¿Por qué nos has ocasionado destrucción? ¡Jehovah te destruya a ti en este día! Todos los israelitas los apedrearon, y después de apedrearlos, los quemaron a fuego. 26Después levantaron sobre él un gran montón de piedras que permanece hasta el día de hoy. Así Jehovah se aplacó del ardor de su ira. Por eso se llama el nombre de aquel lugar valle de Acor, hasta el día de hoy.
Jamieson Fausset Brown Bible Commentary 1 ACHAN'S TRESPASS. (
Josh 7:1)
the children of Israel committed a trespass in the accursed thing--There was one transgressor against the cherem, or ban, on Jericho, and his transgression brought the guilt and disgrace of sin upon the whole nation.
Achan--called afterwards "Achar" ("trouble") (
1Chr 2:7).
Zabdi--or Zimri (
1Chr 2:6).
Zerah--or Zarah, son of Judah and Tamar (
Gen 38:30). His genealogy is given probably to show that from a parentage so infamous the descendants would not be carefully trained in the fear of God.
2 THE ISRAELITES SMITTEN AT AI. (Jos. 7:2-26)
Joshua sent men from Jericho to Ai--After the sacking of Jericho, the next step was to penetrate into the hills above. Accordingly, spies went up the mountain pass to view the country. The precise site of Ai, or Hai, is indicated with sufficient clearness (
Gen 12:8;
Gen 13:3) and has been recently discovered in an isolated tell, called by the natives Tell-el-Hajar, "the mount of stones," at two miles', or thirty-five minutes' distance, east southeast from Beth-el [VAN DE VELDE].
Beth-aven--("house of vanity")--a name afterwards given derisively (
Hos 4:15;
Hos 5:8;
Hos 10:5), on account of its idolatries, to Beth-el, "house of God," but here referred to another place, about six miles east of Beth-el and three north of Ai.
3 Let not all the people go up, . . . for they are but few--As the population of Ai amounted to twelve thousand (
Josh 8:25), it was a considerable town; though in the hasty and distant reconnoitre made by the spies, it probably appeared small in comparison to Jericho; and this may have been the reason for their proposing so small a detachment to capture it.
4 they fled before the men of Ai--An unexpected resistance, and the loss of thirty-six of their number diffused a panic, which ended in an ignominious rout.
5 chased them from before the gate even unto Shebarim--that is, unto the "breakings" or "fissures" at the opening of the passes.
and smote them in the going down--that is, the declivity or slope of the deep, rugged, adjoining wady.
wherefore the hearts of the people melted, and became as water--It is evident that the troops engaged were a tumultuary, undisciplined band, no better skilled in military affairs than the Bedouin Arabs, who become disheartened and flee on the loss of ten or fifteen men. But the consternation of the Israelites arose from another cause--the evident displeasure of God, who withheld that aid on which they had confidently reckoned.
6 Joshua rent his clothes, and fell to the earth . . . before the ark . . . he and the elders--It is evident, from those tokens of humiliation and sorrow, that a solemn fast was observed on this occasion. The language of Joshua's prayer is thought by many to savor of human infirmity and to be wanting in that reverence and submission he owed to God. But, although apparently breathing a spirit of bold remonstrance and complaint, it was in reality the effusion of a deeply humbled and afflicted mind, expressing his belief that God could not, after having so miraculously brought His people over Jordan into the promised land, intend to destroy them, to expose them to the insults of their triumphant enemies, and bring reproach upon His own name for inconstancy or unkindness to His people, or inability to resist their enemies. Unable to understand the cause of the present calamity, he owned the hand of God.
10 the Lord said unto Joshua, Get thee up--The answer of the divine oracle was to this effect: the crisis is owing not to unfaithfulness in Me, but sin in the people. The conditions of the covenant have been violated by the reservation of spoil from the doomed city; wickedness, emphatically called folly, has been committed in Israel (
Ps 14:1), and dissimulation, with other aggravations of the crime, continues to be practised. The people are liable to destruction equally with the accursed nations of Canaan (
Deut 7:26). Means must, without delay, be taken to discover and punish the perpetrator of this trespass that Israel may be released from the ban, and things be restored to their former state of prosperity.
16 So Joshua rose up early, and brought Israel by their tribes--that is, before the tabernacle. The lot being appealed to (
Pro 16:33), he proceeded in the inquiry from heads of tribes to heads of families, and from heads of households in succession to one family, and to particular persons in that family, until the criminal was found to be Achan, who, on Joshua's admonition, confessed the fact of having secreted for his own use, in the floor of his tent, spoil both in garments and money [
Josh 7:19-
Josh 7:21]. How dreadful must have been his feelings when he saw the slow but certain process of discovery! (
Num 32:23).
19 Joshua said unto Achan, My son, give . . . glory to God--a form of adjuration to tell the truth.
21 a goodly Babylonish garment--literally, "a mantle of Shinar." The plain of Shinar was in early times celebrated for its gorgeous robes, which were of brilliant and various colors, generally arranged in figured patterns, probably resembling those of modern Turkish carpets, and the colors were either interwoven in the loom or embroidered with the needle.
two hundred shekels of silver--equivalent to Ł22 10s. sterling, according to the old Mosaic shekel, or the half of that sum, reckoning by the common shekel.
a wedge of gold--literally, an ingot or bar in the shape of a tongue.
22 Joshua sent messengers, and they ran unto the tent--from impatient eagerness not only to test the truth of the story, but to clear Israel from the imputation of guilt. Having discovered the stolen articles, they laid them out before the Lord, "as a token of their belonging to Him" on account of the ban.
24 Joshua, and all Israel with him, took Achan--He with his children and all his property, cattle as well as movables, were brought into one of the long broad ravines that open into the Ghor, and after being stoned to death (
Num 15:30-
Num 15:35), his corpse, with all belonging to him, was consumed to ashes by fire. "All Israel" was present, not only as spectators, but active agents, as many as possible, in inflicting the punishment--thus testifying their abhorrence of the sacrilege, and their intense solicitude to regain the divine favor. As the divine law expressly forbade the children to be put to death for their father's sins (
Deut 24:16), the conveyance of Achan's "sons and daughters" to the place of execution might be only as spectators, that they might take warning by the parental fate; or, if they shared his punishment (
Josh 22:20), they had probably been accomplices in his crime, and, indeed, he could scarcely have dug a hole within his tent without his family being aware of it.
26 they raised over him a great heap of stones--It is customary to raise cairns over the graves of criminals or infamous persons in the East still.
the name of that place was called, The valley of Achor--("trouble"),
unto this day--So painful an episode would give notoriety to the spot, and it is more than once noted by the sacred writers of a later age (
Isa 65:10;
Hos 2:15).