1Aconteció que cuando oyeron estas cosas todos los reyes que estaban a este lado del Jordán, tanto en la región montañosa como en la Sefela y en toda la costa del mar Grande hasta el Líbano (heteos, amorreos, cananeos, ferezeos, heveos y jebuseos), 2se agruparon para combatir de común acuerdo contra Josué e Israel. 3Pero cuando los habitantes de Gabaón oyeron lo que Josué había hecho a Jericó y a Hai, 4usaron de astucia. Fueron y se proveyeron tomando sobre sus asnos costales viejos, odres de vino viejos, rotos y remendados, 5sandalias viejas y remendadas en sus pies, y ropa vieja sobre sí. Y todo el pan de que se habían provisto para el camino estaba seco y mohoso. 6Así fueron a Josué, al campamento en Gilgal, y le dijeron a él y a los hombres de Israel: —Nosotros venimos de una tierra lejana. Haced, pues, alianza con nosotros. 7Los hombres de Israel respondieron a los heveos: —Quizás vosotros habitáis en medio de nosotros. ¿Cómo, pues, podremos hacer alianza con vosotros? 8Ellos respondieron a Josué: —Nosotros somos tus siervos. Y Josué les preguntó: —¿Quiénes sois vosotros y de dónde venís? 9Ellos le respondieron: —Tus siervos hemos venido de tierras muy lejanas, a causa del renombre de Jehovah tu Dios. Porque hemos oído de su fama y de todas las cosas que hizo en Egipto, 10y de todo lo que hizo a los dos reyes de los amorreos que estaban al otro lado del Jordán: a Sejón rey de Hesbón, y a Og rey de Basán, que estaba en Astarot. 11Por eso nuestros ancianos y todos los habitantes de nuestra tierra nos hablaron diciendo: "Tomad en vuestras manos provisión para el camino, id al encuentro de ellos y decidles: ‘Nosotros somos vuestros siervos; por tanto, haced alianza con nosotros.’ 12Este pan nuestro estaba caliente cuando tomamos provisiones de nuestras casas para el camino, el día que salimos para venir a vosotros. He aquí que ahora ya está seco y mohoso. 13También estos odres estaban nuevos cuando los llenamos. He aquí que ahora ya están rotos. Y esta ropa nuestra y nuestras sandalias están ya viejas a causa del camino tan largo. 14Los hombres de Israel tomaron de sus provisiones, pero no consultaron a Jehovah. 15Entonces Josué hizo paz con ellos, e hizo una alianza con ellos de conservarles la vida. Los jefes de la congregación también se lo juraron. 16Y sucedió que tres días después de haber hecho alianza con ellos, se enteraron de que eran sus vecinos y que habitaban en medio de ellos. 17Entonces los hijos de Israel partieron, y al tercer día llegaron a las ciudades de ellos. Sus ciudades eran Gabaón, Cafira, Beerot y Quiriat-jearim. 18Pero los hijos de Israel no los mataron, porque los jefes de la congregación les habían jurado por Jehovah Dios de Israel. Por eso toda la congregación murmuraba contra los jefes. 19Y todos los jefes respondieron a toda la congregación: —Nosotros les hemos jurado por Jehovah Dios de Israel. Por eso ahora no les podemos tocar. 20Esto es lo que haremos con ellos: Los dejaremos que vivan, para que no venga sobre nosotros la ira a causa del juramento que les hemos hecho. 21—Además, los jefes les dijeron—: Dejadlos vivir. Así llegaron a ser cortadores de leña y portadores de agua para toda la congregación, como les habían dicho los jefes. 22Entonces, llamándolos Josué, les habló diciendo: —¿Por qué nos habéis engañado diciendo: "Habitamos muy lejos de vosotros," siendo así que habitáis en medio de nosotros? 23Ahora pues, vosotros sois malditos, y no faltarán de entre vosotros siervos, ni cortadores de leña, ni portadores de agua para la casa de mi Dios. 24Ellos respondieron a Josué y dijeron: —Porque tus siervos fueron bien informados de que Jehovah tu Dios había mandado a Moisés su siervo que os había de dar toda la tierra, y que habíais de destruir delante de vosotros a todos los habitantes del país. Por eso temimos mucho por nuestras vidas a causa de vosotros, e hicimos esto. 25Ahora pues, he aquí estamos en tu mano. Haz con nosotros lo que te parezca bueno y recto. 26Así hizo con ellos Josué: Los libró de la mano de los hijos de Israel, y no los mataron. 27Pero aquel día los destinó para ser cortadores de leña y portadores de agua para la congregación y para el altar de Jehovah, en el lugar que Jehovah eligiera, como lo son hasta el día de hoy.
Jamieson Fausset Brown Bible Commentary 1 THE KINGS COMBINE AGAINST ISRAEL. (Jos. 9:1-27)
all the kings which were on this side--that is, the western side of Jordan.
in the hills, and in ther valleys, and in all the coasts of the great sea--This threefold distinction marks out very clearly a large portion of Canaan. The first designates the hill country, which belonged afterwards to the tribes of Judah and Ephraim: the second, all the low country from Carmel to Gaza; and the third, the shores of the Mediterranean, from the Isthmus of Tyre to the plain of Joppa. (As for the tribes mentioned, see on
Num 13:29).
heard thereof--that is, of the sacking of Jericho and Ai, as well as the rapid advance of the Israelites into the interior of the country.
2 they gathered themselves together, to fight with Joshua and with Israel, with one accord--Although divided by separate interests and often at war with each other, a sense of common danger prompted them to suspend their mutual animosities, that by their united forces they might prevent the land from falling into the hands of foreign masters.
3 THE GIBEONITES OBTAIN A LEAGUE BY CRAFT. (
Josh 9:3-
Josh 9:15)
when the inhabitants of Gibeon heard--This town, as its name imports, was situated on a rocky eminence, about six miles northwest from Jerusalem, where the modern village of El Jib now stands. It was the capital of the Hivites, and a large important city (
Josh 10:2). It seems to have formed, in union with a few other towns in the neighborhood, a free independent state (
Josh 9:17) and to have enjoyed a republican government (
Josh 9:11).
4 They did work wilily--They acted with dexterous policy, seeking the means of self-preservation, not by force, which they were convinced would be unavailing, but by artful diplomacy.
took old sacks upon their asses--Travellers in the East transport their luggage on beasts of burden; the poorer sort stow all their necessaries, food, clothes, utensils together, in a woollen or hair-cloth sack, laid across the shoulders of the beast they ride upon.
wine bottles, old, and rent, and bound up--Goat-skins, which are better adapted for carrying liquor of any kind fresh and good, than either earthenware, which is porous, or metallic vessels, which are soon heated by the sun. These skin bottles are liable to be rent when old and much used; and there are various ways of mending them--by inserting a new piece of leather, or by gathering together the edges of the rent and sewing them in the form of a purse, or by putting a round flat splinter of wood into the hole.
5 old shoes and clouted--Those who have but one ass or mule for themselves and baggage frequently dismount and walk--a circumstance which may account for the worn shoes of the pretended travellers.
bread . . . dry and mouldy--This must have been that commonly used by travellers--a sort of biscuit made in the form of large rings, about an inch thick, and four or five inches in diameter. Not being so well baked as our biscuits, it becomes hard and mouldy from the moisture left in the dough. It is usually soaked in water previous to being used.
6 they went to Joshua unto the camp at Gilgal--Arrived at the Israelitish headquarters, the strangers obtained an interview with Joshua and the elders, to whom they opened their business.
7 the men of Israel said unto the Hivites, Peradventure ye dwell among us--The answer of the Israelites implied that they had no discretion, that their orders were imperative, and that if the strangers belonged to any of the native tribes, the idea of an alliance with them was unlawful since God had forbidden it (
Exod 23:32;
Exod 34:12;
Deut 7:2).
9 From a very far country thy servants are come because of the name of the Lord thy God--They pretended to be actuated by religious motives in seeking to be allied with His people. But their studied address is worthy of notice in appealing to instances of God's miraculous doings at a distance, while they pass by those done in Canaan, as if the report of these had not yet reached their ears.
14 the men took of their victuals and asked not counsel at the mouth of the Lord--The mouldy appearance of their bread was, after examination, accepted as guaranteeing the truth of the story. In this precipitate conclusion the Israelites were guilty of excessive credulity and culpable negligence, in not asking by the high priest's Urim and Thummim the mind of God, before entering into the alliance. It is not clear, however, that had they applied for divine direction they would have been forbidden to spare and connect themselves with any of the Canaanite tribes who renounced idolatry and embraced and worshipped the true God. At least, no fault was found with them for making a covenant with the Gibeonites; while, on the other hand, the violation of it was severely punished (
2Sam 21:1; and
Josh 11:19-
Josh 11:20).
16 at the end of three days . . . they heard that they were their neighbours, and that they dwelt among them--This information was obtained in their further progress through the country; for as
Josh 9:17 should be rendered, "when the children of Israel journeyed, they came to their cities." Gibeon was about eighteen or twenty miles from Gilgal.
17 Chephirah-- (
Josh 18:26;
Ezra 2:25;
Neh 7:29).
Beeroth-- (
2Sam 4:2), now El Berich, about twenty minutes' distance from El Jib (Gibeon).
Kirjath-jearim--"the city of forests," now Kuryet-el-Enab [ROBINSON].
18 the children of Israel smote them not--The moral character of the Gibeonites' stratagem was bad. The princes of the congregation did not vindicate either the expediency or the lawfulness of the connection they had formed; but they felt the solemn obligations of their oath; and, although the popular clamor was loud against them, caused either by disappointment at losing the spoils of Gibeon, or by displeasure at the apparent breach of the divine commandment, they determined to adhere to their pledge, "because they had sworn by the Lord God of Israel." The Israelitish princes acted conscientiously; they felt themselves bound by their solemn promise; but to prevent the disastrous consequences of their imprudent haste, they resolved to degrade the Gibeonites to a servile condition as a means of preventing their people from being ensnared into idolatry, and thus acted up, as they thought, to the true spirit and end of the law.
27 hewers of wood and drawers of water--The menials who performed the lowest offices and drudgery in the sanctuary; whence they were called Nethinims (
1Chr 9:2;
Ezra 2:43;
Ezra 8:20); that is, given, appropriated. Their chastisement thus brought them into the possession of great religious privileges (
Ps 84:10).