1Kdo si počíná jako moudrý a kdo zná výklad slova? Lidská moudrost rozjasní jeho tvář a tvrdost jeho tváře bude proměněna. 2Já pravím: Králův příkaz zachovávej, ale z důvodu přísahy při Bohu 3se neunáhli. Až budeš od něj odcházet, nezůstávej ve zlém záměru, protože on učiní všechno, co chce; 4na to má královské slovo pravomoc. Kdo mu může říct: Co to děláš? 5Kdo zachovává příkaz, nepozná nic zlého. Moudré srdce rozezná čas i správný způsob. 6Neboť každý záměr má svůj čas i správný způsob, přestože na něm lpí velké lidské zlo. 7Nikdo totiž neví, co se stane. Vždyť kdo mu oznámí to, co se stane? 8Není člověka panujícího nad větrem tak, že by zadržel vítr, nikdo nemá pravomoc nade dnem smrti, nemůže se vyhnout boji. A ničemnost nepomůže těm, kdo ji páchají. 9Tohle všechno jsem viděl, když jsem obrátil svou pozornost k veškerému dílu, které se konalo pod sluncem: Čas, kdy člověk panoval nad člověkem k jeho škodě. 10Přitom jsem viděl pohřbené ničemy, že přicházeli; odejdou ze svatého místa a budou zapomenuti ve městě, kde správně jednali. Také toto je marnost. 11Když není rozsudek nad zlým činem vykonán rychle, srdce lidských synů se díky tomu nadme, takže páchají zlo. 12I když hříšník páchá zlo stokrát a prodlužuje se mu život, ano, já přece vím, že nastane blaho pro ty, kdo se bojí Boha, kteří mají před ním bázeň. 13Avšak pro ničemu blaho nebude, ani se neprodlouží jeho dny jako stín, když nemá před Bohem bázeň. 14Je však marnost, která se na zemi děje: že jsou spravedliví, na které to doléhá podle jednání ničemů, a jsou ničemové, na které to doléhá podle jednání spravedlivých. Prohlásil jsem, že také toto je marnost. 15A tak jsem oslavoval radost, neboť pro člověka není nic lepšího pod sluncem, než jen aby jedl, aby pil a aby se radoval. To ho bude provázet při jeho námaze ve dnech jeho života, které mu dal Bůh pod sluncem.; 16jakmile jsem svou pozornost obrátil, abych poznal moudrost a abych viděl plahočení, které se na zemi konalo až tak, že ve dne ani v noci nikdo nedopřeje spánek svým očím, 17viděl jsem veškeré Boží dílo, že člověk nedokáže postihnout dílo, které se koná pod sluncem; když člověk usiluje posoudit to, nepostihne to. Ani když moudrý řekne, že to zná, nedokáže to postihnout.
Jamieson Fausset Brown Bible Commentary 1 (Ecc. 8:1-17)
Praise of true wisdom continued (
Eccl 7:11, &c.). "Who" is to be accounted "equal to the wise man? . . . Who (like him) knoweth the interpretation" of God's providences (for example,
Eccl 7:8,
Eccl 7:13-
Eccl 7:14), and God's word (for example, see on
Eccl 7:29;
Pro 1:6)?
face to shine-- (
Eccl 7:14;
Acts 6:15). A sunny countenance, the reflection of a tranquil conscience and serene mind. Communion with God gives it (
Exod 34:29-
Exod 34:30).
boldness--austerity.
changed--into a benign expression by true wisdom (religion) (
Jas 3:17). MAURER translates, "The shining (brightness) of his face is doubled," arguing that the Hebrew noun for "boldness" is never used in a bad sense (
Pro 4:18). Or as Margin, "strength" (
Eccl 7:19;
Isa 40:31;
2Cor 3:18). But the adjective is used in a bad sense (
Deut 28:50).
2 the king's--Jehovah, peculiarly the king of Israel in the theocracy;
Eccl 8:3-
Eccl 8:4, prove it is not the earthly king who is meant.
the oath of God--the covenant which God made with Abraham and renewed with David; Solomon remembered
Ps 89:35, "I have sworn," &c. (
Ps 89:36), and the penalties if David's children should forsake it (
Ps 89:30-
Ps 89:32); inflicted on Solomon himself; yet God not "utterly" forsaking him (
Ps 89:33-
Ps 89:34).
3 hasty--rather, "Be not terror-struck so as to go out of His sight." Slavishly "terror-struck" is characteristic of the sinner's feeling toward God; he vainly tries to flee out of His sight (
Ps 139:7); opposed to the "shining face" of filial confidence (
Eccl 8:1;
John 8:33-
John 8:36;
Rom 8:2;
1John 4:18).
stand not--persist not.
for he doeth--God inflicts what punishment He pleases on persisting sinners (
Job 23:13;
Ps 115:3). True of none save God.
4 God's very "word" is "power." So the gospel word (
Rom 1:16;
Heb 4:12).
who may say, &c.-- (
Job 9:12;
Job 33:13;
Isa 45:9;
Dan 4:35). Scripture does not ascribe such arbitrary power to earthly kings.
5 feel--experience.
time--the neglect of the right "times" causes much of the sinful folly of the spiritually unwise (
Eccl 3:1-
Eccl 3:11).
judgment--the right manner [HOLDEN]. But as God's future "judgment" is connected with the "time for every purpose" in
Eccl 3:17, so it is here. The punishment of persisting sinners (
Eccl 8:3) suggests it. The wise man realizes the fact, that as there is a fit "time" for every purpose, so for the "judgment." This thought cheers him in adversity (
Eccl 7:14;
Eccl 8:1).
6 therefore the misery, &c.--because the foolish sinner does not think of the right "times" and the "judgment."
7 he--the sinner, by neglecting times (for example, "the accepted time, and the day of salvation,
2Cor 6:2), is taken by surprise by the judgment (
Eccl 3:22;
Eccl 6:12;
Eccl 9:12). The godly wise observe the due times of things (
Eccl 3:1), and so, looking for the judgment, are not taken by surprise, though not knowing the precise "when" (
1Thess 5:2-4); they "know the time" to all saving purposes (
Rom 13:11).
8 spirit--"breath of life" (
Eccl 3:19), as the words following require. Not "wind," as WEISS thinks (
Pro 30:4). This verse naturally follows the subject of "times" and "judgment" (
Eccl 8:6-
Eccl 8:7).
discharge--alluding to the liability to military service of all above twenty years old (
Num 1:3), yet many were exempted (
Deut 20:5-
Deut 20:8). But in that war (death) there is no exemption.
those . . . given to--literally, the master of it. Wickedness can get money for the sinner, but cannot deliver him from the death, temporal and eternal, which is its penalty (
Isa 28:15,
Isa 28:18).
9 his own hurt--The tyrannical ruler "hurts" not merely his subjects, but himself; so Rehoboam (1Ki. 12:1-33); but the "time" of "hurt" chiefly refers to eternal ruin, incurred by "wickedness," at "the day of death" (
Eccl 8:8), and the "time" of "judgment" (
Eccl 8:6;
Pro 8:36).
10 the wicked--namely, rulers (
Eccl 8:9).
buried--with funeral pomp by man, though little meriting it (
Jer 22:19); but this only formed the more awful contrast to their death, temporal and eternal, inflicted by God (
Luke 16:22-
Luke 16:23).
come and gone from the place of the holy--went to and came from the place of judicature, where they sat as God's representatives (
Ps 82:1-
Ps 82:6), with pomp [HOLDEN]. WEISS translates, "Buried and gone (utterly), even from the holy place they departed." As Joab, by Solomon's command, was sent to the grave from the "holy place" in the temple, which was not a sanctuary to murderers (
Exod 21:14;
1Kgs 2:28,
1Kgs 2:31). The use of the very word "bury" there makes this view likely; still "who had come and gone" may be retained. Joab came to the altar, but had to go from it; so the "wicked rulers" (
Eccl 8:9) (including high priests) came to, and went from, the temple, on occasions of solemn worship, but did not thereby escape their doom.
forgotten-- (
Pro 10:7).
11 The reason why the wicked persevere in sin: God's delay in judgment (
Matt 24:48-
Matt 24:51;
2Pet 3:8-9). "They see not the smoke of the pit, therefore they dread not the fire" [SOUTH], (
Ps 55:19). Joab's escape from the punishment of his murder of Abner, so far from "leading him to repentance," as it ought (
Rom 2:4), led him to the additional murder of Amasa.
12 He says this, lest the sinner should abuse the statement (
Eccl 7:15), "A wicked man prolongeth his life."
before him--literally, "at His presence"; reverently serve Him, realizing His continual presence.
13 neither shall he prolong--not a contradiction to
Eccl 8:12. The "prolonging" of his days there is only seeming, not real. Taking into account his eternal existence, his present days, however seemingly long, are really short. God's delay (
Eccl 8:11) exists only in man's short-sighted view. It gives scope to the sinner to repent, or else to fill up his full measure of guilt; and so, in either case, tends to the final vindication of God's ways. It gives exercise to the faith, patience, and perseverance of saints.
shadow-- (
Eccl 6:12;
Job 8:9).
14 An objection is here started (entertained by Solomon in his apostasy), as in
Eccl 3:16;
Eccl 7:15, to the truth of retributive justice, from the fact of the just and the wicked not now receiving always according to their respective deserts; a cavil, which would seem the more weighty to men living under the Mosaic covenant of temporal sanctions. The objector adds, as Solomon had said, that the worldling's pursuits are "vanity" (
Eccl 8:10), "I say (not 'said') this also is vanity. Then I commend mirth," &c. [HOLDEN].
Eccl 8:14-
Eccl 8:15 may, however, be explained as teaching a cheerful, thankful use of God's gifts "under the sun," that is, not making them the chief good, as sensualists do, which
Eccl 2:2;
Eccl 7:2, forbid; but in "the fear of God," as
Eccl 3:12;
Eccl 5:18;
Eccl 7:18;
Eccl 9:7, opposed to the abstinence of the self-righteous ascetic (
Eccl 7:16), and of the miser (
Eccl 5:17).
15 no better thing, &c.--namely, for the "just" man, whose chief good is religion, not for the worldly.
abide--Hebrew, "adhere"; not for ever, but it is the only sure good to be enjoyed from earthly labors (equivalent to "of his labor the days of his life"). Still, the language resembles the skeptical precept (
1Cor 15:32), introduced only to be refuted; and "abide" is too strong language, perhaps, for a religious man to apply to "eating" and "mirth."
16 Reply to
Eccl 8:14-
Eccl 8:15. When I applied myself to observe man's toils after happiness (some of them so incessant as not to allow sufficient time for "sleep"), then (
Eccl 8:17, the apodosis) I saw that man cannot find out (the reason of) God's inscrutable dealings with the "just" and with the "wicked" here (
Eccl 8:14;
Eccl 3:11;
Job 5:9;
Rom 11:33); his duty is to acquiesce in them as good, because they are God's, though he sees not all the reasons for them (
Ps 73:16). It is enough to know "the righteous are in God's hand" (
Eccl 9:1). "Over wise" (
Eccl 7:16); that is, Speculations above what is written are vain.