1Y Jehová habló a Moisés, diciendo: 2Habla a los hijos de Israel, y diles: Cuando hubiereis entrado en la tierra de vuestras habitaciones, que yo os doy, 3e hiciereis ofrenda encendida a Jehová, holocausto, o sacrificio, por especial voto, o de vuestra voluntad, o para hacer en vuestras solemnidades olor grato a Jehová, de vacas o de ovejas; 4entonces el que ofreciere su ofrenda a Jehová, traerá por presente una décima de un efa de flor de harina, amasada con la cuarta parte de un hin de aceite; 5Y de vino para la libación ofrecerás la cuarta parte de un hin, además del holocausto o del sacrificio, por cada cordero. 6Y por cada carnero harás presente de dos décimas de flor de harina, amasada con la tercera parte de un hin de aceite; 7y de vino para la libación ofrecerás la tercera parte de un hin, en olor grato a Jehová. 8Y cuando preparéis novillo para holocausto o sacrificio, por especial voto, o sacrificio de paz a Jehová, 9ofrecerás con el novillo un presente de tres décimas de flor de harina, amasada con la mitad de un hin de aceite; 10y de vino para la libación ofrecerás la mitad de un hin, en ofrenda encendida de olor grato a Jehová. 11Así se hará con cada un buey, o carnero, o cordero, lo mismo de ovejas que de cabras. 12Conforme al número así haréis con cada uno según el número de ellos. 13Todo natural hará estas cosas así, para ofrecer ofrenda encendida de olor suave a Jehová. 14Y cuando habitare con vosotros extranjero, o cualquiera que estuviere entre vosotros por vuestras edades, si hiciere ofrenda encendida de olor grato a Jehová, como vosotros hiciereis, así hará él. 15Un mismo estatuto tendréis, para vosotros de la congregación y para el extranjero que mora con vosotros; estatuto que será perpetuo por vuestras generaciones; como vosotros, así será el extranjero delante de Jehová. 16Una misma ley y un mismo derecho tendréis, vosotros y el extranjero que mora con vosotros. 17Y habló Jehová a Moisés, diciendo: 18Habla a los hijos de Israel, y diles: Cuando hubiereis entrado en la tierra a la cual yo os llevo, 19será que cuando comenzareis a comer el pan de la tierra, ofreceréis ofrenda a Jehová. 20De lo primero que amasareis, ofreceréis una torta en ofrenda; como la ofrenda de la era, así la ofreceréis. 21De las primicias de vuestras masas daréis a Jehová ofrenda por vuestras generaciones. 22Y cuando errareis, y no hiciereis todos estos mandamientos que Jehová ha dicho a Moisés, 23todas las cosas que Jehová os ha mandado por la mano de Moisés, desde el día que Jehová lo mandó, y en adelante por vuestras edades, 24será que, si el pecado fue hecho por yerro con ignorancia de la congregación, toda la congregación ofrecerá un novillo por holocausto, en olor grato a Jehová, con su presente y su libación, conforme a la ley; y un macho cabrío en expiación. 25Y el sacerdote hará expiación por toda la congregación de los hijos de Israel; y les será perdonado, porque yerro es: y ellos traerán sus ofrendas, ofrenda encendida a Jehová, y sus expiaciones delante de Jehová, por sus yerros: 26Y será perdonado a toda la congregación de los hijos de Israel, y al extranjero que peregrina entre ellos, por cuanto es yerro de todo el pueblo. 27Y si una persona pecare por yerro, ofrecerá una cabra de un año por expiación. 28Y el sacerdote hará expiación por la persona que habrá pecado por yerro, cuando pecare por yerro delante de Jehová, la reconciliará, y le será perdonado. 29El natural entre los hijos de Israel, y el extranjero que habitare entre ellos, una misma ley tendréis para el que hiciere algo por yerro. 30Mas la persona que hiciere algo con altivez, así el natural como el extranjero, a Jehová injurió; y tal persona será cortada de en medio de su pueblo. 31Por cuanto tuvo en poco la palabra de Jehová, y dio por nulo su mandamiento, enteramente será cortada la tal persona; su iniquidad será sobre ella. 32Y estando los hijos de Israel en el desierto, hallaron un hombre que recogía leña en día de sábado. 33Y los que le hallaron recogiendo leña le trajeron a Moisés y a Aarón, y a toda la congregación: 34Y lo pusieron en la cárcel, por que no estaba declarado qué le habían de hacer. 35Y Jehová dijo a Moisés: Irremisiblemente muera aquel hombre; apedréelo con piedras toda la congregación fuera del campamento. 36Entonces lo sacó la congregación fuera del campamento, y lo apedrearon con piedras, y murió; como Jehová mandó a Moisés. 37Y Jehová habló a Moisés, diciendo: 38Habla a los hijos de Israel, y diles que se hagan franjas en los bordes de sus vestiduras, por sus generaciones; y pongan en cada franja de los bordes un cordón de azul: 39Y os servirá de franja, para que cuando lo viereis, os acordéis de todos los mandamientos de Jehová, para ponerlos por obra; y no miréis en pos de vuestro corazón y de vuestros ojos, en pos de los cuales fornicáis. 40Para que os acordéis, y hagáis todos mis mandamientos, y seáis santos a vuestro Dios. 41Yo Jehová vuestro Dios, que os saqué de la tierra de Egipto, para ser vuestro Dios: Yo Jehová vuestro Dios.
Jamieson Fausset Brown Bible Commentary 1 THE LAW OF SUNDRY OFFERINGS. (Num. 15:1-41)
The Lord spake unto Moses, saying, Speak unto the children of Israel--Some infer from
Num 15:23 that the date of this communication must be fixed towards the close of the wanderings in the wilderness; and, also, that all the sacrifices prescribed in the law were to be offered only after the settlement in Canaan.
3 make an offering by fire unto the Lord, a burnt offering--It is evident that a peace offering is referred to because this term is frequently used in such a sense (
Exod 18:12;
Lev 17:5).
4 tenth deal--that is, an omer, the tenth part of an ephah (
Exod 16:36).
fourth part of an hin of oil--This element shows it to have been different from such meat offerings as were made by themselves, and not merely accompaniments of other sacrifices.
6 two tenth deals--The quantity of flour was increased because the sacrifice was of superior value to the former. The accessory sacrifices were always increased in proportion to the greater worth and magnitude of its principal.
13 a stranger--one who had become a proselyte. There were scarcely any of the national privileges of the Israelites, in which the Gentile stranger might not, on conforming to certain conditions, fully participate.
19 when ye eat of the bread of the land, ye shall offer up an heave offering--The offering prescribed was to precede the act of eating.
unto the Lord--that is, the priests of the Lord (
Ezek 44:30).
20 heave offering of the threshing-floor--meaning the corn on the threshing-floor; that is, after harvest.
so shall ye heave it--to the priests accompanying the ceremony with the same rites.
22 if ye have erred, and not observed all these commandments, &c.--respecting the performance of divine worship, and the rites and ceremonies that constitute the holy service. The law relates only to any omission and consequently is quite different from that laid down in
Lev 4:13, which implies a transgression or positive neglect of some observances required. This law relates to private parties or individual tribes; that to the whole congregation of Israel.
24 if aught be committed by ignorance--The Mosaic ritual was complicated, and the ceremonies to be gone through in the various instances of purification which are specified, would expose a worshipper, through ignorance, to the risk of omitting or neglecting some of them. This law includes the stranger in the number of those for whom the sacrifice was offered for the sin of general ignorance.
27 if any soul sin through ignorance--not only in common with the general body of the people, but his personal sins were to be expiated in the same manner.
30 the soul that doeth aught presumptuously--Hebrew, "with an high" or "uplifted hand"--that is, knowingly, wilfully, obstinately. In this sense the phraseology occurs (
Exod 14:8;
Lev 26:21;
Ps 19:13).
the same reproacheth the Lord--sets Him at open defiance and dishonors His majesty.
31 his iniquity shall be upon him--The punishment of his sins shall fall on himself individually; no guilt shall be incurred by the nation, unless there be a criminal carelessness in overlooking the offense.
32 a man that gathered sticks upon the sabbath day--This incident is evidently narrated as an instance of presumptuous sin. The mere gathering of sticks was not a sinful act and might be necessary for fuel to warm him or to make ready his food. But its being done on the Sabbath altered the entire character of the action. The law of the Sabbath being a plain and positive commandment, this transgression of it was a known and wilful sin, and it was marked by several aggravations. For the deed was done with unblushing boldness in broad daylight, in open defiance of the divine authority--in flagrant inconsistency with His religious connection with Israel, as the covenant-people of God; and it was an application to improper purposes of time, which God had consecrated to Himself and the solemn duties of religion. The offender was brought before the rulers, who, on hearing the painful report, were at a loss to determine what ought to be done. That they should have felt any embarrassment in such a case may seem surprising, in the face of the sabbath law (
Exod 31:14). Their difficulty probably arose from this being the first public offense of the kind which had occurred; and the appeal might be made to remove all ground of complaint--to produce a more striking effect, so that the fate of this criminal might be a beacon to warn all Israelites in the future.
35 The Lord said unto Moses, The man shall be surely put to death--The Lord was King, as well as God of Israel, and the offense being a violation of the law of the realm, the Sovereign Judge gave orders that this man should be put to death; and, moreover, He required the whole congregation unite in executing the fatal sentence.
38 bid them that they make them fringes in the borders of their garments--These were narrow strips, in a wing-like form, wrapped over the shoulders and on various parts of the attire. "Fringe," however, is the English rendering of two distinct Hebrew words--the one meaning a narrow lappet or edging, called the "hem" or "border" (
Matt 23:5;
Luke 8:44), which, in order to make it more attractive to the eye and consequently more serviceable to the purpose described, was covered with a riband of blue or rather purple color; the other term signifies strings with tassels at the end, fastened to the corners of the garment. Both of these are seen on the Egyptian and Assyrian frocks; and as the Jewish people were commanded by express and repeated ordinances to have them, the fashion was rendered subservient, in their case, to awaken high and religious associations--to keep them in habitual remembrance of the divine commandments.
41 I am the Lord your God--The import of this solemn conclusion is, that though He was displeased with them for their frequent rebellions, for which they would be doomed to forty years' wanderings, He would not abandon them but continue His divine protection and care of them till they were brought into the land of promise.