1Or, les enfants d'Israël, toute l'assemblée, arrivèrent au désert de Tsin, au premier mois, et le peuple s'arrêta à Kadès; et Marie mourut là, et y fut ensevelie. 2Et il n'y avait point d'eau pour le peuple, et ils s'assemblèrent contre Moïse et contre Aaron. 3Et le peuple contesta avec Moïse, et ils dirent: Plût à Dieu que nous fussions morts, quand nos frères moururent devant YEHOVAH! 4Pourquoi avez-vous fait venir l'assemblée de YEHOVAH dans ce désert, pour que nous y mourions, nous et notre bétail? 5Pourquoi nous avez-vous fait monter hors d'Égypte, pour nous amener en ce méchant lieu, qui n'est point un lieu pour semer, ni pour des figuiers, ni pour la vigne, ni pour les grenadiers, et où il n'y a point d'eau à boire? 6Alors Moïse et Aaron se retirèrent de devant l'assemblée, à l'entrée du tabernacle d'assignation; et ils tombèrent sur leur visage, et la gloire de YEHOVAH leur apparut. 7Et YEHOVAH parla à Moïse, en disant: 8Prends la verge, et convoque l'assemblée, toi et Aaron, ton frère, et parlez au Rocher en leur présence, et il donnera ses eaux; tu leur feras sortir de l'eau du Rocher, et tu abreuveras l'assemblée et leur bétail. 9Moïse prit donc la verge de devant YEHOVAH, comme il le lui avait commandé. 10Moïse et Aaron convoquèrent l'assemblée devant le rocher; et il leur dit: Écoutez donc, rebelles! Vous ferons-nous sortir de l'eau de ce Rocher? 11Et Moïse leva la main, et frappa le Rocher avec sa verge, par deux fois; alors des eaux sortirent en abondance, et l'assemblée but, et leur bétail aussi. 12Puis YEHOVAH dit à Moïse et à Aaron: Parce que vous n'avez pas cru en moi, pour me sanctifier devant les enfants d'Israël, à cause de cela vous n'introduirez point cette assemblée dans le pays que je leur ai donné. 13Ce sont là les eaux de Mériba (contestation), où les enfants d'Israël contestèrent avec YEHOVAH; et il se sanctifia en eux. 14Puis Moïse envoya, de Kadès, des messagers au roi d'Édom, pour lui dire: Ainsi a dit ton frère Israël: Tu sais tous les maux qui nous sont survenus; 15Comment nos pères descendirent en Égypte; et nous avons demeuré longtemps en Égypte, et les Égyptiens nous ont maltraités, nous et nos pères; 16Et nous avons crié à YEHOVAH, et il a entendu notre voix. Il a envoyé un ange, et nous a fait sortir d'Égypte. Et voici, nous sommes à Kadès, ville qui est à l'extrémité de ta frontière; 17Permets que nous passions par ton pays; nous ne passerons ni par les champs, ni par les vignes, et nous ne boirons pas l'eau des puits; nous marcherons par le chemin royal, nous ne nous détournerons ni à droite ni à gauche, jusqu'à ce que nous ayons passé ta frontière. 18Mais Édom lui dit: Tu ne passeras point chez moi, de peur que je ne sorte à ta rencontre avec l'épée. 19Les enfants d'Israël lui répondirent: Nous monterons par le grand chemin; et si nous buvons tes eaux, moi et mes troupeaux, je les paierai. Seulement que j'y passe de mes pieds; pas autre chose. 20Mais il dit: Tu ne passeras point. Et Édom sortit à sa rencontre avec une grande multitude et à main armée. 21Ainsi Édom refusa à Israël la permission de passer par sa frontière; et Israël se détourna de lui. 22Et les enfants d'Israël, toute l'assemblée, partirent de Kadès et vinrent à la montagne de Hor. 23Et YEHOVAH parla à Moïse et à Aaron, dans la montagne de Hor, sur la frontière du pays d'Édom, en disant: 24Aaron sera recueilli vers ses peuples; car il n'entrera point au pays que j'ai donné aux enfants d'Israël, parce que vous avez été rebelles à mon commandement, aux eaux de Mériba. 25Prends Aaron et Éléazar, son fils, et fais-les monter sur la montagne de Hor; 26Puis dépouille Aaron de ses vêtements, et revêts-en Éléazar son fils; et Aaron sera recueilli, et mourra là. 27Moïse fit donc comme YEHOVAH avait commandé; et ils montèrent sur la montagne de Hor, à la vue de toute l'assemblée. 28Et Moïse dépouilla Aaron de ses vêtements, et en revêtit Éléazar son fils. Or Aaron mourut là, au sommet de la montagne; et Moïse et Éléazar descendirent de la montagne. 29Et toute l'assemblée vit qu'Aaron avait expiré; et toute la maison d'Israël pleura Aaron pendant trente jours.
Jamieson Fausset Brown Bible Commentary 1 THE DEATH OF MIRIAM. (Num. 20:1-29)
Then came the children of Israel . . . into the desert of Zin in the first month--that is, of the fortieth year (compare
Num 20:22-
Num 20:23, with
Num 33:38). In this history only the principal and most important incidents are recorded, those confined chiefly to the first or second and the last years of the journeyings in the wilderness, thence called Et-Tih. Between
Num 19:22 and
Num 20:1 there is a long and undescribed interval of thirty-seven years.
the people abode in Kadesh--supposed to be what is now known as Ain-el-Weibeh, three springs surrounded by palms. (See on
Num 13:26). It was their second arrival after an interval of thirty-eight years (
Deut 2:14). The old generation had nearly all died, and the new one encamped in it with the view of entering the promised land, not, however, as formerly on the south, but by crossing the Edomite region on the east.
Miriam died there--four months before Aaron [
Num 33:38].
2 there was no water for the congregation--There was at Kadesh a fountain, En-Mishpat (
Gen 14:7), and at the first encampment of the Israelites there was no want of water. It was then either partially dried up by the heat of the season, or had been exhausted by the demands of so vast a multitude.
6 Moses and Aaron went from the presence of the assembly--Here is a fresh ebullition of the untamed and discontented spirit of the people. The leaders fled to the precincts of the sanctuary, both as an asylum from the increasing fury of the highly excited rabble, and as their usual refuge in seasons of perplexity and danger, to implore the direction and aid of God.
8 Take the rod--which had been deposited in the tabernacle (
Num 17:10), the wonder-working rod by which so many miracles had been performed, sometimes called "the rod of God" (
Exod 4:20), sometimes Moses' (
Num 20:11) or Aaron's rod (
Exod 7:12).
10 [Moses] said unto them, Hear now, ye rebels; must we fetch you water out of this rock?--The conduct of the great leader on this occasion was hasty and passionate (
Ps 106:33). He had been directed to speak to the rock [
Num 20:8], but he smote it twice [
Num 20:11] in his impetuosity, thus endangering the blossoms of the rod, and, instead of speaking to the rock, he spoke to the people in a fury.
11 the congregation drank, and their beasts--Physically the water afforded the same kind of needful refreshment to both. But from a religious point of view, this, which was only a common element to the cattle, was a sacrament to the people (
1Cor 10:3-4) --It possessed a relative sanctity imparted to it by its divine origin and use.
12 The Lord spake unto Moses and Aaron, Because ye believed me not, &c.--The act of Moses in smiting twice betrayed a doubt, not of the power, but of the will of God to gratify such a rebellious people, and his exclamation seems to have emanated from a spirit of incredulity akin to Sarai's (
Gen 18:13). These circumstances indicate the influence of unbelief, and there might have been others unrecorded which led to so severe a chastisement.
13 This is the water of Meribah--The word "Kadesh" is added to it [
Deut 32:51] to distinguish it from another Meribah (
Exod 17:7).
14 Moses sent messengers . . . to the king of Edom--The encampment at Kadesh was on the confines of the Edomite territory, through which the Israelites would have had an easy passage across the Arabah by Wady-el-Ghuweir, so that they could have continued their course around Moab, and approached Palestine from the east [ROBERTS]. The Edomites, being the descendants of Esau and tracing their line of descent from Abraham as their common stock, were recognized by the Israelites as brethren, and a very brotherly message was sent to them.
17 we will go by the king's highway--probably Wady-el-Ghuweir [ROBERTS], through which ran one of the great lines of road, constructed for commercial caravans, as well as for the progress of armies. The engineering necessary for carrying them over marshes or mountains, and the care requisite for protecting them from the shifting sands, led to their being under the special care of the state. Hence the expression, "the king's highway," which is of great antiquity.
19 if I and my cattle drink of thy water, then I will pay for it--From the scarcity of water in the warm climates of the East, the practice of levying a tax for the use of the wells is universal; and the jealousy of the natives, in guarding the collected treasures of rain, is often so great that water cannot be procured for money.
21 Edom refused to give Israel passage through his border, &c.--A churlish refusal obliged them to take another route. (See on
Num 21:4;
Deut 2:4; and
Judg 11:18; see also
1Sam 14:47;
2Sam 8:14, which describe the retribution that was taken.)
22 the children of Israel . . . came unto mount Hor--now Gebel Haroun, the most striking and lofty elevation in the Seir range, called emphatically "the mount" [
Num 20:28]. It is conspicuous by its double top.
24 Aaron shall be gathered unto his people--In accordance with his recent doom, he, attired in the high priest's costume, was commanded to ascend that mountain and die. But although the time of his death was hastened by the divine displeasure as a punishment for his sins, the manner of his death was arranged in tenderness of love, and to do him honor at the close of his earthly service. His ascent of the mount was to afford him a last look of the camp and a distant prospect of the promised land. The simple narrative of the solemn and impressive scene implies, though it does not describe, the pious resignation, settled faith, and inward peace of the aged pontiff.
26 strip Aaron of his garments--that is, his pontifical robes, in token of his resignation. (See
Isa 22:20-
Isa 22:25).
put them on his son--as the inauguration into his high office. Having been formerly anointed with the sacred oil, that ceremony was not repeated, or, as some think, it was done on his return to the camp.
28 Aaron died there in the top of the mount--(See on
Deut 10:6). A tomb has been erected upon or close by the spot where he was buried.
29 When all the congregation saw that Aaron was dead--Moses and Eleazar were the sole witnesses of his departure (
Num 20:28). According to the established law, the new high priest could not have been present at the funeral of his father without contracting ceremonial defilement (
Lev 21:11). But that law was dispensed with in the extraordinary circumstances. The people learned the event not only from the recital of the two witnesses, but from their visible signs of grief and change; and this event betokened the imperfection of the Levitical priesthood (
Heb 7:12).
they mourned for Aaron thirty days--the usual period of public and solemn mourning. (See on
Deut 34:8).