1And Balaam said to Balak, Build seven altars for me here, and prepare seven bulls and seven rams for me here. 2And Balak did as Balaam had spoken. And Balak and Balaam offered a bull and a ram on the altar. 3And Balaam said to Balak, Station yourself by your burnt offering, and I will go on; it may be that Jehovah will come to meet me, and I will declare to you the things which He reveals to me. And he went to a high place. 4And God came to Balaam, and he said to Him, I have set up seven altars. And I have offered a bull and a ram on the altar. 5And Jehovah put a word in Balaam's mouth, and said, Return to Balak, and you shall say this. 6And he returned to him. And, lo, he was standing by his burnt offering, he and all the leaders of Moab. 7And he took up his parable and said, He has led me from Aram, Balak king of Moab; from the mountains of the east, saying, Come, curse Jacob for me; and, come, rage at Israel. 8How shall I curse him whom God has not cursed? And how shall I rage at him at whom Jehovah has not raged? 9For from the top of the rocks I see him, and I behold him from the heights. Behold, it is a people that shall dwell alone and not be reckoned among the nations. 10Who can count Jacob's dust, and the number of the fourth part of Israel? Let me die the death of the righteous, and let my last end be like his! 11And Balak said to Balaam, What have you done to me? I took you to curse my enemies, and lo you have surely blessed. 12And he replied and said, Must not I take heed to speak what Jehovah has put in my mouth? 13And Balak said to him, Now come with me to another place where you will see it; only you will see its edge and shall not see all of it; and curse it for me there. 14And he took him to the field of Zophim, to the top of Pisgah, and built seven altars, and offered a bull and a ram on the altar. 15And he said to Balak, Station yourself by the burnt offering while I go to meet Him over there. 16And Jehovah met Balaam and put a word in his mouth and said, Return to Balak, and say this. 17And he came to him, and, lo, he stood by his burnt offering, and Moab's chiefs with him. And he said to him, What has Jehovah spoken? 18And he took up his parable and said, Rise up, Balak, and hear; give ear to me, son of Zippor. 19God is not a man that He should lie, or a son of man that He should repent. Has He said, and shall He not do it? And has He spoken, and shall He not make it good? 20Behold, I have received word to bless; yes, He has blessed; I cannot reverse it. 21He has seen no iniquity in Jacob, nor has He seen mischief in Israel. Jehovah his God is with him, and the shout of a king is in him. 22God who brought them out of Egypt is for him like the lofty horns of the wild ox. 23For there is not a spell against Jacob, nor any divination against Israel. Now it is said of Jacob and Israel, See what God has done! 24Behold, the people shall rise like a lioness and as a lion he shall lift himself up; he shall not lie down until he eats the prey and drinks the blood of the slain. 25And Balak said to Balaam, Do not curse it at all, nor bless it at all. 26And Balaam answered and said to Balak, Did I not speak to you, saying, All that Jehovah speaks, that I will do? 27And Balak said to Balaam, Come, please, I will take you to another place. It may be that it will be right in the eyes of God to curse it for me from there. 28And Balak took Balaam to the top of Peor, which looks toward the wilderness. 29And Balaam said to Balak, Build seven altars for me here, and prepare seven bulls and seven rams for me here. 30And Balak did as Balaam said; and he offered a bull and a ram on the altar.
Jamieson Fausset Brown Bible Commentary 1 BALAK'S SACRIFICES. (Num. 23:1-30)
Balaam said unto Balak, Build me here seven altars--Balak, being a heathen, would naturally suppose these altars were erected in honor of Baal, the patron deity of his country. It is evident, from
Num 23:4 that they were prepared for the worship of the true God; although in choosing the high places of Baal as their site and rearing a number of altars (
2Kgs 18:22;
Isa 17:8;
Jer 11:13;
Hos 8:11;
Hos 10:1), instead of one only, as God had appointed, Balaam blended his own superstitions with the divine worship. The heathen, both in ancient and modern times, attached a mysterious virtue to the number seven; and Balaam, in ordering the preparation of so many altars, designed to mystify and delude the king.
3 Stand by thy burnt offering--as one in expectation of an important favor.
peradventure the Lord will come to meet me: and whatsoever he showeth me--that is, makes known to me by word or sign.
he went to an high place--apart by himself, where he might practise rites and ceremonies, with a view to obtain a response of the oracle.
4 God met Balaam--not in compliance with his incantations, but to frustrate his wicked designs and compel him, contrary to his desires and interests, to pronounce the following benediction [
Num 23:8-
Num 23:10].
7 took up his parable--that is, spoke under the influence of inspiration, and in the highly poetical, figurative, and oracular style of a prophet.
brought me from Aram--This word joined with "the mountains of the East," denotes the upper portion of Mesopotamia, lying on the east of Moab. The East enjoyed an infamous notoriety for magicians and soothsayers (
Isa 2:6).
8 How shall I curse, whom God hath not cursed?--A divine blessing has been pronounced over the posterity of Jacob; and therefore, whatever prodigies can be achieved by my charms, all magical skill, all human power, is utterly impotent to counteract the decree of God.
9 from the top--literally, "a bare place" on the rocks, to which Balak had taken him, for it was deemed necessary to see the people who were to be devoted to destruction. But that commanding prospect could contribute nothing to the accomplishment of the king's object, for the destiny of Israel was to be a distinct, peculiar people, separated from the rest of the nations in government, religion, customs, and divine protection (
Deut 33:28). So that although I might be able to gratify your wishes against other people, I can do nothing against them (
Exod 19:5;
Lev 20:24).
10 Who can count the dust of Jacob?--an Oriental hyperbole for a very populous nation, as Jacob's posterity was promised to be (
Gen 13:16;
Gen 28:14).
the number of the fourth part of Israel--that is, the camp consisted of four divisions; every one of these parts was formidable in numbers.
Let me die the death of the righteous--Hebrew, "of Jeshurun"; or, the Israelites. The meaning is: they are a people happy, above all others, not only in life, but at death, from their knowledge of the true God, and their hope through His grace. Balaam is a representative of a large class in the world, who express a wish for the blessedness which Christ has promised to His people but are averse to imitate the mind that was in Him.
13 Come, . . . with me unto another place, from whence thou mayest see them--Surprised and disappointed at this unexpected eulogy on Israel, Balak hoped that, if seen from a different point of observation, the prophet would give utterance to different feelings; and so, having made the same solemn preparations, Balaam retired, as before, to wait the divine afflatus.
14 he brought him into the field of Zophim . . . top of Pisgah--a flat surface on the summit of the mountain range, which was cultivated land. Others render it "the field of sentinels," an eminence where some of Balak's guards were posted to give signals [CALMET].
18 Rise up--As Balak was already standing (
Num 23:17), this expression is equivalent to "now attend to me." The counsels and promises of God respecting Israel are unchangeable; and no attempt to prevail on Him to reverse them will succeed, as they may with a man.
21 He hath not beheld iniquity in Jacob--Many sins were observed and punished in this people. But no such universal and hopeless apostasy had as yet appeared, to induce God to abandon or destroy them.
the Lord his God is with him--has a favor for them.
and the shout of a king is among them--such joyful acclamations as of a people rejoicing in the presence of a victorious prince.
22 he hath as it were the strength of an unicorn--Israel is not as they were at the Exodus, a horde of poor, feeble, spiritless people, but powerful and invincible as a reem--that is, a rhinoceros (
Job 39:9;
Ps 22:21;
Ps 92:10).
23 Surely there is no enchantment against Jacob--No art can ever prevail against a people who are under the shield of Omnipotence, and for whom miracles have been and yet shall be performed, which will be a theme of admiration in succeeding ages.
26 All that the Lord speaketh, that I must do--a remarkable confession that he was divinely constrained to give utterances different from what it was his purpose and inclination to do.
28 Balak brought Balaam unto the top of Peor--or, Beth-peor (
Deut 3:29), the eminence on which a temple of Baal stood.
that looketh toward Jeshimon--the desert tract in the south of Palestine, on both sides of the Dead Sea.