1Voici les étapes des enfants d'Israël, qui sortirent du pays d'Égypte, selon leurs armées, sous la conduite de Moïse et d'Aaron. 2Or Moïse écrivit leurs marches selon leurs étapes, sur le commandement de YEHOVAH. Voici donc leurs étapes, selon leurs marches. 3Les enfants d'Israël partirent de Ramsès le premier mois, au quinzième jour du premier mois, le lendemain de la Pâque; ils sortirent à main levée, à la vue de tous les Égyptiens. 4Et les Égyptiens ensevelissaient ceux que YEHOVAH avait frappés parmi eux, tous les premiers-nés; YEHOVAH avait même exercé des jugements sur leurs dieux. 5Et les enfants d'Israël partirent de Ramsès, et campèrent à Succoth. 6Ils partirent de Succoth, et campèrent à Étham, qui est au bout du désert. 7Puis ils partirent d'Étham, se détournèrent vers Pi-Hahiroth, qui est en face de Baal-Tsephon, et campèrent devant Migdol. 8Et ils partirent de devant Pi-Hahiroth, passèrent au milieu de la mer, vers le désert, allèrent trois jours de chemin par le désert d'Étham, et campèrent à Mara. 9Puis ils partirent de Mara et vinrent à Élim; or il y avait à Élim douze sources d'eaux et soixante-dix palmiers; et ils y campèrent. 10Ils partirent d'Élim, et campèrent près de la mer Rouge. 11Puis ils partirent de la mer Rouge, et campèrent au désert de Sin. 12Et ils partirent du désert de Sin, et campèrent à Dophka. 13Et ils partirent de Dophka, et campèrent à Alush. 14Et ils partirent d'Alush, et campèrent à Rephidim, où il n'y avait point d'eau à boire pour le peuple. 15Et ils partirent de Rephidim, et campèrent au désert de Sinaï. 16Ensuite ils partirent du désert de Sinaï, et campèrent à Kibroth-Hatthaava. 17Et ils partirent de Kibroth-Hatthaava, et campèrent à Hatséroth. 18Puis ils partirent de Hatséroth, et campèrent à Rithma. 19Et ils partirent de Rithma et campèrent à Rimmon-Pérets. 20Et ils partirent de Rimmon-Pérets, et campèrent à Libna. 21Et ils partirent de Libna, et campèrent à Rissa. 22Ensuite ils partirent de Rissa, et campèrent à Kéhélatha. 23Et ils partirent de Kéhélatha, et campèrent à la montagne de Shapher. 24Et ils partirent de la montagne de Shapher, et campèrent à Harada. 25Et ils partirent de Harada, et campèrent à Makhéloth. 26Puis ils partirent de Makhéloth, et campèrent à Tahath. 27Et ils partirent de Tahath, et campèrent à Tarach. 28Et ils partirent de Tarach, et campèrent à Mithka. 29Et ils partirent de Mithka, et campèrent à Hashmona. 30Et ils partirent de Hashmona, et campèrent à Moséroth. 31Et ils partirent de Moséroth, et campèrent à Bené-Jaakan. 32Et ils partirent de Bené-Jaakan, et campèrent à Hor-Guidgad. 33Et ils partirent de Hor-Guidgad, et campèrent à Jotbatha. 34Et ils partirent de Jotbatha, et campèrent à Abrona. 35Et ils partirent de Abrona, et campèrent à Etsjon-Guéber. 36Et ils partirent d'Etsjon-Guéber, et campèrent au désert de Tsin, qui est Kadès. 37Ensuite ils partirent de Kadès, et campèrent à la montagne de Hor, à l'extrémité du pays d'Édom. 38Et Aaron, le sacrificateur, monta sur la montagne de Hor, suivant l'ordre de YEHOVAH, et il y mourut, dans la quarantième année après que les enfants d'Israël furent sortis du pays d'Égypte, le cinquième mois, le premier jour du mois. 39Et Aaron était âgé de cent vingt-trois ans, quand il mourut sur la montagne de Hor. 40Alors le Cananéen, roi d'Arad, qui habitait le Midi du pays de Canaan, apprit que les enfants d'Israël venaient. 41Et ils partirent de la montagne de Hor, et campèrent à Tsalmona. 42Et ils partirent de Tsalmona, et campèrent à Punon. 43Et ils partirent de Punon, et campèrent à Oboth. 44Puis ils partirent d'Oboth, et campèrent à Ijjé-Abarim, sur la frontière de Moab. 45Et ils partirent d'Ijjé-Abarim, et campèrent à Dibon-Gad. 46Et ils partirent de Dibon-Gad, et campèrent à Almon-Diblathaïm. 47Puis ils partirent d'Almon-Diblathaïm, et campèrent aux montagnes d'Abarim, devant Nébo. 48Et ils partirent des montagnes d'Abarim, et campèrent dans les plaines de Moab, près du Jourdain de Jérico. 49Et ils campèrent près du Jourdain, depuis Beth-Jeshimoth jusqu'à Abel-Sittim, dans les plaines de Moab. 50Or YEHOVAH parla à Moïse dans les plaines de Moab, près du Jourdain de Jérico, en disant: 51Parle aux enfants d'Israël, et dis-leur: Lorsque vous aurez passé le Jourdain pour entrer au pays de Canaan, 52Vous chasserez de devant vous tous les habitants du pays, vous détruirez toutes leurs figures, vous détruirez toutes leurs images de fonte, et vous démolirez tous leurs hauts lieux; 53Et vous prendrez possession du pays, et vous y habiterez. Car je vous ai donné le pays pour le posséder. 54Vous partagerez le pays par le sort, selon vos familles. À ceux qui sont en grand nombre, vous donnerez plus d'héritage, et à ceux qui sont en petit nombre, tu donneras moins d'héritage; chacun l'aura là où il lui sera échu par le sort; vous ferez le partage selon les tribus de vos pères. 55Mais si vous ne chassez pas devant vous les habitants du pays, ceux d'entre eux que vous aurez laissés de reste seront des épines dans vos yeux et des pointes dans vos côtés, et ils vous serreront de près dans le pays dont vous serez les habitants; 56Et il arrivera que je vous ferai comme j'ai eu dessein de leur faire.
Jamieson Fausset Brown Bible Commentary 1 TWO AND FORTY JOURNEYS OF THE ISRAELITES--FROM EGYPT TO SINAI. (
Num 33:1-
Num 33:15)
These are the journeys of the children of Israel--This chapter may be said to form the winding up of the history of the travels of the Israelites through the wilderness; for the three following chapters relate to matters connected with the occupation and division of the promised land. As several apparent discrepancies will be discovered on comparing the records here given of the journeyings from Sinai with the detailed accounts of the events narrated in the Book of Exodus and the occasional notices of places that are found in that of Deuteronomy, it is probable that this itinerary comprises a list of only the most important stations in their journeys--those where they formed prolonged encampments, and whence they dispersed their flocks and herds to pasture on the adjacent plains till the surrounding herbage was exhausted. The catalogue extends from their departure out of Egypt to their arrival on the plains of Moab.
went forth . . . with their armies--that is, a vast multitude marshalled in separate companies, but regular order.
2 Moses wrote their goings out according to their journeys by the commandment of the Lord--The wisdom of this divine order is seen in the importance of the end to which it was subservient--namely, partly to establish the truth of the history, partly to preserve a memorial of God's marvellous interpositions on behalf of Israel, and partly to confirm their faith in the prospect of the difficult enterprise on which they were entering, the invasion of Canaan.
3 Rameses--generally identified with Heroopoils, now the modern Abu-Keisheid (see on
Exod 12:37), which was probably the capital of Goshen, and, by direction of Moses, the place of general rendezvous previous to their departure.
4 upon their gods--used either according to Scripture phraseology to denote their rulers (the first-born of the king and his princes) or the idolatrous objects of Egyptian worship.
5 pitched in Succoth--that is, "booths"--a place of no note except as a temporary halting place, at Birketel-Hadji, the Pilgrim's Pool [CALMET].
6 Etham--edge, or border of all that part of Arabia-Petrća which lay contiguous to Egypt and was known by the general name of Shur.
7 Pi-hahiroth, Baal-zephon . . . Migdol--(See on
Exod 14:2).
8 Marah--thought to be Ain Howarah, both from its position and the time (three days) it would take them with their children and flocks to march from the water of Ayun Musa to that spot.
9 Elim--supposed to be Wady Ghurundel (see on
Exod 15:27).
10 encamped by the Red Sea--The road from Wady Ghurundel leads into the interior, in consequence of a high continuous ridge which excludes all view of the sea. At the mouth of Wady-et-Tayibeh, after about three days' march, it opens again on a plain along the margin of the Red Sea. The minute accuracy of the Scripture narrative, in corresponding so exactly with the geographical features of this region, is remarkably shown in describing the Israelites as proceeding by the only practicable route that could be taken. This plain, where they encamped, was the Desert of Sin (see on
Exod 16:1).
12 Dophkah . . . Alush . . . Rephidim--These three stations, in the great valleys of El Sheikh and Feiran, would be equivalent to four days' journey for such a host. Rephidim (
Exod 17:6) was in Horeb, the burnt region--a generic name for a hot, mountainous country. [See on
Exod 17:1.]
15 wilderness of Sinai--the Wady Er-Raheh.
16 FROM SINAI TO KADESH AND PLAINS OF MOAB. (Num. 33:16-56)
Kibroth-Hattaavah ("the graves of lust," see on
Num 11:34) --The route, on breaking up the encampment at Sinai, led down Wady Sheikh; then crossing Jebel-et-Tih, which intersected the peninsula, they descended into Wady Zalaka, pitching successively at two brief, though memorable, stations (
Deut 9:22); then they encamped at Hazeroth ("unwalled villages"), supposed to be at Ain-Hadera (see on
Num 11:35). Kadesh, or Kadesh-barnea, is supposed to be the great valley of the Ghor, and the city Kadesh to have been situated on the border of this valley [BURCKHARDT; ROBINSON]. But as there are no less than eighteen stations inserted between Hazeroth and Kadesh, and only eleven days were spent in performing that journey (
Deut 1:2), it is evident that the intermediate stations here recorded belong to another and totally different visit to Kadesh. The first was when they left Sinai in the second month (
Num 1:11;
Num 13:20), and were in Kadesh in August (
Deut 1:45), and "abode many days" in it. Then, murmuring at the report of the spies, they were commanded to return into the desert "by the way of the Red Sea." The arrival at Kadesh, mentioned in this catalogue, corresponds to the second sojourn at that place, being the first month, or April (
Num 20:1). Between the two visits there intervened a period of thirty-eight years, during which they wandered hither and thither through all the region of El-Tih ("wanderings"), often returning to the same spots as the pastoral necessities of their flocks required; and there is the strongest reason for believing that the stations named between Hazeroth (
Num 33:8) and Kadesh (
Num 33:36) belong to the long interval of wandering. No certainty has yet been attained in ascertaining the locale of many of these stations. There must have been more than are recorded; for it is probable that those only are noted where they remained some time, where the tabernacle was pitched, and where Moses and the elders encamped, the people being scattered for pasture in various directions. From Ezion-geber, for instance, which stood at the head of the gulf of Akaba, to Kadesh, could not be much less than the whole length of the great valley of the Ghor, a distance of not less than a hundred miles, whatever might be the exact situation of Kadesh; and, of course, there must have been several intervening stations, though none are mentioned. The incidents and stages of the rest of the journey to the plains of Moab are sufficiently explicit from the preceding chapters.
18 Rithmah ("the place of the broom")--a station possibly in some wady extending westward of the Ghor.
19 Rimmon-parez, or Rimmon--a city of Judah and Simeon (
Josh 15:32); Libnah, so called from its white poplars (
Josh 10:29), or, as some think, a white hill between Kadesh and Gaza (
Josh 10:29); Rissah (El-arish); mount Shapher (Cassius); Moseroth, adjacent to mount Hor, in Wady Mousa. Ezion-geber, near Akaba, a seaport on the western shore of the Elanitic gulf; Wilderness of Zin, on the east side of the peninsula of Sinai; Punon, in the rocky ravines of mount Hor and famous for the mines and quarries in its vicinity as well as for its fruit trees, now Tafyle, on the border of Edom; Abarim, a ridge of rugged hills northwest of the Arnon--the part called Nebo was one of its highest peaks--opposite Jericho. (See on
Deut 10:6).
50 ye shall drive out all the inhabitants of the land from before you--not, however, by expulsion, but extermination (
Deut 7:1).
and destroy all their pictures--obelisks for idolatrous worship (see on
Lev 26:1).
and destroy all their molten images, and quite pluck down all their high places--by metonymy for all their groves and altars, and materials of worship on the tops of hills.
54 ye shall divide the land by lot--The particular locality of each tribe was to be determined in this manner while a line was to be used in measuring the proportion (
Josh 18:10;
Ps 16:5-
Ps 16:6).
55 But if ye will not drive out the inhabitants of the land from before you--No associations were to be formed with the inhabitants; otherwise, "if ye let remain, they will be pricks in your eyes, and thorns in your sides"--that is, they would prove troublesome and dangerous neighbors, enticing to idolatry, and consequently depriving you of the divine favor and blessing. The neglect of the counsel against union with the idolatrous inhabitants became fatal to them. This earnest admonition given to the Israelites in their peculiar circumstances conveys a salutary lesson to us to allow no lurking habits of sin to remain in us. That spiritual enemy must be eradicated from our nature; otherwise it will be ruinous to our present peace and future salvation.