1Y los de Efraín le dijeron: ¿Qué es esto que has hecho con nosotros, no llamándonos cuando ibas a la guerra contra Madián? Y lo regañaron fuertemente. 2Y él les respondió: ¿Qué he hecho yo ahora en comparación con vosotros? ¿No es el rebusco de Efraín mejor que la vendimia de Abiezer? 3Dios ha entregado en vuestras manos a Oreb y a Zeeb, príncipes de Madián: ¿y qué pude hacer yo en comparación con vosotros? Entonces el enojo de ellos contra él se aplacó, luego que él habló esta palabra. 4Y vino Gedeón al Jordán para pasar, él y los trescientos hombres que traía consigo, cansados, pero todavía persiguiendo. 5Y dijo a los de Sucot: Yo os ruego que deis a la gente que me sigue algunos bocados de pan; porque están cansados, y yo persigo a Zeba y a Zalmuna, reyes de Madián. 6Y los principales de Sucot respondieron: ¿Está ya la mano de Zeba y Zalmuna en tu mano, para que tengamos que dar pan a tu ejército? 7Y Gedeón dijo: Pues cuando Jehová hubiere entregado en mi mano a Zeba y a Zalmuna, yo trillaré vuestra carne con espinas y abrojos del desierto. 8Y de allí subió a Peniel, y les habló las mismas palabras. Y los de Peniel le respondieron como habían respondido los de Sucot. 9Y él habló también a los de Peniel, diciendo: Cuando yo tornare en paz, derribaré esta torre. 10Y Zeba y Zalmuna estaban en Carcor, y con ellos su ejército de como quince mil hombres, todos los que habían quedado de todo el campamento de los orientales; y los muertos habían sido ciento veinte mil hombres que sacaban espada. 11Y subiendo Gedeón hacia los que habitaban en tiendas, a la parte oriental de Noba y de Jogbeha, hirió el campamento, porque el ejército estaba seguro. 12Y huyendo Zeba y Zalmuna, él los siguió; y capturó a los dos reyes de Madián, Zeba y Zalmuna, y atemorizó a todo el ejército. 13Y Gedeón hijo de Joás volvió de la batalla antes que el sol subiera; 14y tomó un joven de los de Sucot, y preguntándole, él le dio por escrito los principales de Sucot y sus ancianos, setenta y siete varones. 15Y entrando a los de Sucot, dijo: He aquí a Zeba y a Zalmuna, sobre los cuales me injuriasteis, diciendo: ¿Está ya la mano de Zeba y de Zalmuna en tu mano, para que demos nosotros pan a tus hombres cansados? 16Y tomó a los ancianos de la ciudad, y espinas y abrojos del desierto, y castigó con ellos a los de Sucot. 17Asimismo derribó la torre de Peniel, y mató a los de la ciudad. 18Luego dijo a Zeba y a Zalmuna: ¿Qué aspecto tenían aquellos hombres que matasteis en Tabor? Y ellos respondieron: Como tú, así eran ellos ni más ni menos, cada uno parecía hijo de rey. 19Y él dijo: Mis hermanos eran, hijos de mi madre: ¡Vive Jehová, que si les hubierais guardado la vida, yo no os mataría! 20Y dijo a Jeter su primogénito: Levántate, y mátalos. Mas el joven no desenvainó su espada, porque tenía temor; pues aún era muchacho. 21Entonces dijo Zeba y Zalmuna: Levántate tú, y mátanos; porque como es el varón, tal es su valentía. Y Gedeón se levantó, y mató a Zeba y a Zalmuna; y tomó los adornos de lunetas que sus camellos traían al cuello. 22Y los israelitas dijeron a Gedeón: Sé nuestro señor, tú, y tu hijo, y tu nieto; pues que nos has librado de mano de Madián. 23Mas Gedeón respondió: No seré señor sobre vosotros, ni mi hijo os señoreará: Jehová será vuestro Señor. 24Y les dijo Gedeón: Deseo haceros una petición, que cada uno me dé los zarcillos de su despojo. (Porque traían zarcillos de oro, porque eran ismaelitas.) 25Y ellos respondieron: De buena gana los daremos. Y tendiendo una ropa de vestir, echó allí cada uno los zarcillos de su despojo. 26Y fue el peso de los zarcillos de oro que él pidió, mil setecientos siclos de oro; sin las planchas, y joyeles, y vestiduras de púrpura que portaban los reyes de Madián, y sin los collares que traían sus camellos al cuello. 27Y Gedeón hizo de ellos un efod, el cual hizo guardar en su ciudad de Ofra; y todo Israel fornicó tras de ese efod en aquel lugar; y fue por tropiezo a Gedeón y a su casa. 28Así fue humillado Madián delante de los hijos de Israel, y nunca más levantaron su cabeza. Y reposó la tierra cuarenta años en los días de Gedeón. 29Y Jerobaal hijo de Joás fue, y habitó en su casa. 30Y tuvo Gedeón setenta hijos que salieron de su muslo, porque tuvo muchas esposas. 31Y su concubina que estaba en Siquem, también le dio a luz un hijo; y le puso por nombre Abimelec. 32Y murió Gedeón hijo de Joás en buena vejez, y fue sepultado en el sepulcro de su padre Joás, en Ofra de los abiezeritas. 33Y aconteció que cuando murió Gedeón, los hijos de Israel volvieron a prostituirse en pos de los Baales, e hicieron de Baal-berit su dios. 34Y no se acordaron los hijos de Israel de Jehová su Dios, que los había librado de todos sus enemigos alrededor; 35ni correspondieron con bondad a la casa de Jerobaal, el cual es Gedeón conforme a todo el bien que él había hecho a Israel.
Jamieson Fausset Brown Bible Commentary 1 THE EPHRAIMITES OFFENDED, BUT PACIFIED. (
Judg 8:1-
Judg 8:9)
the men of Ephraim said unto him, Why hast thou served us thus?--Where this complaint was made, whether before or after the crossing of the Jordan, cannot be determined. By the overthrow of the national enemy, the Ephraimites were benefited as largely as any of the other neighboring tribes. But, piqued at not having been sharers in the glory of the victory, their leading men could not repress their wounded pride; and the occasion only served to bring out an old and deep-seated feeling of jealous rivalry that subsisted between the tribes (
Isa 9:21). The discontent was groundless, for Gideon acted according to divine directions. Besides, as their tribe was conterminous with that of Gideon, they might, had they been really fired with the flame of patriotic zeal, have volunteered their services in a movement against the common enemy.
2 he said unto them, What have I done now in comparison of you?--His mild and truly modest answer breathes the spirit of a great as well as good man, who was calm, collected, and self-possessed in the midst of most exciting scenes. It succeeded in throwing oil on the troubled waters (
Pro 16:1), and no wonder, for in the height of generous self-denial, it ascribes to his querulous brethren a greater share of merit and glory than belonged to himself (
1Cor 13:4;
Phil 2:3).
4 Gideon came to Jordan, and passed over--much exhausted, but eager to continue the pursuit till the victory was consummated.
5 he said unto the men of Succoth--that is, a place of tents or booths. The name seems to have been applied to the whole part of the Jordan valley on the west, as well as on the east side of the river, all belonging to the tribe of Gad (compare
Gen 33:17;
1Kgs 7:46; with
Josh 13:27). Being engaged in the common cause of all Israel, he had a right to expect support and encouragement from his countrymen everywhere.
6 the princes of Succoth said, Are the hands of Zebah and Zalmunna now in thine hand--an insolent as well as a time-serving reply. It was insolent because it implied a bitter taunt that Gideon was counting with confidence on a victory which they believed he would not gain; and it was time-serving, because living in the near neighborhood of the Midianite sheiks, they dreaded the future vengeance of those roving chiefs. This contumelious manner of acting was heartless and disgraceful in people who were of Israelitish blood.
7 I will tear your flesh with the thorns of the wilderness and with briers--a cruel torture, to which captives were often subjected in ancient times, by having thorns and briers placed on their naked bodies and pressed down by sledges, or heavy implements of husbandry being dragged over them.
8 he went up thence to Penuel, and spake unto them likewise--a neighboring city, situated also in the territory of Gad, near the Jabbok, and honored with this name by Jacob (
Gen 32:30-
Gen 32:31).
9 he spake . . ., When I come again in peace, I will break down this tower--Intent on the pursuit, and afraid of losing time, he postponed the merited vengeance till his return. His confident anticipation of a triumphant return evinces the strength of his faith; and his specific threat was probably provoked by some proud and presumptuous boast, that in their lofty watchtower the Penuelites would set him at defiance.
10 ZEBAH AND ZALMUNNA TAKEN. (Jdg. 8:10-27)
Now Zebah and Zalmunna were in Karkor--a town on the eastern confines of Gad. The wreck of the Midianite army halted there.
11 Gideon went up by the way of them that dwelt in tents on the east--He tracked the fugitives across the mountain range of Gilead to the northeast of the Jabbok, and there came upon them unexpectedly while they were resting secure among their own nomadic tribes. Jogbehah is supposed to be Ramoth-gilead; and, therefore, the Midianites must have found refuge at or near Abela, "Abel-cheramim," "the plain of the vineyards."
12 when Zebah and Zalmunna fled, he pursued after them--A third conflict took place. His arrival at their last quarters, which was by an unwonted path, took the fugitives by surprise, and the conquest of the Midianite horde was there completed.
13 Gideon returned from battle before the sun was up--He seems to have returned by a nearer route to Succoth, for what is rendered in our version "before the sun was up," means "the heights of Heres, the sun-hills."
14 he described--wrote the names of the seventy princes or elders. It was from them he had received so inhospitable a treatment.
16 he took . . . the thorns of the wilderness and briers, and with them he taught the men of Succoth--By refusing his soldiers refreshment, they had committed a public crime, as well as an act of inhumanity, and were subjected to a horrible punishment, which the great abundance and remarkable size of the thorn bushes, together with the thinness of clothing in the East, has probably suggested.
18 Then said he unto Zebah and Zalmunna, What manner of men were they whom ye slew at Tabor?--This was one of the countless atrocities which the Midianite chiefs had perpetrated during their seven years' lawless occupancy. It is noticed now for the first time when their fate was about to be determined.
each one resembled the children of a king--An Orientalism for great beauty, majesty of appearance, uncommon strength, and grandeur of form.
19 They were my brethren, even the sons of my mother--That is, uterine brothers; but, in all countries where polygamy prevails, "the son of my mother" implies a closeness of relationship and a warmth of affection never awakened by the looser term, "brother."
20 he said unto Jether his first-born, Up, and slay them--The nearest of kin was the blood-avenger; but a magistrate might order any one to do the work of the executioner; and the person selected was always of a rank equal or proportioned to that of the party doomed to suffer (
1Kgs 2:29). Gideon intended, then, by the order to Jether, to put an honor on his son, by employing him to slay two enemies of his country; and on the youth declining, he performed the bloody deed himself.
22 the men of Israel said unto Gideon, Rule thou over us . . . Gideon said unto them, the Lord shall rule over you--Their unbounded admiration and gratitude prompted them, in the enthusiasm of the moment, to raise their deliverer to a throne, and to establish a royal dynasty in his house. But Gideon knew too well, and revered too piously the principles of the theocracy, to entertain the proposal for a moment. Personal and family ambition was cheerfully sacrificed to a sense of duty, and every worldly motive was kept in check by a supreme regard to the divine honor. He would willingly act as judge, but the Lord alone was King of Israel.
24 Gideon said unto them, I would desire a request of you--This was the contribution of an earring (singular). As the ancient Arabians (Ishmaelites and Midianites being synonymous terms,
Gen 37:25,
Gen 37:28) were gorgeously adorned with barbaric pearl and gold, an immense amount of such valuable booty had fallen into the hands of the Israelitish soldiers. The contribution was liberally made, and the quantity of gold given to him is estimated at Ł3113 sterling.
26 ornaments--crescent-like plates of gold suspended from the necks, or placed on the breasts of the camels.
collars--rather, "earrings," or drops of gold or pearl.
purple--a royal color. The ancient, as well as modern Arabs, adorned the necks, breasts, and legs, of their riding animals with sumptuous housing.
27 Gideon made an ephod thereof, and put it in his city, . . . Ophrah--That no idolatrous use was in view, nor any divisive course from Shiloh contemplated, is manifest from
Judg 8:33. Gideon proposed, with the gold he received, to make an ephod for his use only as a civil magistrate or ruler, as David did (
1Chr 15:27), and a magnificent pectoral or breastplate also. It would seem, from the history, that he was not blamable in making this ephod, as a civil robe or ornament merely, but that it afterward became an object to which religious ideas were attached; whereby it proved a snare, and consequently an evil, by perversion, to Gideon and his house [TAYLOR, Fragments].
28 MIDIAN SUBDUED. (
Judg 8:28)
Thus was Midian subdued before the children of Israel--This invasion of the Arab hordes into Canaan was as alarming and desolating as the irruption of the Huns into Europe. It was the severest scourge ever inflicted upon Israel; and both it and the deliverance under Gideon lived for centuries in the minds of the people (
Ps 83:11).