1Alors les hommes d'Éphraïm dirent à Gédéon: Pourquoi nous as-tu fait ceci, de ne pas nous appeler, quand tu es allé à la guerre contre les Madianites? Et ils le querellèrent avec violence. 2Mais il leur répondit: Qu'ai-je fait en comparaison de vous? Les grappillages d'Éphraïm ne valent-ils pas mieux que la vendange d'Abiézer? 3Dieu a livré entre vos mains les chefs des Madianites, Oreb et Zéeb. Qu'ai-je pu faire en comparaison de vous? Et leur esprit fut apaisé envers lui, quand il leur eut dit cette parole. 4Or Gédéon, étant arrivé au Jourdain, le passa; mais les trois cents hommes qui étaient avec lui, étaient fatigués, et cependant ils poursuivaient l'ennemi. 5Il dit donc aux gens de Succoth: Donnez, je vous prie, quelques pains au peuple qui me suit, car ils sont fatigués; et je poursuivrai Zébach et Tsalmuna, rois des Madianites. 6Mais les principaux de Succoth répondirent: Tiens-tu déjà dans ta main le poignet de Zébach et de Tsalmuna, pour que nous donnions du pain à ton armée? 7Et Gédéon dit: Eh bien! Lorsque YEHOVAH aura livré Zébach et Tsalmuna entre mes mains, je briserai votre chair avec des épines du désert et avec des chardons. 8Puis de là il monta à Pénuël, et il parla de la même manière à ceux de Pénuël. Et les gens de Pénuël lui répondirent comme les gens de Succoth avaient répondu. 9Il dit donc aussi aux hommes de Pénuël: Quand je retournerai en paix, je démolirai cette tour. 10Or, Zébach et Tsalmuna étaient à Karkor, et leurs armées avec eux, environ quinze mille hommes, tout ce qui restait de l'armée entière des fils de l'Orient; car il y avait cent vingt mille hommes, tirant l'épée, qui étaient tombés. 11Et Gédéon monta par le chemin de ceux qui habitent sous les tentes, à l'orient de Nobach et de Jogbéha, et défit l'armée qui se croyait en sûreté. 12Et comme Zébach et Tsalmuna fuyaient, il les poursuivit; il s'empara des deux rois de Madian, Zébach et Tsalmuna, et mit en déroute toute l'armée. 13Puis Gédéon, fils de Joas, revint de la bataille, par la montée de Hérès. 14Et il prit un jeune garçon de Succoth, qu'il interrogea, et qui lui donna par écrit les noms des principaux de Succoth et de ses anciens, soixante et dix-sept hommes. 15Puis il vint vers les gens de Succoth, et dit: Voici Zébach et Tsalmuna, au sujet desquels vous m'avez insulté, en disant: Tiens-tu déjà dans ta main le poignet de Zébach et de Tsalmuna, pour que nous donnions du pain à tes gens fatigués? 16Et il prit les anciens de la ville, et des épines du désert et des chardons, et il châtia les hommes de Succoth. 17Il démolit aussi la tour de Pénuël, et fit mourir les principaux de la ville. 18Puis il dit à Zébach et à Tsalmuna: Comment étaient faits ces hommes que vous avez tués au Thabor? Ils répondirent: Ils étaient tels que toi; chacun d'eux avait la taille d'un fils de roi. 19Et il leur dit: C'étaient mes frères, enfants de ma mère. YEHOVAH est vivant, si vous leur eussiez sauvé la vie, je ne vous tuerais point. 20Puis il dit à Jéther, son premier-né: Lève-toi, tue-les! Mais le jeune garçon ne tira point son épée, parce qu'il craignait; car c'était encore un jeune garçon. 21Et Zébach et Tsalmuna dirent: Lève-toi toi-même, et jette-toi sur nous; car tel est l'homme, telle est sa force. Et Gédéon se leva, et tua Zébach et Tsalmuna. Puis il prit les croissants qui étaient aux cous de leurs chameaux. 22Et les hommes d'Israël dirent à Gédéon: Règne sur nous, toi et ton fils, et le fils de ton fils; car tu nous as délivrés de la main des Madianites. 23Mais Gédéon leur répondit: Je ne dominerai point sur vous, et mon fils ne dominera point sur vous; c'est YEHOVAH qui dominera sur vous. 24Et Gédéon leur dit: Je vous ferai une demande; c'est que vous me donniez, chacun de vous, les bagues d'or qu'il a eues pour butin. Car les ennemis avaient des bagues d'or, parce qu'ils étaient Ismaélites. 25Et ils répondirent: Nous les donnerons volontiers. Et, étendant un manteau, tous y jetèrent les bagues de leur butin. 26Et le poids des bagues d'or qu'il avait demandées, fut de mille et sept cents sicles d'or, sans les croissants, les boucles d'oreilles et les vêtements d'écarlate qui étaient sur les rois de Madian, et sans les croissants qui étaient aux cous de leurs chameaux. 27Et Gédéon en fit un éphod, et il le plaça dans sa ville, à Ophra. Tout Israël s'y prostitua après lui, et ce fut un piège pour Gédéon et pour sa maison. 28Ainsi Madian fut humilié devant les enfants d'Israël, et il ne leva plus la tête; et le pays fut en repos quarante ans, aux jours de Gédéon. 29Jérubbaal, fils de Joas, s'en revint, et demeura dans sa maison. 30Or Gédéon eut soixante et dix fils, qui naquirent de lui, car il eut plusieurs femmes. 31Et sa concubine, qui était à Sichem, lui enfanta aussi un fils, et on l'appela du nom d'Abimélec. 32Puis Gédéon, fils de Joas, mourut dans une bonne vieillesse, et il fut enseveli dans le tombeau de Joas son père, à Ophra des Abiézérites. 33Après que Gédéon fut mort, les enfants d'Israël recommencèrent à se prostituer après les Baalim, et se donnèrent pour dieu Baal-Bérith. 34Ainsi les enfants d'Israël ne se souvinrent pas de YEHOVAH leur Dieu, qui les avait délivrés de la main de tous leurs ennemis d'alentour; 35Et ils n'usèrent pas de gratitude envers la maison de Jérubbaal-Gédéon, après tout le bien qu'il avait fait à Israël.
Jamieson Fausset Brown Bible Commentary 1 THE EPHRAIMITES OFFENDED, BUT PACIFIED. (
Judg 8:1-
Judg 8:9)
the men of Ephraim said unto him, Why hast thou served us thus?--Where this complaint was made, whether before or after the crossing of the Jordan, cannot be determined. By the overthrow of the national enemy, the Ephraimites were benefited as largely as any of the other neighboring tribes. But, piqued at not having been sharers in the glory of the victory, their leading men could not repress their wounded pride; and the occasion only served to bring out an old and deep-seated feeling of jealous rivalry that subsisted between the tribes (
Isa 9:21). The discontent was groundless, for Gideon acted according to divine directions. Besides, as their tribe was conterminous with that of Gideon, they might, had they been really fired with the flame of patriotic zeal, have volunteered their services in a movement against the common enemy.
2 he said unto them, What have I done now in comparison of you?--His mild and truly modest answer breathes the spirit of a great as well as good man, who was calm, collected, and self-possessed in the midst of most exciting scenes. It succeeded in throwing oil on the troubled waters (
Pro 16:1), and no wonder, for in the height of generous self-denial, it ascribes to his querulous brethren a greater share of merit and glory than belonged to himself (
1Cor 13:4;
Phil 2:3).
4 Gideon came to Jordan, and passed over--much exhausted, but eager to continue the pursuit till the victory was consummated.
5 he said unto the men of Succoth--that is, a place of tents or booths. The name seems to have been applied to the whole part of the Jordan valley on the west, as well as on the east side of the river, all belonging to the tribe of Gad (compare
Gen 33:17;
1Kgs 7:46; with
Josh 13:27). Being engaged in the common cause of all Israel, he had a right to expect support and encouragement from his countrymen everywhere.
6 the princes of Succoth said, Are the hands of Zebah and Zalmunna now in thine hand--an insolent as well as a time-serving reply. It was insolent because it implied a bitter taunt that Gideon was counting with confidence on a victory which they believed he would not gain; and it was time-serving, because living in the near neighborhood of the Midianite sheiks, they dreaded the future vengeance of those roving chiefs. This contumelious manner of acting was heartless and disgraceful in people who were of Israelitish blood.
7 I will tear your flesh with the thorns of the wilderness and with briers--a cruel torture, to which captives were often subjected in ancient times, by having thorns and briers placed on their naked bodies and pressed down by sledges, or heavy implements of husbandry being dragged over them.
8 he went up thence to Penuel, and spake unto them likewise--a neighboring city, situated also in the territory of Gad, near the Jabbok, and honored with this name by Jacob (
Gen 32:30-
Gen 32:31).
9 he spake . . ., When I come again in peace, I will break down this tower--Intent on the pursuit, and afraid of losing time, he postponed the merited vengeance till his return. His confident anticipation of a triumphant return evinces the strength of his faith; and his specific threat was probably provoked by some proud and presumptuous boast, that in their lofty watchtower the Penuelites would set him at defiance.
10 ZEBAH AND ZALMUNNA TAKEN. (Jdg. 8:10-27)
Now Zebah and Zalmunna were in Karkor--a town on the eastern confines of Gad. The wreck of the Midianite army halted there.
11 Gideon went up by the way of them that dwelt in tents on the east--He tracked the fugitives across the mountain range of Gilead to the northeast of the Jabbok, and there came upon them unexpectedly while they were resting secure among their own nomadic tribes. Jogbehah is supposed to be Ramoth-gilead; and, therefore, the Midianites must have found refuge at or near Abela, "Abel-cheramim," "the plain of the vineyards."
12 when Zebah and Zalmunna fled, he pursued after them--A third conflict took place. His arrival at their last quarters, which was by an unwonted path, took the fugitives by surprise, and the conquest of the Midianite horde was there completed.
13 Gideon returned from battle before the sun was up--He seems to have returned by a nearer route to Succoth, for what is rendered in our version "before the sun was up," means "the heights of Heres, the sun-hills."
14 he described--wrote the names of the seventy princes or elders. It was from them he had received so inhospitable a treatment.
16 he took . . . the thorns of the wilderness and briers, and with them he taught the men of Succoth--By refusing his soldiers refreshment, they had committed a public crime, as well as an act of inhumanity, and were subjected to a horrible punishment, which the great abundance and remarkable size of the thorn bushes, together with the thinness of clothing in the East, has probably suggested.
18 Then said he unto Zebah and Zalmunna, What manner of men were they whom ye slew at Tabor?--This was one of the countless atrocities which the Midianite chiefs had perpetrated during their seven years' lawless occupancy. It is noticed now for the first time when their fate was about to be determined.
each one resembled the children of a king--An Orientalism for great beauty, majesty of appearance, uncommon strength, and grandeur of form.
19 They were my brethren, even the sons of my mother--That is, uterine brothers; but, in all countries where polygamy prevails, "the son of my mother" implies a closeness of relationship and a warmth of affection never awakened by the looser term, "brother."
20 he said unto Jether his first-born, Up, and slay them--The nearest of kin was the blood-avenger; but a magistrate might order any one to do the work of the executioner; and the person selected was always of a rank equal or proportioned to that of the party doomed to suffer (
1Kgs 2:29). Gideon intended, then, by the order to Jether, to put an honor on his son, by employing him to slay two enemies of his country; and on the youth declining, he performed the bloody deed himself.
22 the men of Israel said unto Gideon, Rule thou over us . . . Gideon said unto them, the Lord shall rule over you--Their unbounded admiration and gratitude prompted them, in the enthusiasm of the moment, to raise their deliverer to a throne, and to establish a royal dynasty in his house. But Gideon knew too well, and revered too piously the principles of the theocracy, to entertain the proposal for a moment. Personal and family ambition was cheerfully sacrificed to a sense of duty, and every worldly motive was kept in check by a supreme regard to the divine honor. He would willingly act as judge, but the Lord alone was King of Israel.
24 Gideon said unto them, I would desire a request of you--This was the contribution of an earring (singular). As the ancient Arabians (Ishmaelites and Midianites being synonymous terms,
Gen 37:25,
Gen 37:28) were gorgeously adorned with barbaric pearl and gold, an immense amount of such valuable booty had fallen into the hands of the Israelitish soldiers. The contribution was liberally made, and the quantity of gold given to him is estimated at Ł3113 sterling.
26 ornaments--crescent-like plates of gold suspended from the necks, or placed on the breasts of the camels.
collars--rather, "earrings," or drops of gold or pearl.
purple--a royal color. The ancient, as well as modern Arabs, adorned the necks, breasts, and legs, of their riding animals with sumptuous housing.
27 Gideon made an ephod thereof, and put it in his city, . . . Ophrah--That no idolatrous use was in view, nor any divisive course from Shiloh contemplated, is manifest from
Judg 8:33. Gideon proposed, with the gold he received, to make an ephod for his use only as a civil magistrate or ruler, as David did (
1Chr 15:27), and a magnificent pectoral or breastplate also. It would seem, from the history, that he was not blamable in making this ephod, as a civil robe or ornament merely, but that it afterward became an object to which religious ideas were attached; whereby it proved a snare, and consequently an evil, by perversion, to Gideon and his house [TAYLOR, Fragments].
28 MIDIAN SUBDUED. (
Judg 8:28)
Thus was Midian subdued before the children of Israel--This invasion of the Arab hordes into Canaan was as alarming and desolating as the irruption of the Huns into Europe. It was the severest scourge ever inflicted upon Israel; and both it and the deliverance under Gideon lived for centuries in the minds of the people (
Ps 83:11).