1Und die Männer von Ephraim sprachen zu ihm: Warum hast du uns das gethan, daß du uns nicht gerufen hast, da du auszogest, zu streiten gegen Midian? Und sie haderten heftig mit ihm. 2Und er sprach zu ihnen: Was habe ich euch nun gethan, wie ihr? Ist nicht die Nachlese Ephraims besser, als die Weinlese Abiesers? 3In eure Hände hat Gott die Fürsten Midians, Oreb und Seeb, gegeben; aber was habe ich vermocht zu thun, wie ihr? da ließ nach ihr Zorn über ihn, als er dieß Wort redete. 4Als Gideon an den Jordan kam, ging er hinüber mit den drei hundert Mann, die bei ihm waren. Sie waren ermüdet, da sie verfolgt hatten. 5Und er sprach zu den Männern von Sukkoth: Gebet doch Brodkuchen dem Volke, das mir folgt; denn sie sind ermüdet; und ich verfolge Sebah und Zalmunna, die Könige Midians. 6Da sprachen die Fürsten von Sukkoth: Ist die Handfläche Sebahs und Zalmunna's schon in deiner Hand, daß wir Brod geben sollen deinem Heere? 7Und Gideon sprach: Wahrlich! wenn Jehova Sebah und Zalmunna in meine Hand gegeben hat; so will ich euer Fleisch mit Dornen aus der Wüste, und mit Dreschwagen dreschen. 8Und er zog von da hinauf nach Penuel, und redete zu diesen ebenso. Aber die Männer von Penuel antworteten ihm, wie die Männer von Sukkoth geantwortet hatten. 9Und er sprach auch zu den Männern von Penuel, und sagte: Komme ich glücklich zurück, so will ich diesen Thurm niederreißen. 10Und Sebah und Zalmunna waren in Karkor, und ihr Lager mit ihnen, bei fünfzehn tausend Mann, alle noch Uebrigen vom ganzen Lager der Söhne des Morgenlandes; und die Gefallenen waren hundert zwanzig tausend Mann, die das Schwert gezogen. 11Und Gideon zog hinauf den Weg der Zeltbewohner auf der Ostseite von Nobah und Jogbeha, und schlug das Lager, da das Lager sicher war. 12Und es flohen Sebah und Zalmunna. Und er setzte ihnen nach, und ergriff die beiden Könige Midians, Sebah und Zalmunna, und setzte das ganze Lager in Schrecken. 13Und es kehrte Gideon, der Sohn des Joasch, zurück aus dem Kriege, von der Höhe Hares; 14und er ergriff einen Knaben von den Männern von Sukkoth, und fragte ihn.Und dieser schrieb ihm auf die Fürsten von Sukkoth, und ihre Aeltesten, sieben und siebenzig Mann. 15Und er kam zu den Männern von Sukoth, und sprach: Siehe! hier ist Sebah und Zalmunna, wegen welcher ihr mich geschmäht habet, indem ihr sprachet: Ist die Handfläche Sebahs und Zalmunna's schon in deiner Hand, daß wir deinen ermüdeten Leuten Brod geben sollen? 16Und er nahm die Aeltesten der Stadt, und Dornen aus der Wüste und Dreschwagen, und strafte damit die Männer von Sukkoth. 17Auch den Thurm Penuel riß er nieder, und erwürgte die Männer der Stadt. 18Und er sprach zu Sebah und zu Zalmunna: Wie waren die Männer, welche ihr auf dem Thabor erwürgtet? Und sie sprachen: Wie du, so waren sie, und Einer wie die Gestalt von Königssöhnen. 19Und er sprach: Meine Brüder, die Söhne meiner Mutter waren dieß. So wahr Jehova lebt! hättet ihr sie am Leben gelassen, ich würde euch jetzt nicht erwürgen. 20Und er sprach zu Jether, seinem Erstgebornen: Auf, erwürge sie! Aber der Knabe zog sein Schwert nicht, denn er fürchtete sich, weil er noch ein Knabe war. 21Da sprachen Sebah und Zalmunna: Mache du dich auf, und erschlage uns! denn wie der Mann, so seine Stärke. Da machte sich Gideon auf, und erwürgte Sebah und Zalmunna; und nahm die kleinen Monde, welche an den Hälsen ihrer Kameele waren. 22Und die Männer Israels sprachen zu Gideon: Herrsche über uns sowohl du, als dein Sohn, und der Sohn deines Sohnes, weil du uns gerettet hast aus der Hand Midians. 23Und Gideon sprach zu ihnen: Ich will nicht herrschen über euch, und mein Sohn soll nicht herrschen über euch; Jehova soll über euch herrschen. 24Und Gideon sprach zu ihnen: Eine Bitte will ich an euch thun! Gebet mir Jeder die Ohrringe seiner Beute. Denn sie hatten goldene Ohrringe, weil sie Ismaeliter waren. 25Und sie sprachen: Gerne geben wir sie. Und sie breiteten ein Kleid aus, und Jeder warf darauf die Ohrringe seiner Beute. 26Und es war das Gewicht der goldenen Ohrringe, welche er sich erbeten hatte, tausend und sieben hundert Sekel Goldes, außer den kleinen Monden, und Ohrgehängen, und Purpurkleidern, welche die Könige Midians trugen, und außer dem Schmucke, der an den Hälsen ihrer Kameele war. 27Und Gideon machte ein Ephod daraus, und stellte es auf in seiner Stadt, in Ophra. Und ganz Israel hurte ihm daselbst nach; und es wurde Gideon und seinem Hause zum Fallstrick. 28Also wurde Midian gedemüthigt vor den Söhnen Israels, und sie hoben ihr Haupt nicht wieder empor; und das Land hatte Ruhe vierzig Jahre in den Tagen Gideons. 29Und Jerub-Baal, der Sohn des Joasch, ging, und wohnete in seinem Hause. 30Und Gideon hatte siebenzig Söhne, die aus seiner Lende entsprossen waren; denn er hatte viele Weiber. 31Und sein Nebenweib, die in Sichem war, gebar ihm ebenfalls einen Sohn, dem er den Namen Abimelech beilegte. 32Und Gideon, der Sohn des Joasch, starb in gutem Alter, und wurde begraben in dem Grabe des Joasch, seines Vaters, zu Ophra des Abiesriters. 33Und es geschah, als Gideon todt war, da hurten wieder die Söhne Israels den Baalim nach, und machten sich Baal-Berith zum Gott. 34Und die Söhne Israels erinnerten sich nicht an Jehova, ihren Gott, der sie errettet hatte aus der Hand aller ihrer Feinde ringsumher. 35Und sie übten keine Barmherzigkeit an dem Hause Jerub-Baals, Gideons, nach all dem Guten, das er an Israel gethan hatte.
Jamieson Fausset Brown Bible Commentary 1 THE EPHRAIMITES OFFENDED, BUT PACIFIED. (
Judg 8:1-
Judg 8:9)
the men of Ephraim said unto him, Why hast thou served us thus?--Where this complaint was made, whether before or after the crossing of the Jordan, cannot be determined. By the overthrow of the national enemy, the Ephraimites were benefited as largely as any of the other neighboring tribes. But, piqued at not having been sharers in the glory of the victory, their leading men could not repress their wounded pride; and the occasion only served to bring out an old and deep-seated feeling of jealous rivalry that subsisted between the tribes (
Isa 9:21). The discontent was groundless, for Gideon acted according to divine directions. Besides, as their tribe was conterminous with that of Gideon, they might, had they been really fired with the flame of patriotic zeal, have volunteered their services in a movement against the common enemy.
2 he said unto them, What have I done now in comparison of you?--His mild and truly modest answer breathes the spirit of a great as well as good man, who was calm, collected, and self-possessed in the midst of most exciting scenes. It succeeded in throwing oil on the troubled waters (
Pro 16:1), and no wonder, for in the height of generous self-denial, it ascribes to his querulous brethren a greater share of merit and glory than belonged to himself (
1Cor 13:4;
Phil 2:3).
4 Gideon came to Jordan, and passed over--much exhausted, but eager to continue the pursuit till the victory was consummated.
5 he said unto the men of Succoth--that is, a place of tents or booths. The name seems to have been applied to the whole part of the Jordan valley on the west, as well as on the east side of the river, all belonging to the tribe of Gad (compare
Gen 33:17;
1Kgs 7:46; with
Josh 13:27). Being engaged in the common cause of all Israel, he had a right to expect support and encouragement from his countrymen everywhere.
6 the princes of Succoth said, Are the hands of Zebah and Zalmunna now in thine hand--an insolent as well as a time-serving reply. It was insolent because it implied a bitter taunt that Gideon was counting with confidence on a victory which they believed he would not gain; and it was time-serving, because living in the near neighborhood of the Midianite sheiks, they dreaded the future vengeance of those roving chiefs. This contumelious manner of acting was heartless and disgraceful in people who were of Israelitish blood.
7 I will tear your flesh with the thorns of the wilderness and with briers--a cruel torture, to which captives were often subjected in ancient times, by having thorns and briers placed on their naked bodies and pressed down by sledges, or heavy implements of husbandry being dragged over them.
8 he went up thence to Penuel, and spake unto them likewise--a neighboring city, situated also in the territory of Gad, near the Jabbok, and honored with this name by Jacob (
Gen 32:30-
Gen 32:31).
9 he spake . . ., When I come again in peace, I will break down this tower--Intent on the pursuit, and afraid of losing time, he postponed the merited vengeance till his return. His confident anticipation of a triumphant return evinces the strength of his faith; and his specific threat was probably provoked by some proud and presumptuous boast, that in their lofty watchtower the Penuelites would set him at defiance.
10 ZEBAH AND ZALMUNNA TAKEN. (Jdg. 8:10-27)
Now Zebah and Zalmunna were in Karkor--a town on the eastern confines of Gad. The wreck of the Midianite army halted there.
11 Gideon went up by the way of them that dwelt in tents on the east--He tracked the fugitives across the mountain range of Gilead to the northeast of the Jabbok, and there came upon them unexpectedly while they were resting secure among their own nomadic tribes. Jogbehah is supposed to be Ramoth-gilead; and, therefore, the Midianites must have found refuge at or near Abela, "Abel-cheramim," "the plain of the vineyards."
12 when Zebah and Zalmunna fled, he pursued after them--A third conflict took place. His arrival at their last quarters, which was by an unwonted path, took the fugitives by surprise, and the conquest of the Midianite horde was there completed.
13 Gideon returned from battle before the sun was up--He seems to have returned by a nearer route to Succoth, for what is rendered in our version "before the sun was up," means "the heights of Heres, the sun-hills."
14 he described--wrote the names of the seventy princes or elders. It was from them he had received so inhospitable a treatment.
16 he took . . . the thorns of the wilderness and briers, and with them he taught the men of Succoth--By refusing his soldiers refreshment, they had committed a public crime, as well as an act of inhumanity, and were subjected to a horrible punishment, which the great abundance and remarkable size of the thorn bushes, together with the thinness of clothing in the East, has probably suggested.
18 Then said he unto Zebah and Zalmunna, What manner of men were they whom ye slew at Tabor?--This was one of the countless atrocities which the Midianite chiefs had perpetrated during their seven years' lawless occupancy. It is noticed now for the first time when their fate was about to be determined.
each one resembled the children of a king--An Orientalism for great beauty, majesty of appearance, uncommon strength, and grandeur of form.
19 They were my brethren, even the sons of my mother--That is, uterine brothers; but, in all countries where polygamy prevails, "the son of my mother" implies a closeness of relationship and a warmth of affection never awakened by the looser term, "brother."
20 he said unto Jether his first-born, Up, and slay them--The nearest of kin was the blood-avenger; but a magistrate might order any one to do the work of the executioner; and the person selected was always of a rank equal or proportioned to that of the party doomed to suffer (
1Kgs 2:29). Gideon intended, then, by the order to Jether, to put an honor on his son, by employing him to slay two enemies of his country; and on the youth declining, he performed the bloody deed himself.
22 the men of Israel said unto Gideon, Rule thou over us . . . Gideon said unto them, the Lord shall rule over you--Their unbounded admiration and gratitude prompted them, in the enthusiasm of the moment, to raise their deliverer to a throne, and to establish a royal dynasty in his house. But Gideon knew too well, and revered too piously the principles of the theocracy, to entertain the proposal for a moment. Personal and family ambition was cheerfully sacrificed to a sense of duty, and every worldly motive was kept in check by a supreme regard to the divine honor. He would willingly act as judge, but the Lord alone was King of Israel.
24 Gideon said unto them, I would desire a request of you--This was the contribution of an earring (singular). As the ancient Arabians (Ishmaelites and Midianites being synonymous terms,
Gen 37:25,
Gen 37:28) were gorgeously adorned with barbaric pearl and gold, an immense amount of such valuable booty had fallen into the hands of the Israelitish soldiers. The contribution was liberally made, and the quantity of gold given to him is estimated at Ł3113 sterling.
26 ornaments--crescent-like plates of gold suspended from the necks, or placed on the breasts of the camels.
collars--rather, "earrings," or drops of gold or pearl.
purple--a royal color. The ancient, as well as modern Arabs, adorned the necks, breasts, and legs, of their riding animals with sumptuous housing.
27 Gideon made an ephod thereof, and put it in his city, . . . Ophrah--That no idolatrous use was in view, nor any divisive course from Shiloh contemplated, is manifest from
Judg 8:33. Gideon proposed, with the gold he received, to make an ephod for his use only as a civil magistrate or ruler, as David did (
1Chr 15:27), and a magnificent pectoral or breastplate also. It would seem, from the history, that he was not blamable in making this ephod, as a civil robe or ornament merely, but that it afterward became an object to which religious ideas were attached; whereby it proved a snare, and consequently an evil, by perversion, to Gideon and his house [TAYLOR, Fragments].
28 MIDIAN SUBDUED. (
Judg 8:28)
Thus was Midian subdued before the children of Israel--This invasion of the Arab hordes into Canaan was as alarming and desolating as the irruption of the Huns into Europe. It was the severest scourge ever inflicted upon Israel; and both it and the deliverance under Gideon lived for centuries in the minds of the people (
Ps 83:11).