1Hỡi Y-sơ-ra-ên, hãy nghe! ngày nay ngươi sẽ đi ngang qua sông Giô-đanh, đặng chiếm lấy các dân tộc lớn và mạnh hơn ngươi, những thành lớn và tường cao đến trời, 2một dân to lớn và tác cao, là con cháu A-na-kim, mà ngươi đã biết, và có nghe mói rằng: "Ai sẽ đương địch nổi trước mặt con cháu A-nác?" 3Vậy, ngày nay phải biết rằng Giê-hô-va Ðức Chúa Trời ngươi đi trước ngươi, như một đám lửa hừng, sẽ tiêu diệt và hạ xuống các dân nầy trước mặt ngươi; ngươi sẽ đuổi ra và diệt chúng nó cách mau, y như Ðức Giê-hô-va đã phán cùng ngươi. 4Khi Giê-hô-va Ðức Chúa Trời ngươi đã đuổi chúng nó khỏi trước mặt ngươi, chớ nói trong lòng rằng: Ấy vì cớ sự công bình tôi mà Ðức Giê-hô-va khiến tôi vào nhận lấy xứ nầy; thật là bởi sự gian ác của các dân tộc đó, nên Ðức Giê-hô-va mới đuổi chúng nó ra khỏi trước mặt ngươi. 5Ngươi vào nhận lấy xứ của các dân tộc ấy, chẳng phải vì cớ sự công bình ngươi, hay là lòng chánh trực của ngươi đâu, nhưng vì cớ sự gian ác của chúng nó, nên Giê-hô-va Ðức Chúa Trời ngươi sẽ đuổi chúng nó ra khỏi trước mặt ngươi, để làm cho ứng nghiệm lời hứa Ngài đã thề cùng các tổ phụ người, là Áp-ra-ham, Y-sác và Gia-cốp. 6Vậy, khá biết rằng chẳng phải vì cớ sự công bình ngươi mà Giê-hô-va Ðức Chúa Trời ngươi cho ngươi nhận lấy xứ tốt tươi nầy đâu; bởi ngươi vẫn là một dân cứng cổ. 7Hãy nhớ lại, chớ quên rằng, trong đồng vắng ngươi đã chọc giận Giê-hô-va Ðức Chúa Trời ngươi. Từ ngày ra khỏi xứ Ê-díp-tô cho đến chốn nầy, ngươi thường phản nghịch cùng Ðức Giê-hô-va. 8Tại Hô-rếp, các ngươi cũng đã chọc giận Ðức Giê-hô-va; nên Ngài nổi thạnh nộ toan diệt các ngươi. 9Khi ta đi lên núi đặng lãnh hai bảng đá, tức là hai bảng về sự giao ước mà Ðức Giê-hô-va đã lập cùng các ngươi, ta ở trên núi bốn mươi ngày và bốn mươi đêm, không ăn bánh, chẳng uống nước; 10và Ðức Giê-hô-va trao cho ta hai bảng đá, bởi ngón tay Ðức Chúa Trời viết ra, có đủ những lời mà Ðức Giê-hô-va từ giữa lửa, tại trên núi, có phán ra cùng các ngươi, trong ngày nhóm hiệp. 11Xảy khi bốn mươi ngày và bốn mươi đêm mãn rồi, Ðức Giê-hô-va ban cho ta hai bảng đá, tức là hai bảng về sự giao ước. 12Ðoạn, Ðức Giê-hô-va phán cùng ta rằng: Hãy đứng dậy, mau mau xuống khỏi đây, vì dân mà ngươi đem ra khỏi xứ Ê-díp-tô đã tự bại hoại, vội bỏ đạo của ta đã truyền cho, mà chế cho mình một tượng đúc. 13Ðức Giê-hô-va lại phán cùng ta rằng: Ta nhìn xem dân nầy, kìa là một dân cứng cổ. 14Hãy để mặc ta diệt chúng nó, và xóa tên chúng nó khỏi dưới trời, rồi ta sẽ làm cho ngươi thành một dân tộc mạnh và lớn hơn dân ấy. 15Vậy, ta bèn xây lại đi xuống núi, cả núi vẫn có lửa cháy: hai tay ta cầm hai bảng đá về sự giao ước. 16Bấy giờ, ta nhìn xem, kìa các ngươi đã phạm tội cùng Giê-hô-va. Ðức Chúa Trời các ngươi, rất vội bỏ đạo Ngài đã truyền cho, mà làm cho mình một con bò con đúc. 17Ta bèn nắm hai bảng đá, liệng ra khỏi tay, đập bể trước mặt các ngươi. 18Ðoạn, vì cớ các ngươi làm dữ, phạm tội trọng trước mắt Ðức Giê-hô-va, chọc cho Ngài giận, nên ta lại sấp mình xuống trước mặt Ðức Giê-hô-va, trong bốn mươi ngày và bốn mươi đêm như lần trước, không ăn bánh và chẳng uống nước. 19Vì ta sợ cơn thạnh nộ và tức giận của Ðức Giê-hô-va đã nổi phừng lên, đặng diệt các ngươi; nhưng Ðức Giê-hô-va còn nhậm lời ta lần nầy nữa. 20Ðức Giê-hô-va cũng nổi nóng phừng cùng A-rôn, đến đỗi muốn giết người; song ta cũng cầu nguyện cho A-rôn trong lúc đó. 21Ðoạn, ta lấy vật tội lỗi của các ngươi, tức là con bò con mà các ngươi đã làm, đem đốt trong lửa, đập bể ra từng miếng, nghiền cho đến đỗi nó tan ra bụi, rồi đổ bụi ấy nơi khe ở trên núi chảy xuống. 22Các ngươi cũng có chọc giận Ðức Giê-hô-va tại Tha-bê-ra, tại Ma-sa, và tại Kíp-rốt-Ha-tha-va. 23Khi Ðức Giê-hô-va sai các ngươi đi từ Ca-đe-Ba-nê-a, có dặn rằng: Hãy đi lên nhận lấy xứ ta ban cho các ngươi, thì các ngươi đã bội nghịch mạng của Giê-hô-va Ðức Chúa Trời các ngươi, không tin Ngài và không nghe theo tiếng Ngài. 24Từ ngày ta biết các ngươi cho đến bây giờ, các ngươi thường phản nghịch cùng Ðức Giê-hô-va. 25Vậy, vì cớ Ðức Giê-hô-va có phán rằng Ngài toan diệt các ngươi, nên ta cứ sấp mình xuống trước mặt Ðức Giê-hô-va trong bốn mươi ngày và bốn mươi đêm, 26cầu khẩn Ngài mà rằng: Chúa Giê-hô-va ôi! xin chớ diệt dân sự của Chúa, là cơ nghiệp của Chúa, mà Chúa đã lấy sự oai nghiêm Ngài chuộc lại, và nhờ tay quyền năng rút ra khỏi xứ Ê-díp-tô. 27Xin hãy nhớ đến những tôi tớ của Chúa là Áp-ra-ham, Y-sác, và Gia-cốp, chớ chấp sự cứng lòng, hung dữ, và tội ác của dân nầy, 28e dân của xứ mà Chúa đã đem chúng tôi ra khỏi đó, nói rằng: Bởi vì Ðức Giê-hô-va không thế đem dân ấy vào xứ Ngài đã hứa, và vì Ngài ghét chúng nó, nên dẫn chúng nó ra khỏi xứ đặng giết đi trong đồng vắng. 29Song chúng vốn là dân sự và cơ nghiệp của Chúa, mà Chúa đã dùng quyền năng lớn và cánh tay giơ thẳng ra, rút ra khỏi xứ Ê-díp-tô.
Matthew Henry - Complete Commentary 1 The call to attention (
Deut 9:1),
Hear, O Israel, intimates that this was a new discourse, delivered at some distance of time after the former, probably the next sabbath day.
I. Moses represents to the people the formidable strength of the enemies which they were now to encounter,
Deut 9:1. The nations they were to dispossess were mightier than themselves, not a rude and undisciplined rout, like the natives of America, that were easily made a prey of. But, should they besiege them, they would find their cities well fortified, according as the art of fortification then was; should they engage them in the field, they would find the people great and tall, of whom common fame had reported that there was no standing before them,
Deut 9:2. This representation is much the same with that which the evil spies had made (
Num 13:28,
Num 13:33), but made with a very different intention: that was designed to drive them from God and to discourage their hope in him; this to drive them to God and to engage their hope in him, since no power less than that which is almighty could secure and prosper them.
II. He assures them of victory, by the presence of God with them, notwithstanding the strength of the enemy,
Deut 9:3. Understand therefore what thou must trust to for success, and which way thou must look; it is the Lord thy God that goes before thee, not only as thy captain, or commander-in-chief, to give direction, but as a consuming fire, to do execution among them. Observe, He shall destroy them, and then thou shalt drive them out. Thou canst not drive them out, unless he destroy them and bring them down. But he will not destroy them and bring them down, unless thou set thyself in good earnest to drive them out. We must do our endeavour in dependence upon God's grace, and we shall have that grace if we do our endeavour.
III. He cautions them not to entertain the least thought of their own righteousness, as if that had procured them this favour at God's hand: Say not.
For my righteousness (either with regard to my good character or in recompence for any good service)
the Lord hath brought me in to possess this land (
Deut 9:4); never think it is for thy righteousness or the uprightness of thy heart, that it is in consideration either of thy good conversation or of they good disposition,
Deut 9:5. And again (
Deut 9:6) it is insisted on, because it is hard to bring people from a conceit of their own merit, and yet very necessary that it be done:
Understand (know it, and believe it, and consider it) that
the Lord thy God giveth thee not this land for thy righteousness. Hadst thou been to come to it upon that condition, thou wouldst have been for ever shut out of it,
for thou art a stiff-necked people. Note, Our gaining possession of the heavenly Canaan, as it must be attributed to God's power and not to our own might, so it must be ascribed to God's grace and not to our own merit: in Christ we have both righteousness and strength; in him therefore we must glory, and not in ourselves, or any sufficiency of our own.
IV. He intimates to them the true reasons why God would take this good land out of the hands of the Canaanites, and settle it upon Israel, and they are borrowed from his own honour, not from Israel's deserts. 1. He will be honoured in the destruction of idolaters; they are justly looked upon as haters of him, and therefore he will visit their iniquity upon them. It is
for the wickedness of these nations that God
drives them out, Deut 9:4, and again,
Deut 9:5. All those whom God rejects are rejected for their own wickedness: but none of those whom he accepts are accepted for their own righteousness. 2. He will be honoured in the performance of his promise to those that are in covenant with him: God swore to the patriarchs, who loved him and left all to follow him, that he would give this land to their seed; and therefore he would
keep that promised mercy for thousands of those that loved him and kept his commandments; he would not suffer his promise to fail. It was for their fathers' sakes that they were beloved,
Roma 11:28. Thus boasting is for ever excluded. See
Ephes 1:9,
Ephes 1:11.
7 That they might have no pretence to think that God brought them to Canaan
for their righteousness, Moses here shows them what a miracle of mercy it was that they had not long ere this been destroyed in the wilderness:
Remember, and forget not, how thou provokedst the Lord thy God (
Deut 9:7); so far from purchasing his favour, thou hast many a time laid thyself open to his displeasure. Their fathers' provocations are here charged upon them; for, if God had dealt with their fathers according to their deserts, this generation would never have been, much less would they have entered Canaan. We are apt to forget our provocations, especially when the smart of the rod is over, and have need to be often put in mind of them, that we may never entertain any conceit of our own righteousness. Paul argues from the guilt which all mankind is under to prove that we cannot be
justified before God by our own works,
Roma 3:19,
Roma 3:20. If our works condemn us, they will not justify us. Observe, 1. They had been a provoking people ever since they came out of Egypt,
Deut 9:7.
Forty years long, from first to last, were God and Moses grieved with them. It is a very sad character Moses now at parting leaves of them:
You have been rebellious since the day I knew you, Deut 9:24. No sooner were they formed into a people than there was a faction formed among them, which upon all occasions made head against God and his government. Though the Mosaic history records little more than the occurrences of the first and last year of the forty, yet it seems by this general account that the rest of the years were not much better, but one continued provocation. 2. Even in Horeb they made a calf and worshipped it,
Deut 9:8, etc. That was a sin so heinous, and by several aggravations made so exceedingly sinful, that they deserved upon all occasions to be upbraided with it. It was done in the very place where the law was given by which they were expressly forbidden to worship God by images, and while the mountain was yet burning before their eyes, and Moses had gone up to fetch them the law in writing. They
turned aside quickly, Deut 9:16. 3. God was very angry with them for their sin. Let them not think that God overlooked what they did amiss, and gave them Canaan for what was good among them. No, God had determined to destroy them (
Deut 9:8), could easily have done it, and would have been no loser by it; he even desired Moses to let him alone that he might do it,
Deut 9:13,
Deut 9:14. By this it appeared how heinous their sin was, for God is never angry with any above what there is cause for, as men often are. Moses himself, though a friend and favourite, trembled at the revelation of God's wrath from heaven against their ungodliness and unrighteousness (
Deut 9:19):
I was afraid of the anger of the Lord, afraid perhaps not for them only, but for himself,
Pss 119:120. 4. They had by their sin broken covenant with God, and forfeited all the privileges of the covenant, which Moses signified to them by
breaking the tables, Deut 9:17. A bill of divorce was given them, and thenceforward they might justly have been abandoned for ever, so that their mouth was certainly stopped from pleading any righteousness of their own. God had, in effect, disowned them, when he said to Moses (
Deut 9:12), They are thy people, they are none of mine, nor shall they be dealt with as mine. 5. Aaron himself fell under God's displeasure for it, though he was the saint of the Lord, and was only brought by surprise or terror to be confederate with them in the sin:
The Lord was very angry with Aaron, Deut 9:20. No man's place or character can shelter him from the wrath of God if he have
fellowship with the unfruitful works of darkness. Aaron, that should have made atonement for them if the iniquity could have been purged away by sacrifice and offering, did himself fall under the wrath of God: so little did they consider what they did when they drew him in. 6. It was with great difficulty and very long attendance that Moses himself prevailed to turn away the wrath of God, and prevent their utter ruin. He fasted and prayed full forty days and forty nights before he could obtain their pardon,
Deut 9:18. And some think twice forty days (
Deut 9:25), because it is said,
as I fell down before, whereas his errand in the first forty was not of that nature. Others think it was but one forty, though twice mentioned (as also in
Deut 10:10); but this was enough to make them sensible how great God's displeasure was against them, and what a narrow escape they had for their lives. And in this appears the greatness of God's anger against all mankind that no less a person than his Son, and no less a price than his own blood, would serve to turn it away. Moses here tells them the substance of his intercession for them. He was obliged to own their stubbornness, and their wickedness, and their sin,
Deut 9:27. Their character was bad indeed when he that appeared an advocate for them could not give them a good word, and had nothing else to say in their behalf but that God had done great things for them, which really did but aggravate their crime (
Deut 9:26), - that they were the posterity of good ancestors (
Deut 9:27), which might also have been turned upon him, as making the matter worse and not better, - and that the Egyptians would reproach God, if he should destroy them, as unable to perfect what he had wrought for them (
Deut 9:28), a plea which might easily enough have been answered: no matter what the Egyptians say, while the heavens declare God's righteousness; so that the saving of them from ruin at that time was owing purely to the mercy of God, and the importunity of Moses, and not to any merit of theirs, that could be offered so much as in mitigation of their offence. 7. To affect them the more with the destruction they were then at the brink of, he describes very particularly the destruction of the calf they had made,
Deut 9:21. He calls it their
sin: perhaps not only because it had been the matter of their sin, but because the destroying of it was intended for a testimony against their sin, and an indication to them what the sinners themselves did deserve. Those that made it were like unto it, and would have had no wrong done them if they had been thus stamped to dust, and consumed, and scattered, and no remains of them left. It was infinite mercy that accepted the destruction of the idol instead of the destruction of the idolaters. 8. Even after this fair escape that they had, in many other instances they provoked the Lord again and again. He needed only to name the places, for they carried the memorials either of the sin or of the punishment in their names (
Deut 9:22): at
Taberah, burning, where God set fire to them for their murmuring, - at
Massah, the temptation, where they challenged almighty power to help them, - and at
Kibroth-hattaavah, the graves of lusters, where the dainties they coveted were their poison; and, after these, their unbelief and distrust at Kadesh-barnea, of which he had already told them (ch. 1), and which he here mentions again (
Deut 9:23), would certainly have completed their ruin if they had been dealt with according to their own merits.
Now let them lay all this together, and it will appear that whatever favour God should hereafter show them, in subduing their enemies and putting them in possession of the land of Canaan, it was not for their righteousness. It is good for us often to remember against ourselves, with sorrow and shame, our former sins, and to review the records conscience keeps of them, that we may see how much we are indebted to free grace, and may humbly own that we never merited at God's hand any thing but wrath and the curse.