1And Jehovah spoke to Moses and to Aaron, saying to them, 2Speak to the sons of Israel, saying, These are the living things which you shall eat out of all the animals which are on the earth. 3Any that divides the hoof and is wholly clovenfooted, bringing up the cud, among the living things, you may eat it. 4Only, you may not eat these, of those bringing up the cud, and of those dividing the hoof: the camel, though it brings up the cud, yet it does not divide the hoof; it is unclean to you; 5and the rock badger, though it brings up the cud, yet it does not divide the hoof; it is unclean to you; 6and the hare, though it brings up the cud, yet it does not divide the hoof; it is unclean to you; 7and the swine, though it divides the hoof and is clovenfooted, yet it does not bring up the cud; it is unclean to you. 8You shall not eat of their flesh, and you shall not touch their dead body; they are unclean to you. 9 Of all that are in the waters, you shall eat these; any one that has fins and scales in the waters, in the seas, and in the torrents, you may eat them. 10But any one that does not have fins and scales in the seas, and in the torrents, of any swarming creature of the waters, and of any creature which lives in the waters; they are to be detested by you. 11Yes, they shall be detested by you; you shall not eat of their flesh and you shall shun their dead bodies. 12Any one that does not have fins and scales in the waters, it shall be an unclean thing to you. 13And these you shall count unclean among the fowls; they shall not be eaten; they are unclean: the eagle, and the black vulture and the bearded vulture, 14and the kite, and the falcon, according to its kind; 15every raven according to its kind; 16and the ostrich, and the great owl, and the gull, and small hawks, according to its kind; 17and the little owl, and the cormorant, and the eared owl; 18and the barn owl, and the pelican and the owl-vulture; 19and the stork, the heron according to its kind, and the hoopoe, and the bat. 20Every flying swarming creature going on all four, it is an abomination to you. 21Only, this you may eat of any swarming thing which flies, which goes on all four, which has legs above its feet, to leap with them on the earth; 22these are those you may eat: the locusts according to its kind, and the bald locust according to its kind, and the long horned locust according to its kind, and the short horned grasshopper according to its kind. 23But every swarming thing which flies, which has four feet, it is unclean to you. 24And by these you shall be made unclean; any who touches their dead body is unclean until the evening. 25And anyone who lifts up their dead body shall wash his garments and shall be unclean until the evening; 26even every living thing which divides the hoof, and is not clovenfooted, and does not bring up the cud, they are unclean to you; anyone who touches them shall be unclean. 27And any going on its paws among all the living things which go on all four, they are unclean to you; anyone who touches their dead body is unclean until the evening; 28and he who lifts up their dead body shall wash his garments and shall be unclean until the evening; they are unclean to you. 29And these shall be unclean to you among the swarming things which swarm on the earth: the weasel, and the mouse, and the great lizard according to its kind, 30and the gecko, and the monitor, and the lizard, and the sand lizard, and the barn owl. 31These are unclean to you among all which swarm; anyone who touches them in their death is unclean until the evening. 32And anything on which any one of them falls in their death is unclean, whether of any vessel of wood, or garment, or skin, or sack; any vessel in which work is done shall be caused to go into water, and shall be unclean until the evening; then it shall be cleaned. 33And any earthen vessel into the midst of which any one of them falls, whatever is in it shall be unclean, and you shall break it. 34And of all the food which may be eaten, that on which such water falls shall be unclean, and all drink that may be drunk in any such vessel shall be unclean. 35And anything on which any part of their dead body falls shall be unclean; an oven or hearth shall be broken down; they are unclean; yes, they are unclean to you. 36But a fountain or a well, a collection of water, shall be clean; only that touching the dead body is unclean. 37And when any part of their dead body falls on any sowing seed which is sown, it shall be clean; 38but when water is put on the seed, and any of its dead body has fallen on it, it shall be unclean to you. 39And when any of the animals which are food for you dies, he who touches its dead body is unclean until the evening; 40and he who eats of its dead body shall wash his garments and shall be unclean until the evening; and he who lifts up its dead body shall wash his garments and shall be unclean until the evening. 41And every swarming thing which swarms on the earth is unclean; it shall not be eaten. 42Anything going on its belly, and any going on all four, and all having many feet, even every swarming thing that swarms on the earth, you shall not eat them, for they are unclean. 43You shall not pollute yourselves with any swarming thing which swarms, nor shall you make yourselves unclean with them, so that you should be defiled by them. 44For I am Jehovah your God, and you have sanctified yourselves, and you have become holy, for I am holy. And you shall not defile your persons with any swarming thing which creeps on the earth; 45for I am Jehovah who brought you up out of the land of Egypt to become your God; and you shall be holy, for I am holy. 46This is the law of the animals, and of the fowl, and of every living creature which moves in the waters, and every creature which swarms on the earth, 47to make a distinction between the unclean and the clean, and between the living thing that may be eaten and the living thing that may not be eaten.
Treasury of Scripture Knowledge 1 Lev 11:1 What beasts may;
Lev 11:4 and what may not be eaten.
Lev 11:9 What fishes.
Lev 11:13 What fowls.
Lev 11:29 The creeping things which are unclean.
Lev 11:1 2 Deut 14:3 -
Deut 14:8 Ezek 4:14 Dan 1:8 Matt 15:11 Mark 7:15 -
Mark 7:19 Acts 10:12 Acts 10:14 Rom 14:2 Rom 14:3 Rom 14:14 Rom 14:15 1Tim 4:4 -
1Tim 4:6 Heb 9:10 Heb 13:9Of the laws relative to clean and unclean beasts, which are recorded in this chapter and Deut. ch. 14
Deut 14:1 the following may be found a useful abstract.
1. In regard to quadrupeds, all beasts that have their feet completely cloven, above as well as below, and at the same time chew the cud, are clean. Those which have neither, or indeed want one of these distinguishing marks, are unclean. This is a systematic division of quadrupeds so excellent, as never yet, after all the improvements in natural history, to have become obsolete, but, on the contrary, to be still considered as useful by the greatest masters of the science.
2. With regard to fishes, Moses has in like manner, made a very simple systematic distinction. All that have scales and fins are clean; all others unclean.
3. Of birds, he merely specifies certain sorts as forbidden, thereby permitting all others to be eaten.
4. Insects, serpents, worms, etc., are prohibited; but with regard, however to those winged insects, which besides four walking legs, also have two longer springing legs, (Pedes saltatorii,) Moses makes an exception, and under the denomination of locusts, declares them clean in all four stages of their existence.
In Palestine, Arabia, and the adjoining countries, locusts are one of the most common articles of food, and people would be very ill of if they durst not eat them: For, when a swarm of them desolates the fields, they prove in some measure themselves an antidote to the famine which they occasion. They are not only eaten fresh, immediately on their appearance, but the people collect them, and know a method of preserving them for a long time for food, after they have dried them in an oven. --Niebuhr's Description of Arabia, pp. 170-175.
3 parteth.
Ps 1:1 Pro 9:6 2Cor 6:17cheweth.
Deut 6:6 Deut 6:7 Deut 16:3 -
Deut 16:8 Ps 1:2 Pro 2:1 Pro 2:2 Pro 2:10 Acts 17:11 1Tim 4:15 4 unclean unto you:
Gen 7:1,
Gen 7:2; Deut. 14:1-29;
Isa 52:11;
1Cor 8:13;
1Thess 5:22;
1John 3:4 5 the coney.
Shaphan, most probably an animal resembling the rabbit, called by Dr. Shaw,
daman (probably for
ganam) Israel, "Israel's lamb," and by Bruce,
ashkoko, which name he imagines is "derived from the singularity of these long herenacious hairs, which, like small thorns, grow about his back, and which an Amhara are called
ashok. " This curious animal abounds in Judea, Palestine, Arabia, and Ethiopia; and is described as being about seventeen inches when sitting. It has no tail; and at first sight gives the idea of a rat. Its colour is grey, mixed with reddish brown; the belly white, the body covered with strong polished hairs, for the most part about two inches in length; the ears round, and not pointed; the feet round, of a soft, pulpy, tender substance; the toes projecting beyond the nails, which are rather broad than sharp; the upper jaw is longer than the other; it lives upon grain, fruit, and roots, and certainly chews the cud; and it does not burrow like the hare and rabbit, but lives in clefts of the rocks.
Ps 104:18 Pro 30:26but divideth.
Job 36:14 Matt 7:26 Rom 2:18 -
Rom 2:24 Phil 3:18 Phil 3:19 2Tim 3:5 Titus 1:16 6 the hare.
Deut 14:7 7 swine.
Deut 14:8 Isa 65:4 Isa 66:3 Isa 66:17 Matt 7:6 Luke 8:33 Luke 15:15 2Pet 2:18 -
2Pet 2:22 8 they are unclean.
Lev 5:2 Isa 52:11 Hos 9:3 Matt 15:11 Matt 15:20 Mark 7:2 Mark 7:15 Mark 7:18 Acts 10:10 -
Acts 10:15 Acts 10:28 Acts 15:29 Rom 14:14 -
Rom 14:17 Rom 14:21 1Cor 8:8 2Cor 6:17 Eph 5:7 Eph 5:11 Col 2:16 Col 2:21 -
Col 2:23 Heb 9:10 9 Deut 14:9 Deut 14:10 Acts 20:21 Gal 5:6 Jas 2:18 1John 5:2 -
1John 5:5 10 they shall be.
Lev 7:18 Deut 14:3 Ps 139:21 Ps 139:22 Pro 13:20 Pro 29:27 Rev 21:8 11 Lev 11:11 12 Lev 11:12 13 the eagle. In Hebrew,
nesher, Chaldee,
neshar, Syriac,
neshro, and Arabic,
nishr, the eagle, one of the largest, strongest, swiftest, fiercest, and most rapacious of the feathered race. His eye is large, dark, and piercing; his beak powerful and hooked; his legs strong and feathered; his feet yellow and armed with four very long and terrific claws; his wings very large and powerful; his body compact and robust; his bones hard; his flesh firm; his feathers coarse; his attitude fierce and erect; his motions lively; his flight extremely rapid and towering; and his cry the terror of every wing.
Deut 14:12 -
Deut 14:20 Job 28:7 Job 38:41 Job 39:27 -
Job 39:30 Jer 4:13 Jer 4:22 Jer 48:40 Lam 4:19 Hos 8:1 Hab 1:8 Matt 24:28 Rom 1:28 -
Rom 1:32 Rom 3:13 -
Rom 3:17 Titus 3:3the ossifrage.
Peres, from
paras to break, probably the species of eagle anciently called
ossifraga or bone-breaker, (from
os, a bone, and
frango, to break,) because it not only strips off the flesh, but breaks the bone, in order to extract the marrow.
the ospray. Hebrew
ozniyah, Arabic
azan, and Chaldee
azyah, (from
azaz, to be strong,) a species of eagle, probably the black eagle, so remarkable for its strength.
14 Lev 11:14 15 Gen 8:7 1Kgs 17:4 1Kgs 17:6 Pro 30:17 Luke 12:24 16 Deut 14:15 -
Deut 14:18 Ps 102:6 Isa 13:21 Isa 13:22 Isa 34:11 -
Isa 34:15 John 3:19 -
John 3:21 Eph 2:2 Eph 2:3 Eph 4:18 Eph 4:19 Eph 5:7 -
Eph 5:11 Phil 3:18 Phil 3:19 1Thess 5:5 -
1Thess 5:7 Rev 18:2 17 Lev 11:17 18 Lev 11:18 19 bat:
Isa 2:20,
Isa 66:17 20 Lev 11:23 Lev 11:27 Deut 14:19 2Kgs 17:28 -
2Kgs 17:41 Ps 17:14 Matt 6:24 Phil 3:18 Phil 3:19 2Tim 4:10 1John 2:15 -
1John 2:17 Jude 1:10 Jude 1:19 21 Lev 11:21 22 Exod 10:4 Exod 10:5 Isa 35:3 Matt 3:4 Mark 1:6 Rom 14:1 Rom 15:1 Heb 5:11 Heb 12:12 Heb 12:13 23 Lev 11:23 24 Lev 11:8 Lev 11:27 Lev 11:28 Lev 11:31 Lev 11:38 -
Lev 11:40 Lev 17:15 Lev 17:16 Isa 22:14 1Cor 15:33 2Cor 6:17 Eph 2:1 -
Eph 2:3 Eph 5:11 Col 2:16 Col 2:17 Col 2:20 Heb 9:26 1John 1:7 25 wash his clothes, and be unclean.
Lev 11:28 Lev 11:40 Lev 14:8 Lev 15:5 Lev 15:7 -
Lev 15:11 Lev 15:13 Lev 16:28 Exod 19:10 Exod 19:14 Num 19:8 Num 19:10 Num 19:19 Num 19:21 Num 19:22 Num 31:24 Ps 51:2 Ps 51:7 Zech 13:1 John 13:8 Acts 22:16 Heb 9:10 Heb 10:22 1Pet 3:21 1John 1:7 Rev 7:14 26 Lev 11:26 27 Lev 11:20 Lev 11:23 28 beareth.
Lev 11:24 Lev 11:25shall wash.
Lev 11:14 29 creeping things that creep.
Lev 11:20 Lev 11:21 Lev 11:41 Lev 11:42 Ps 10:3 Ps 17:13 Ps 17:14 Hag 2:6 Luke 12:15 Luke 16:14 John 6:26 John 6:66 Eph 4:14 Phil 3:19 Col 3:5 2Tim 3:2 -
2Tim 3:5 Heb 13:5 30 Lev 11:30 31 Lev 11:8 Lev 11:24 Lev 11:25 32 it must be put into water.
Lev 6:28 Lev 15:12 Titus 2:14 Titus 3:5 33 ye shall break it.
Lev 11:35 Lev 14:45 Jer 48:38 2Cor 5:1 -
2Cor 5:8 Phil 3:21 34 Pro 15:8 Pro 21:4 Pro 21:27 Pro 28:8 Titus 1:15 35 they shall be.
Lev 11:33 Lev 6:28 Lev 15:12 2Cor 5:1 -
2Cor 5:7 36 a fountain.
Zech 13:1 John 4:14wherein there is plenty of water. Heb. a gathering together of waters.
37 sowing seed.
1Cor 15:37 1Pet 1:23 1John 3:9 1John 5:18 38 Lev 11:38 39 Lev 11:24 Lev 11:28 Lev 11:31 Lev 11:40 Lev 15:5 Lev 15:7 Num 19:11 Num 19:16 40 eateth.
Lev 11:25 Lev 17:15 Lev 17:16 Lev 22:8 Exod 22:31 Deut 14:21 Isa 1:16 Ezek 4:14 Ezek 36:25 Ezek 44:31 Zech 13:1 1Cor 6:11 1Cor 10:21 1John 1:7shall wash.
Lev 11:28 Lev 14:8 Lev 14:9 Lev 15:5 -
Lev 15:10 Lev 15:27 Lev 16:26 Lev 16:28 Num 19:7 Num 19:8 Num 19:19 41 Lev 11:20 Lev 11:23 Lev 11:29 42 goeth upon the belly.
Gen 3:14 Gen 3:15 Isa 65:25 Mic 7:17 Matt 3:7 Matt 23:23 John 8:44 2Cor 11:3 2Cor 11:13 Titus 1:12hath more feet. Heb. doth multiply feet.
43 Ye shall.
Lev 11:41 Lev 11:42 Lev 20:25yourselves. Heb. your souls.
44 I am the.
Exod 20:2ye shall.
Lev 10:3 Lev 19:2 Lev 20:7 Lev 20:26 Exod 19:6 Deut 14:2 1Sam 6:20 Ps 99:5 Ps 99:9 Isa 6:3 -
Isa 6:5 Amos 3:3 Matt 5:48 1Thess 4:7 1Pet 1:15 1Pet 1:16 1Pet 2:9 Rev 22:11 45 that bringeth.
Exod 6:7 Ps 105:43 -
Ps 105:45be holy.
Lev 11:44 Exod 6:7 Exod 20:2 Ps 105:43 -
Ps 105:45 Hos 11:1 1Thess 4:7 46 This. The distinction of clean and unclean animals, (see note on
Lev 11:2) existed even before the flood, though it probably then only related to sacrifices; but at this time we find there were very particular laws enacted respecting the diet of the people, and the ceremonial uncleanness contracted by touching the carcases of unclean animals. The reasons for the enactment of these laws seem to be--
1. As a test of obedience, and to teach the Israelites habits of self-denial, and the government of their appetites.
2. To keep them distinct from other nations, and consequently from their idolatrous usages, by throwing hindrances in the way of their social intercourse; for these distinctions were applicable both to persons and things. The Canaanites not only ate the animals prohibited by Moses, which we usually eat, but others also, among which dogs were one. Besides, many of those declared unclean were sacred among the heathen, and sacrificed to their gods.
3. Because those prohibited were innutritive and unwholesome; as the swine, the flesh of which being strong and difficult to digest, affords a very gross aliment, and produces, especially in hot climates, cutaneous, scrophulous, and scorbutic disorders, as the itch, leprosy, etc.
Lev 7:37 Lev 14:54 Lev 15:32 Ezek 43:12 47 Lev 10:10 Ezek 44:23 Mal 3:18 Rom 14:2 Rom 14:3 Rom 14:13 -
Rom 14:23
