1ΟὐαὶG3759{INJ} πόλιςG4172{N-NSF} Αριηλ{N-PRI}, ἣνG3739{R-ASF} ΔαυιδG1138{N-PRI} ἐπολέμησενG4170{V-AAI-3S}· συναγάγετεG4863{V-AAD-2P} γενήματαG1081{N-APN} ἐνιαυτὸνG1763{N-ASM} ἐπ᾽G1909{PREP} ἐνιαυτόνG1763{N-ASM}, φάγεσθεG2068{V-FMI-2P} γὰρG1063{PRT} σὺνG4862{PREP} ΜωαβG1096{N-PRI}. 2ἐκθλίψω{V-FAI-1S} γὰρG1063{PRT} Αριηλ{N-PRI}, καὶG2532{CONJ} ἔσταιG1510{V-FMI-3S} αὐτῆςG846{D-GSF} ἡG3588{T-NSF} ἰσχὺςG2479{N-NSF} καὶG2532{CONJ} τὸG3588{T-NSN} πλοῦτοςG4149{N-NSN} ἐμοίG1473{P-DS}. 3καὶG2532{CONJ} κυκλώσωG2944{V-FAI-1S} ὡςG3739{ADV} ΔαυιδG1138{N-PRI} ἐπὶG1909{PREP} σὲG4771{P-AS} καὶG2532{CONJ} βαλῶG906{V-FAI-1S} περὶG4012{PREP} σὲG4771{P-AS} χάρακαG5482{N-ASN} καὶG2532{CONJ} θήσωG5087{V-FAI-1S} περὶG4012{PREP} σὲG4771{P-AS} πύργουςG4444{N-APM}, 4καὶG2532{CONJ} ταπεινωθήσονταιG5013{V-FPI-3P} οἱG3588{T-NPM} λόγοιG3056{N-NPM} σουG4771{P-GS} εἰςG1519{PREP} τὴνG3588{T-ASF} γῆνG1065{N-ASF}, καὶG2532{CONJ} εἰςG1519{PREP} τὴνG3588{T-ASF} γῆνG1065{N-ASF} οἱG3588{T-NPM} λόγοιG3056{N-NPM} σουG4771{P-GS} δύσονταιG1417{V-FMI-3P}· καὶG2532{CONJ} ἔσταιG1510{V-FMI-3S} ὡςG3739{ADV} οἱG3588{T-NPM} φωνοῦντεςG5455{V-PAPNP} ἐκG1537{PREP} τῆςG3588{T-GSF} γῆςG1065{N-GSF} ἡG3588{T-NSF} φωνήG5456{N-NSF} σουG4771{P-GS}, καὶG2532{CONJ} πρὸςG4314{PREP} τὸG3588{T-ASN} ἔδαφοςG1475{N-ASN} ἡG3588{T-NSF} φωνήG5456{N-NSF} σουG4771{P-GS} ἀσθενήσειG770{V-FAI-3S}. 5καὶG2532{CONJ} ἔσταιG1510{V-FMI-3S} ὡςG3739{ADV} κονιορτὸςG2868{N-NSM} ἀπὸG575{PREP} τροχοῦG5164{N-GSM} ὁG3588{T-NSM} πλοῦτοςG4149{N-NSM} τῶνG3588{T-GPM} ἀσεβῶνG765{A-GPM} καὶG2532{CONJ} ὡςG3739{ADV} χνοῦςG5522{N-NSM} φερόμενοςG5342{V-PMPNS}, καὶG2532{CONJ} ἔσταιG1510{V-FMI-3S} ὡςG3739{ADV} στιγμὴG4743{N-NSF} παραχρῆμαG3916{ADV} 6παρὰG3844{PREP} יהוהH3068{N-GSM} σαβαωθG4519{N-PRI}· ἐπισκοπὴG1984{N-NSF} γὰρG1063{PRT} ἔσταιG1510{V-FMI-3S} μετὰG3326{PREP} βροντῆςG1027{N-GSF} καὶG2532{CONJ} σεισμοῦG4578{N-GSM} καὶG2532{CONJ} φωνῆςG5456{N-GSF} μεγάληςG3173{A-GSF}, καταιγὶς{N-NSF} φερομένηG5342{V-PMPNS} καὶG2532{CONJ} φλὸξG5395{N-NSF} πυρὸςG4442{N-GSN} κατεσθίουσαG2719{V-PAPNS}. 7καὶG2532{CONJ} ἔσταιG1510{V-FMI-3S} ὡςG3739{ADV} ὁG3588{T-NSM} ἐνυπνιαζόμενοςG1797{V-PMPNS} ἐνG1722{PREP} ὕπνῳG5258{N-DSM} ὁG3588{T-NSM} πλοῦτοςG4149{N-NSM} τῶνG3588{T-GPN} ἐθνῶνG1484{N-GPN} πάντωνG3956{A-GPN}, ὅσοιG3745{A-NPM} ἐπεστράτευσαν{V-AAI-3P} ἐπὶG1909{PREP} Αριηλ{N-PRI}, καὶG2532{CONJ} πάντεςG3956{A-NPM} οἱG3588{T-NPM} στρατευσάμενοι{V-AMPNP} ἐπὶG1909{PREP} ΙερουσαλημG2419{N-PRI} καὶG2532{CONJ} πάντεςG3956{A-NPM} οἱG3588{T-NPM} συνηγμένοιG4863{V-RMPNP} ἐπ᾽G1909{PREP} αὐτὴνG846{D-ASF} καὶG2532{CONJ} θλίβοντεςG2346{V-PAPNP} αὐτήνG846{D-ASF}. 8καὶG2532{CONJ} ἔσονταιG1510{V-FMI-3P} ὡςG3739{ADV} οἱG3588{T-NPM} ἐνG1722{PREP} ὕπνῳG5258{N-DSM} πίνοντεςG4095{V-PAPNP} καὶG2532{CONJ} ἔσθοντεςG2068{V-PAPNP}, καὶG2532{CONJ} ἐξαναστάντωνG1817{V-AAPNP} μάταιονG3152{A-NSN} αὐτῶνG846{D-GPM} τὸG3588{T-NSN} ἐνύπνιονG1798{N-NSN}, καὶG2532{CONJ} ὃνG3739{R-ASM} τρόπονG5158{N-ASM} ἐνυπνιάζεταιG1797{V-PMI-3S} ὁG3588{T-NSM} διψῶνG1372{V-PAPNS} ὡςG3739{ADV} πίνωνG4095{V-PAPNS} καὶG2532{CONJ} ἐξαναστὰςG1817{V-AAPNS} ἔτιG2089{ADV} διψᾷG1372{V-PAI-3S}, ἡG3588{T-NSF} δὲG1161{PRT} ψυχὴG5590{N-NSF} αὐτοῦG846{D-GSM} εἰςG1519{PREP} κενὸνG2756{A-ASM} ἤλπισενG1679{V-AAI-3S}, οὕτωςG3778{ADV} ἔσταιG1510{V-FMI-3S} ὁG3588{T-NSM} πλοῦτοςG4149{N-NSM} πάντωνG3956{A-GPN} τῶνG3588{T-GPN} ἐθνῶνG1484{N-GPN}, ὅσοιG3745{A-NPM} ἐπεστράτευσαν{V-AAI-3P} ἐπὶG1909{PREP} τὸG3588{T-ASN} ὄροςG3735{N-ASN} ΣιωνG4622{N-PRI}. 9ἐκλύθητεG1590{V-APS-2P} καὶG2532{CONJ} ἔκστητεG1839{V-AAS-2P} καὶG2532{CONJ} κραιπαλήσατε{V-AAI-2P} οὐκG3364{ADV} ἀπὸG575{PREP} σικεραG4608{N-ASN} οὐδὲG3761{CONJ} ἀπὸG575{PREP} οἴνουG3631{N-GSM}· 10ὅτιG3754{CONJ} πεπότικενG4222{V-RAI-3S} ὑμᾶςG4771{P-AP} יהוהH3068{N-NSM} πνεύματιG4151{N-DSN} κατανύξεωςG2659{N-GSF} καὶG2532{CONJ} καμμύσειG2576{V-FAI-3S} τοὺςG3588{T-APM} ὀφθαλμοὺςG3788{N-APM} αὐτῶνG846{D-GPM} καὶG2532{CONJ} τῶνG3588{T-GPM} προφητῶνG4396{N-GPM} αὐτῶνG846{D-GPM} καὶG2532{CONJ} τῶνG3588{T-GPM} ἀρχόντωνG758{N-GPM} αὐτῶνG846{D-GPM}, οἱG3588{T-NPM} ὁρῶντεςG3708{V-PAPNP} τὰG3588{T-APN} κρυπτάG2927{A-APN}. 11καὶG2532{CONJ} ἔσονταιG1510{V-FMI-3P} ὑμῖνG4771{P-DP} πάνταG3956{A-NPN} τὰG3588{T-NPN} ῥήματαG4487{N-NPN} ταῦταG3778{D-NPN} ὡςG3739{ADV} οἱG3588{T-NPM} λόγοιG3056{N-NPM} τοῦG3588{T-GSN} βιβλίουG975{N-GSN} τοῦG3588{T-GSN} ἐσφραγισμένουG4972{V-RMPGS} τούτουG3778{D-GSM}, ὃG3739{R-NSN} ἐὰνG1437{CONJ} δῶσινG1325{V-AAS-3P} αὐτὸG846{D-ASN} ἀνθρώπῳG444{N-DSM} ἐπισταμένῳG1987{V-PMPDS} γράμματαG1121{N-APN} λέγοντεςG3004{V-PAPNP} ἈνάγνωθιG314{V-AAD-2S} ταῦταG3778{D-APN}· καὶG2532{CONJ} ἐρεῖG2046{V-FAI-3S} ΟὐG3364{ADV} δύναμαιG1410{V-PMI-1S} ἀναγνῶναιG314{V-AAN}, ἐσφράγισταιG4972{V-RMI-3S} γάρG1063{PRT}. 12καὶG2532{CONJ} δοθήσεταιG1325{V-FPI-3S} τὸG3588{T-NSN} βιβλίονG975{N-NSN} τοῦτοG3778{D-NSN} εἰςG1519{PREP} χεῖραςG5495{N-APF} ἀνθρώπουG444{N-GSM} μὴG3165{ADV} ἐπισταμένουG1987{V-PMPGS} γράμματαG1121{N-APN}, καὶG2532{CONJ} ἐρεῖG2046{V-FAI-3S} αὐτῷG846{D-DSM} ἈνάγνωθιG314{V-AAD-2S} τοῦτοG3778{D-ASN}· καὶG2532{CONJ} ἐρεῖG2046{V-FAI-3S} ΟὐκG3364{ADV} ἐπίσταμαιG1987{V-PMI-1S} γράμματαG1121{N-APN}. 13ΚαὶG2532{CONJ} εἶπενG3004{V-AAI-3S} κύριοςG2962{N-NSM} ἘγγίζειG1448{V-PAI-3S} μοιG1473{P-DS} ὁG3588{T-NSM} λαὸςG2992{N-NSM} οὗτοςG3778{D-NSM} τοῖςG3588{T-DPN} χείλεσινG5491{N-DPN} αὐτῶνG846{D-GPM} τιμῶσίνG5091{V-PAI-3P} μεG1473{P-AS}, ἡG3588{T-NSF} δὲG1161{PRT} καρδίαG2588{N-NSF} αὐτῶνG846{D-GPM} πόρρωG4206{ADV} ἀπέχειG568{V-PAI-3S} ἀπ᾽G575{PREP} ἐμοῦG1473{P-GS}, μάτηνG3155{ADV} δὲG1161{PRT} σέβονταίG4576{V-PMI-3P} μεG1473{P-AS} διδάσκοντεςG1321{V-PAPNP} ἐντάλματαG1778{N-APN} ἀνθρώπωνG444{N-GPM} καὶG2532{CONJ} διδασκαλίαςG1319{N-APF}. 14διὰG1223{PREP} τοῦτοG3778{D-ASN} ἰδοὺG2400{INJ} ἐγὼG1473{P-NS} προσθήσωG4369{V-FAI-1S} τοῦG3588{T-GSN} μεταθεῖναιG3346{V-AAN} τὸνG3588{T-ASM} λαὸνG2992{N-ASM} τοῦτονG3778{D-ASM} καὶG2532{CONJ} μεταθήσωG3346{V-FAI-1S} αὐτοὺςG846{D-APM} καὶG2532{CONJ} ἀπολῶG622{V-FAI-1S} τὴνG3588{T-ASF} σοφίανG4678{N-ASF} τῶνG3588{T-GPM} σοφῶνG4680{A-GPM} καὶG2532{CONJ} τὴνG3588{T-ASF} σύνεσινG4907{N-ASF} τῶνG3588{T-GPM} συνετῶνG4908{A-GPM} κρύψωG2928{V-FAI-1S}. 15οὐαὶG3759{INJ} οἱG3588{T-NPM} βαθέωςG901{ADV} βουλὴνG1012{N-ASF} ποιοῦντεςG4160{V-PAPNP} καὶG2532{CONJ} οὐG3364{ADV} διὰG1223{PREP} יהוהH3068{N-GSM}· οὐαὶG3759{INJ} οἱG3588{T-NPM} ἐνG1722{PREP} κρυφῇG2931{ADV} βουλὴνG1012{N-ASF} ποιοῦντεςG4160{V-PAPNP} καὶG2532{CONJ} ἔσταιG1510{V-FMI-3S} ἐνG1722{PREP} σκότειG4655{N-DSM} τὰG3588{T-NPN} ἔργαG2041{N-NPN} αὐτῶνG846{D-GPM} καὶG2532{CONJ} ἐροῦσινG2046{V-FAI-3P} ΤίςG5100{I-NSM} ἡμᾶςG1473{P-AP} ἑώρακενG3708{V-RAI-3S} καὶG2532{CONJ} τίςG5100{I-NSM} ἡμᾶςG1473{P-AP} γνώσεταιG1097{V-FMI-3S} ἢG2228{CONJ} ἃG3739{R-APN} ἡμεῖςG1473{P-NP} ποιοῦμενG4160{V-PAI-1P}; 16οὐχG3364{ADV} ὡςG3739{ADV} ὁG3588{T-NSM} πηλὸςG4081{N-NSM} τοῦG3588{T-GSM} κεραμέωςG2763{N-GSM} λογισθήσεσθεG3049{V-FPI-2P}; μὴG3165{ADV} ἐρεῖG2046{V-FAI-3S} τὸG3588{T-NSN} πλάσμαG4110{N-NSN} τῷG3588{T-DSM} πλάσαντιG4111{V-AAPDS} ΟὐG3364{ADV} σύG4771{P-NS} μεG1473{P-AS} ἔπλασαςG4111{V-AAI-2S}; ἢG2228{CONJ} τὸG3588{T-NSN} ποίημαG4161{N-NSN} τῷG3588{T-DSM} ποιήσαντιG4160{V-AAPDS} ΟὐG3364{ADV} συνετῶςG4908{ADV} μεG1473{P-AS} ἐποίησαςG4160{V-AAI-2S}; 17οὐκέτιG3765{ADV} μικρὸνG3398{A-ASM} καὶG2532{CONJ} μετατεθήσεταιG3346{V-FPI-3S} ὁG3588{T-NSM} ΛίβανοςG3030{N-NSM} ὡςG3739{ADV} τὸG3588{T-ASN} ὄροςG3735{N-ASN} τὸG3588{T-ASN} Χερμελ{N-PRI} καὶG2532{CONJ} τὸG3588{T-NSN} ὄροςG3735{N-NSN} τὸG3588{T-NSN} Χερμελ{N-PRI} εἰςG1519{PREP} δρυμὸν{N-ASM} λογισθήσεταιG3049{V-FPI-3S}; 18καὶG2532{CONJ} ἀκούσονταιG191{V-FMI-3P} ἐνG1722{PREP} τῇG3588{T-DSF} ἡμέρᾳG2250{N-DSF} ἐκείνῃG1565{D-DSF} κωφοὶG2974{A-NPM} λόγουςG3056{N-APM} βιβλίουG975{N-GSN}, καὶG2532{CONJ} οἱG3588{T-NPM} ἐνG1722{PREP} τῷG3588{T-DSM} σκότειG4655{N-DSM} καὶG2532{CONJ} οἱG3588{T-NPM} ἐνG1722{PREP} τῇG3588{T-DSF} ὁμίχλῃG3658{N-DSF} ὀφθαλμοὶG3788{N-NPM} τυφλῶνG5185{A-GPM} βλέψονταιG991{V-FMI-3P}· 19καὶG2532{CONJ} ἀγαλλιάσονταιG21{V-FMI-3P} πτωχοὶG4434{N-NPM} διὰG1223{PREP} יהוהH3068{N-ASM} ἐνG1722{PREP} εὐφροσύνῃG2167{N-DSF}, καὶG2532{CONJ} οἱG3588{T-NPM} ἀπηλπισμένοιG560{V-AMPNP} τῶνG3588{T-GPM} ἀνθρώπωνG444{N-GPM} ἐμπλησθήσονταιG1705{V-FPI-3P} εὐφροσύνηςG2167{N-GSF}. 20ἐξέλιπενG1587{V-AAI-3S} ἄνομοςG459{A-NSM}, καὶG2532{CONJ} ἀπώλετοG622{V-ANI-3S} ὑπερήφανοςG5244{A-NSM}, καὶG2532{CONJ} ἐξωλεθρεύθησαν{V-API-3P} οἱG3588{T-NPM} ἀνομοῦντες{V-FAPNP} ἐπὶG1909{PREP} κακίᾳG2549{N-DSF} 21καὶG2532{CONJ} οἱG3588{T-NPM} ποιοῦντεςG4160{V-PAPNP} ἁμαρτεῖνG264{V-AAN} ἀνθρώπουςG444{N-APM} ἐνG1722{PREP} λόγῳG3056{N-DSM}· πάνταςG3956{A-APM} δὲG1161{PRT} τοὺςG3588{T-APM} ἐλέγχονταςG1651{V-PAPAP} ἐνG1722{PREP} πύλαιςG4439{N-DPF} πρόσκομμαG4348{N-ASN} θήσουσινG5087{V-FAI-3P} καὶG2532{CONJ} ἐπλαγίασαν{V-AAI-3P} ἐνG1722{PREP} ἀδίκοιςG94{A-DPM} δίκαιονG1342{A-ASM}. 22διὰG1223{PREP} τοῦτοG3778{D-ASN} τάδεG3592{D-APN} λέγειG3004{V-PAI-3S} יהוהH3068{N-NSM} ἐπὶG1909{PREP} τὸνG3588{T-ASM} οἶκονG3624{N-ASM} ΙακωβG2384{N-PRI}, ὃνG3739{R-ASM} ἀφώρισενG873{V-AAI-3S} ἐξG1537{PREP} ΑβρααμG11{N-PRI} ΟὐG3364{ADV} νῦνG3568{ADV} αἰσχυνθήσεταιG153{V-FPI-3S} ΙακωβG2384{N-PRI} οὐδὲG3761{CONJ} νῦνG3568{ADV} τὸG3588{T-ASN} πρόσωπονG4383{N-ASN} μεταβαλεῖG3328{V-FAI-3S} ΙσραηλG2474{N-PRI}· 23ἀλλ᾽G235{CONJ} ὅτανG3752{ADV} ἴδωσινG3708{V-AAS-3P} τὰG3588{T-NPN} τέκναG5043{N-NPN} αὐτῶνG846{D-GPM} τὰG3588{T-APN} ἔργαG2041{N-APN} μουG1473{P-GS}, δι᾽G1223{PREP} ἐμὲG1473{P-AS} ἁγιάσουσινG37{V-FAI-3P} τὸG3588{T-ASN} ὄνομάG3686{N-ASN} μουG1473{P-GS} καὶG2532{CONJ} ἁγιάσουσινG37{V-FAI-3P} τὸνG3588{T-ASM} ἅγιονG40{A-ASM} ΙακωβG2384{N-PRI} καὶG2532{CONJ} τὸνG3588{T-ASM} θεὸνG2316{N-ASM} τοῦG3588{T-GSM} ΙσραηλG2474{N-PRI} φοβηθήσονταιG5399{V-FPI-3P}. 24καὶG2532{CONJ} γνώσονταιG1097{V-FMI-3P} οἱG3588{T-NPM} τῷG3588{T-DSN} πνεύματιG4151{N-DSN} πλανώμενοιG4105{V-PMPNP} σύνεσινG4907{N-ASF}, οἱG3588{T-NPM} δὲG1161{PRT} γογγύζοντεςG1111{V-PAPNP} μαθήσονταιG3129{V-FMI-3P} ὑπακούεινG5219{V-PAN}, καὶG2532{CONJ} αἱG3588{T-NPF} γλώσσαιG1100{N-NPF} αἱG3588{T-NPF} ψελλίζουσαι{V-PAPNP} μαθήσονταιG3129{V-FMI-3P} λαλεῖνG2980{V-PAN} εἰρήνηνG1515{N-ASF}.
Jamieson Fausset Brown Bible Commentary 1 COMING INVASION OF JERUSALEM: ITS FAILURE: UNBELIEF OF THE JEWS. (Isa. 29:1-24)
Ariel--Jerusalem; Ariel means "Lion of God," that is, city rendered by God invincible: the lion is emblem of a mighty hero (
2Sam 23:20). Otherwise "Hearth of God," that is, place where the altar-fire continually burns to God (
Isa 31:9;
Ezek 43:15-
Ezek 43:16).
add . . . year to year--ironically; suffer one year after another to glide on in the round of formal, heartless "sacrifices." Rather, "add yet another year" to the one just closed [MAURER]. Let a year elapse and a little more (
Isa 32:10, Margin).
let . . . kill sacrifices--rather, "let the beasts (of another year) go round" [MAURER]; that is, after the completion of a year "I will distress Ariel."
2 Yet--rather, "Then."
heaviness . . . sorrow--rather, preserving the Hebrew paronomasia, "groaning" and "moaning."
as Ariel--either, "the city shall be as a lion of God," that is, it shall emerge from its dangers unvanquished; or "it shall be as the altar of burnt offering," consuming with fire the besiegers (
Isa 29:6;
Isa 30:30;
Isa 31:9;
Lev 10:2); or best, as
Isa 29:3 continues the threat, and the promise of deliverance does not come till
Isa 29:4, "it shall be like a hearth of burning," that is, a scene of devastation by fire [G. V. SMITH]. The prophecy, probably, contemplates ultimately, besides the affliction and deliverance in Sennacherib's time, the destruction of Jerusalem by Rome, the dispersion of the Jews, their restoration, the destruction of the enemies that besiege the city (
Zech 14:2), and the final glory of Israel (
Isa 29:17-
Isa 29:24).
3 I--Jehovah, acting through the Assyrian, &c., His instruments (
Isa 10:5).
mount--an artificial mound formed to out-top high walls (
Isa 37:33); else a station, namely, of warriors, for the siege.
round about--not fully realized under Sennacherib, but in the Roman siege (
Luke 19:43;
Luke 21:20).
forts--siege-towers (
Deut 20:20).
4 Jerusalem shall be as a captive, humbled to the dust. Her voice shall come from the earth as that of the spirit-charmers or necromancers (
Isa 8:19), faint and shrill, as the voice of the dead was supposed to be. Ventriloquism was doubtless the trick caused to make the voice appear to come from the earth (
Isa 19:3). An appropriate retribution that Jerusalem, which consulted necromancers, should be made like them!
5 Moreover--rather, "Yet"; yet in this extremity help shall come, and the enemy be scattered.
strangers--foreign enemies, invaders (
Isa 25:2).
it shall be--namely, the destruction of the enemy.
at an instant--in a moment (
Isa 30:23).
6 Thou--the Assyrian army.
thunder, &c.--not literally, in the case of the Assyrians (
Isa 37:36); but figuratively for an awful judgment (
Isa 30:30;
Isa 28:17). The ulterior fulfilment, in the case of the Jews' foes in the last days, may be more literal (see as to "earthquake,"
Zech 14:4).
7 munition--fortress.
8 Their disappointment in the very height of their confident expectation of taking Jerusalem shall be as great as that of the hungry man who in a dream fancies he eats, but awakes to hunger still (
Ps 73:20); their dream shall be dissipated on the fatal morning (
Isa 37:36).
soul--simply his appetite: he is still thirsty.
9 Stay--rather, "Be astounded"; expressing the stupid and amazed incredulity with which the Jews received Isaiah's announcement.
wonder--The second imperative, as often (
Isa 8:9), is a threat; the first is a simple declaration of a fact, "Be astounded, since you choose to be so, at the prophecy, soon you will be amazed at the sight of the actual event" [MAURER].
cry . . . out . . . cry--rather, "Be ye blinded (since you choose to be so, though the light shines all round you), and soon ye shall be blinded" in good earnest to your sorrow [MAURER], (
Isa 6:9-
Isa 6:10).
not with wine--but with spiritual paralysis (
Isa 51:17,
Isa 51:21).
ye . . . they--The change from speaking to, to speaking of them, intimates that the prophet turns away from them to a greater distance, because of their stupid unbelief.
10 Jehovah gives them up judicially to their own hardness of heart (compare
Zech 14:13). Quoted by Paul, with variations from the Septuagint,
Rom 11:8. See
Isa 6:10;
Ps 69:23.
eyes; the prophets, &c.--rather, "hath closed your eyes, the prophets; and your heads (Margin; see also
Isa 3:2), the seers, He hath covered." The Orientals cover the head to sleep; thus "covered" is parallel to "closed your eyes" (
Judg 4:19). Covering the face was also preparatory to execution (
Esth 7:8). This cannot apply to the time when Isaiah himself prophesied, but to subsequent times.
11 of all--rather, "the whole vision." "Vision" is the same here as "revelation," or "law"; in
Isa 28:15, the same Hebrew word is translated, "covenant" [MAURER].
sealed-- (
Isa 8:16), God seals up the truth so that even the learned, because they lack believing docility, cannot discern it (
Matt 13:10-
Matt 13:17;
Matt 11:25). Prophecy remained comparatively a sealed volume (
Dan 12:4,
Dan 12:9), until Jesus, who "alone is worthy," "opened the seals" (
Rev 5:1-
Rev 5:5,
Rev 5:9;
Rev 6:1).
12 The unlearned succeed no better than the learned, not from want of human learning, as they fancy, but from not having the teaching of God (
Isa 54:13;
Jer 31:34;
John 6:45;
1Cor 2:7-10;
1John 2:20).
13 precept of men--instead of the precepts of God, given by His prophets; also worship external, and by rule, not heartfelt as God requires (
John 4:24). Compare Christ's quotation of this verse from the Septuagint.
14 (
Hab 1:5;
Acts 13:41). The "marvellous work" is one of unparalleled vengeance on the hypocrites: compare "strange work,"
Isa 28:21. The judgment, too, will visit the wise in that respect in which they most pride themselves; their wisdom shall be hid, that is, shall no longer appear, so as to help the nation in its distress (compare
1Cor 1:19).
15 seek deep to hide--rather, "That seek to hide deeply," &c. (compare
Isa 30:1-
Isa 30:2). The reference is to the secret plan which many of the Jewish nobles had of seeking Egyptian aid against Assyria, contrary to the advice of Isaiah. At the same time the hypocrite in general is described, who, under a plausible exterior, tries to hide his real character, not only from men, but even from God.
16 Rather, "Ah! your perverseness! just as if the potter should be esteemed as the clay!" [MAURER]. Or, "Ye invert (turn upside down) the order of things, putting yourselves instead of God," and vice versa, just as if the potter should be esteemed as the clay [HORSLEY], (
Isa 45:9;
Isa 64:8).
17 turned--as contrasted with your "turnings of things upside down" (
Isa 29:16), there shall be other and better turnings or revolutions; the outpouring of the Spirit in the latter days (
Isa 32:15); first on the Jews; which shall be followed by their national restoration (see on
Isa 29:2;
Zech 12:10) then on the Gentiles (
Joel 2:28).
fruitful field--literally, "a Carmel" (see on
Isa 10:18). The moral change in the Jewish nation shall be as great as if the wooded Lebanon were to become a fruitful field, and vice versa. Compare
Matt 11:12, Greek: "the kingdom of heaven forces itself," as it were, on man's acceptance; instead of men having to seek Messiah, as they had John, in a desert, He presents Himself before them with loving invitations; thus men's hearts, once a moral desert, are reclaimed so as to bear fruits of righteousness: vice versa, the ungodly who seemed prosperous, both in the moral and literal sense, shall be exhibited in their real barrenness.
18 deaf . . . blind--(Compare
Matt 11:5). The spiritually blind, &c., are chiefly meant; "the book," as Revelation is called pre-eminently, shall be no longer "sealed," as is described (
Isa 29:11), but the most unintelligent shall hear and see (
Isa 35:5).
19 meek--rather, the afflicted godly: the idea is, virtuous suffering (
Isa 61:1;
Ps 25:9;
Ps 37:11) [BARNES].
poor among men--that is, the poorest of men, namely, the pious poor.
rejoice--when they see their oppressors punished (
Isa 29:20-
Isa 29:21), and Jehovah exhibited as their protector and rewarder (
Isa 29:22-
Isa 29:24;
Isa 41:17;
Jas 2:5).
20 terrible--namely, the persecutors among the Jewish nobles.
scorner-- (
Isa 28:14,
Isa 28:22).
watch for--not only commit iniquity, but watch for opportunities of committing it, and make it their whole study (see
Mic 2:1;
Matt 26:59;
Matt 27:1).
21 Rather, "Who make a man guilty in his cause" [GESENIUS], that is, unjustly condemn him. "A man" is in the Hebrew a poor man, upon whom such unjust condemnations might be practiced with more impunity than on the rich; compare
Isa 29:19, "the meek . . . the poor."
him that reproveth--rather, "pleadeth"; one who has a suit at issue.
gate--the place of concourse in a city, where courts of justice were held (
Ruth 4:11;
Pro 31:23;
Amos 5:10,
Amos 5:12).
just--one who has a just cause; or, Jesus Christ, "the Just One" [HORSLEY].
for a thing of naught--rather, "through falsehood," "by a decision that is null in justice" [BARNES]. Compare as to Christ,
Pro 28:21;
Matt 26:15;
Acts 3:13-
Acts 3:14;
Acts 8:33.
22 Join "saith . . . concerning the house of Jacob."
redeemed--out of Ur, a land of idolaters (
Josh 24:3).
not now--After the moral revolution described (
Isa 29:17), the children of Jacob shall no longer give cause to their forefathers to blush for them.
wax pale--with shame and disappointment at the wicked degeneracy of his posterity, and fear as to their punishment.
23 But--rather, "For."
he--Jacob.
work of mine hands--spiritually, as well as physically (
Isa 19:25;
Isa 60:21;
Eph 2:10). By Jehovah's agency Israel shall be cleansed of its corruptions, and shall consist wholly of pious men (
Isa 54:13-
Isa 54:14;
Isa 2:1;
Isa 60:21).
midst of him--that is, his land. Or else "His children" are the Gentiles adopted among the Israelites, his lineal descendants (
Rom 9:26;
Eph 3:6) [HORSLEY].
24 They . . . that erred-- (
Isa 28:7).
learn doctrine--rather, "shall receive discipline" or "instruction." "Murmuring" was the characteristic of Israel's rebellion against God (
Exod 16:8;
Ps 106:25). This shall be so no more. Chastisements, and, in HORSLEY'S view, the piety of the Gentiles provoking the Jews to holy jealousy (
Rom 11:11,
Rom 11:14), shall then produce the desired effect.
Jewish ambassadors were now on their way to Egypt to seek aid against Assyria (
Isa 30:2-
Isa 30:6,
Isa 30:15;
Isa 31:1). Isaiah denounces this reliance on Egypt rather than on Jehovah. God had prohibited such alliances with heathen nations, and it was a leading part of Jewish polity that they should be a separate people (
Exod 23:32;
Deut 7:2).
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