1ΠαροιμίαιG3942{N-NPF} Σαλωμῶντος{N-PRI} υἱοῦG5207{N-GSM} ΔαυιδG1138{N-PRI}, ὃςG3739{R-NSM} ἐβασίλευσενG936{V-AAI-3S} ἐνG1722{PREP} ΙσραηλG2474{N-PRI}, 2γνῶναιG1097{V-AAN} σοφίανG4678{N-ASF} καὶG2532{CONJ} παιδείανG3809{N-ASF} νοῆσαίG3539{V-AAN} τεG5037{CONJ} λόγουςG3056{N-APM} φρονήσεωςG5428{N-GSF} 3δέξασθαίG1209{V-AMP} τεG5037{CONJ} στροφὰς{N-APF} λόγωνG3056{N-GPM} νοῆσαίG3539{V-AAN} τεG5037{CONJ} δικαιοσύνηνG1343{N-ASF} ἀληθῆG227{A-ASF} καὶG2532{CONJ} κρίμαG2917{N-ASN} κατευθύνεινG2720{V-PAN}, 4ἵναG2443{CONJ} δῷG1325{V-AAS-3S} ἀκάκοιςG172{A-DPM} πανουργίανG3834{N-ASF}, παιδὶG3816{N-DSM} δὲG1161{PRT} νέῳG3501{A-DSM} αἴσθησίνG144{N-ASF} τεG5037{PRT} καὶG2532{CONJ} ἔννοιανG1771{N-ASF}· 5τῶνδεG3592{D-GPF} γὰρG1063{PRT} ἀκούσαςG191{V-AAPNS} σοφὸςG4680{A-NSM} σοφώτεροςG4680{A-NSMC} ἔσταιG1510{V-FMI-3S}, ὁG3588{T-NSM} δὲG1161{PRT} νοήμων{A-NSM} κυβέρνησινG2941{N-ASM} κτήσεταιG2932{V-FMI-3S} 6νοήσειG3539{V-FAI-3S} τεG5037{CONJ} παραβολὴνG3850{N-ASF} καὶG2532{CONJ} σκοτεινὸνG4652{A-ASM} λόγονG3056{N-ASM} ῥήσεις{N-APF} τεG5037{CONJ} σοφῶνG4680{A-GPM} καὶG2532{CONJ} αἰνίγματαG135{N-APN}. 7ἈρχὴG746{N-NSF} σοφίαςG4678{N-GSF} φόβοςG5401{N-NSM} יהוהH3068{N-GSM}, σύνεσιςG4907{N-NSF} δὲG1161{PRT} ἀγαθὴG18{A-NSF} πᾶσιG3956{A-DPM} τοῖςG3588{T-DPM} ποιοῦσινG4160{V-PAPDP} αὐτήνG846{D-ASF}· εὐσέβειαG2150{N-NSF} δὲG1161{PRT} εἰςG1519{PREP} θεὸνG2316{N-ASM} ἀρχὴG746{N-NSF} αἰσθήσεωςG144{N-GSF}, σοφίανG4678{N-ASF} δὲG1161{PRT} καὶG2532{CONJ} παιδείανG3809{N-ASF} ἀσεβεῖςG765{A-NPM} ἐξουθενήσουσινG1848{V-FAI-3P}. 8ἄκουεG191{V-PAD-2S}, υἱέG5207{N-VSM}, παιδείανG3809{N-ASF} πατρόςG3962{N-GSM} σουG4771{P-GS} καὶG2532{CONJ} μὴG3165{ADV} ἀπώσῃG683{V-AAS-3S} θεσμοὺς{N-APM} μητρόςG3384{N-GSF} σουG4771{P-GS}· 9στέφανονG4735{N-ASM} γὰρG1063{PRT} χαρίτωνG5485{N-GPF} δέξῃG1209{V-AMS-2S} σῇG4674{A-DSF} κορυφῇ{N-DSF} καὶG2532{CONJ} κλοιὸν{N-ASM} χρύσεονG5552{A-ASM} περὶG4012{PREP} σῷG4674{A-DSM} τραχήλῳG5137{N-DSM}. 10υἱέG5207{N-VSM}, μήG3165{ADV} σεG4771{P-AS} πλανήσωσινG4105{V-AAS-3P} ἄνδρεςG435{N-NPM} ἀσεβεῖςG765{A-NPM}, μηδὲG3366{CONJ} βουληθῇςG1014{V-APS-2S}, ἐὰνG1437{CONJ} παρακαλέσωσίG3870{V-AAS-3P} σεG4771{P-AS} λέγοντεςG3004{V-PAPNP} 11ἘλθὲG2064{V-PAD-2S} μεθ᾽G3326{PREP} ἡμῶνG1473{P-GP}, κοινώνησονG2841{V-AAD-2S} αἵματοςG129{N-GSN}, κρύψωμενG2928{V-AAS-1P} δὲG1161{PRT} εἰςG1519{PREP} γῆνG1065{N-ASF} ἄνδραG435{N-ASM} δίκαιονG1342{A-ASM} ἀδίκωςG94{ADV}, 12καταπίωμενG2666{V-AAS-1P} δὲG1161{PRT} αὐτὸνG846{D-ASM} ὥσπερG3746{ADV} ᾅδηςG86{N-NSM} ζῶνταG2198{V-PAPAS} καὶG2532{CONJ} ἄρωμενG142{V-AAS-1P} αὐτοῦG846{D-GSM} τὴνG3588{T-ASF} μνήμηνG3420{N-ASF} ἐκG1537{PREP} γῆςG1065{N-GSF}· 13τὴνG3588{T-ASF} κτῆσινG2932{N-ASF} αὐτοῦG846{D-GSM} τὴνG3588{T-ASF} πολυτελῆG4185{A-ASF} καταλαβώμεθαG2638{V-AMS-1P}, πλήσωμενG4130{V-AAS-1P} δὲG1161{PRT} οἴκουςG3624{N-APM} ἡμετέρουςG2251{A-APM} σκύλωνG4661{N-GPN}· 14τὸνG3588{T-ASM} δὲG1161{PRT} σὸνG4674{A-ASM} κλῆρονG2819{N-ASM} βάλεG906{V-AAD-2S} ἐνG1722{PREP} ἡμῖνG1473{P-DP}, κοινὸνG2839{A-ASN} δὲG1161{PRT} βαλλάντιονG905{N-ASN} κτησώμεθαG2932{V-AMS-1P} πάντεςG3956{A-NPM}, καὶG2532{CONJ} μαρσίππιον{N-ASN} ἓνG1519{A-ASN} γενηθήτωG1096{V-APD-3S} ἡμῖνG1473{P-DP}. 15μὴG3165{ADV} πορευθῇςG4198{V-APS-2S} ἐνG1722{PREP} ὁδῷG3598{N-DSM} μετ᾽G3326{PREP} αὐτῶνG846{D-GPM}, ἔκκλινονG1578{V-AAD-2S} δὲG1161{PRT} τὸνG3588{T-ASM} πόδαG4228{N-ASM} σουG4771{P-GS} ἐκG1537{PREP} τῶνG3588{T-GPF} τρίβωνG5147{N-GPF} αὐτῶνG846{D-GPM}· 16οἱG3588{T-NPM} γὰρG1063{PRT} πόδεςG4228{N-NPM} αὐτῶνG846{D-GPM} εἰςG1519{PREP} κακίανG2549{N-ASF} τρέχουσινG5143{V-PAI-3P} καὶG2532{CONJ} ταχινοὶG5031{A-NPM} τοῦG3588{T-GSN} ἐκχέαιG1632{V-AAN} αἷμαG129{N-ASN}· 17οὐG3364{ADV} γὰρG1063{PRT} ἀδίκωςG94{ADV} ἐκτείνεταιG1614{V-PMI-3S} δίκτυαG1350{N-APN} πτερωτοῖς{A-DPN}. 18αὐτοὶG846{D-NPM} γὰρG1063{PRT} οἱG3588{T-NPM} φόνουG5408{N-GSM} μετέχοντεςG3348{V-PAPNP} θησαυρίζουσινG2343{V-PAI-3P} ἑαυτοῖςG1438{D-DPM} κακάG2556{A-APN}, ἡG3588{T-NSF} δὲG1161{PRT} καταστροφὴG2692{N-NSF} ἀνδρῶνG435{N-GPM} παρανόμωνG3891{A-GPM} κακήG2556{A-NSF}. 19αὗταιG1438{D-NPF} αἱG3588{T-NPF} ὁδοίG3598{N-NPF} εἰσινG1510{V-PAI-3P} πάντωνG3956{A-GPM} τῶνG3588{T-GPM} συντελούντωνG4931{V-PAPGP} τὰG3588{T-APN} ἄνομαG459{A-APN}· τῇG3588{T-DSF} γὰρG1063{PRT} ἀσεβείᾳG763{N-DSF} τὴνG3588{T-ASF} ἑαυτῶνG1438{D-GPN} ψυχὴνG5590{N-ASF} ἀφαιροῦνταιG851{V-PMI-3P}. 20ΣοφίαG4678{N-NSF} ἐνG1722{PREP} ἐξόδοιςG1841{N-DPF} ὑμνεῖταιG5214{V-PMI-3S}, ἐνG1722{PREP} δὲG1161{PRT} πλατείαιςG4116{A-DPF} παρρησίανG3954{N-ASF} ἄγειG71{V-PAI-3S}, 21ἐπ᾽G1909{PREP} ἄκρωνG206{A-GPN} δὲG1161{PRT} τειχέωνG5038{N-GPN} κηρύσσεταιG2784{V-PMI-3S}, ἐπὶG1909{PREP} δὲG1161{PRT} πύλαιςG4439{N-DPF} δυναστῶνG1413{N-GPM} παρεδρεύειG3917{V-PAI-3S}, ἐπὶG1909{PREP} δὲG1161{PRT} πύλαιςG4439{N-DPF} πόλεωςG4172{N-GSF} θαρροῦσαG2293{V-PAPNS} λέγειG3004{V-PAI-3S} 22ὍσονG3745{A-ASM} ἂνG302{PRT} χρόνονG5550{N-ASM} ἄκακοιG172{A-NPM} ἔχωνταιG2192{V-PMS-3P} τῆςG3588{T-GSF} δικαιοσύνηςG1343{N-GSF}, οὐκG3364{ADV} αἰσχυνθήσονταιG153{V-FPI-3P}· οἱG3588{T-NPM} δὲG1161{PRT} ἄφρονεςG878{A-NPM}, τῆςG3588{T-GSF} ὕβρεωςG5196{N-GSF} ὄντεςG1510{V-PAPNP} ἐπιθυμηταίG1938{N-NPM}, ἀσεβεῖςG765{A-NPM} γενόμενοιG1096{V-AMPNP} ἐμίσησανG3404{V-AAI-3P} αἴσθησινG144{N-ASF} 23καὶG2532{CONJ} ὑπεύθυνοι{N-NPM} ἐγένοντοG1096{V-AMI-3P} ἐλέγχοιςG1650{N-DPM}. ἰδοὺG2400{INJ} προήσομαι{V-FMI-1S} ὑμῖνG4771{P-DP} ἐμῆςG1699{A-GSF} πνοῆςG4157{N-GSF} ῥῆσιν{N-ASF}, διδάξωG1321{V-FAI-1S} δὲG1161{PRT} ὑμᾶςG4771{P-AP} τὸνG3588{T-ASM} ἐμὸνG1699{A-ASM} λόγονG3056{N-ASM}. 24ἐπειδὴG1894{CONJ} ἐκάλουνG2564{V-IAI-1S} καὶG2532{CONJ} οὐχG3364{ADV} ὑπηκούσατεG5219{V-AAI-2P} καὶG2532{CONJ} ἐξέτεινονG1614{V-IAI-1S} λόγουςG3056{N-APM} καὶG2532{CONJ} οὐG3364{ADV} προσείχετεG4337{V-IAI-2P}, 25ἀλλὰG235{CONJ} ἀκύρουςG3361{A-APF} ἐποιεῖτεG4160{V-IAI-2P} ἐμὰςG1699{A-APF} βουλάςG1012{N-APF}, τοῖςG3588{T-DPM} δὲG1161{PRT} ἐμοῖςG1699{A-DPM} ἐλέγχοιςG1650{N-DPM} ἠπειθήσατεG544{V-AAI-2P}, 26τοιγαροῦνG5105{PRT} κἀγὼG2504{CONJ} τῇG3588{T-DSF} ὑμετέρᾳG5212{A-DSF} ἀπωλείᾳG684{N-DSF} ἐπιγελάσομαι{V-FMI-1S}, καταχαροῦμαι{V-FMI-1S} δέG1161{PRT}, ἡνίκαG2259{ADV} ἂνG302{PRT} ἔρχηταιG2064{V-PMS-3S} ὑμῖνG4771{P-DP} ὄλεθροςG3639{N-NSM}, 27καὶG2532{CONJ} ὡςG3739{ADV} ἂνG302{PRT} ἀφίκηταιG864{V-AMS-3S} ὑμῖνG4771{P-DP} ἄφνωG869{ADV} θόρυβοςG2351{N-NSM}, ἡG3588{T-NSF} δὲG1161{PRT} καταστροφὴG2692{N-NSF} ὁμοίωςG3664{ADV} καταιγίδι{N-DSF} παρῇG3918{V-PAS-3S}, καὶG2532{CONJ} ὅτανG3752{ADV} ἔρχηταιG2064{V-PMS-3S} ὑμῖνG4771{P-DP} θλῖψιςG2347{N-NSF} καὶG2532{CONJ} πολιορκία{N-NSF}, ἢG2228{CONJ} ὅτανG3752{ADV} ἔρχηταιG2064{V-PMS-3S} ὑμῖνG4771{P-DP} ὄλεθροςG3639{N-NSM}. 28ἔσταιG1510{V-FMI-3S} γὰρG1063{PRT} ὅτανG3752{ADV} ἐπικαλέσησθέG1941{V-AMS-2P} μεG1473{P-AS}, ἐγὼG1473{P-NS} δὲG1161{PRT} οὐκG3364{ADV} εἰσακούσομαιG1522{V-FMI-1S} ὑμῶνG4771{P-GP}· ζητήσουσίνG2212{V-FAI-3P} μεG1473{P-AS} κακοὶG2556{A-NPM} καὶG2532{CONJ} οὐχG3364{ADV} εὑρήσουσινG2147{V-FAI-3P}. 29ἐμίσησανG3404{V-AAI-3P} γὰρG1063{PRT} σοφίανG4678{N-ASF}, τὸνG3588{T-ASM} δὲG1161{PRT} φόβονG5401{N-ASM} τοῦG3588{T-GSM} יהוהH3068{N-GSM} οὐG3364{ADV} προείλαντοG4255{V-AMI-3P} 30οὐδὲG3761{CONJ} ἤθελονG2309{V-IAI-3P} ἐμαῖςG1699{A-DPF} προσέχεινG4337{V-PAN} βουλαῖςG1012{N-DPF}, ἐμυκτήριζονG3456{V-IAI-3P} δὲG1161{PRT} ἐμοὺςG1699{A-APM} ἐλέγχουςG1650{N-APM}. 31τοιγαροῦνG5105{PRT} ἔδονταιG2068{V-FMI-3P} τῆςG3588{T-GSF} ἑαυτῶνG1438{D-GPM} ὁδοῦG3598{N-GSF} τοὺςG3588{T-APM} καρποὺςG2590{N-APM} καὶG2532{CONJ} τῆςG3588{T-GSF} ἑαυτῶνG1438{D-GPF} ἀσεβείαςG763{N-GSF} πλησθήσονταιG4130{V-FPI-3P}· 32ἀνθ᾽G473{PREP} ὧνG3739{R-GPM} γὰρG1063{PRT} ἠδίκουνG91{V-IAI-3P} νηπίουςG3516{A-APM}, φονευθήσονταιG5407{V-FPI-3P}, καὶG2532{CONJ} ἐξετασμὸς{N-NSM} ἀσεβεῖςG765{A-APM} ὀλεῖ{V-FAI-3S}. 33ὁG3588{T-NSM} δὲG1161{PRT} ἐμοῦG1473{P-GS} ἀκούωνG191{V-PAPNS} κατασκηνώσειG2681{V-FAI-3S} ἐπ᾽G1909{PREP} ἐλπίδιG1680{N-DSF} καὶG2532{CONJ} ἡσυχάσειG2270{V-FAI-3S} ἀφόβωςG870{ADV} ἀπὸG575{PREP} παντὸςG3956{A-GSN} κακοῦG2556{A-GSN}.
Jamieson Fausset Brown Bible Commentary 1 After the title the writer defines the design and nature of the instructions of the book. He paternally invites attention to those instructions and warns his readers against the enticements of the wicked. In a beautiful personification, wisdom is then introduced in a most solemn and impressive manner, publicly inviting men to receive its teachings, warning those who reject, and encouraging those who accept, the proffered instructions. (Pro. 1:1-33)
2 To know . . . instruction--literally, "for knowing," that is, such is the design of these writings.
wisdom--or the use of the best means for the best ends, is generally employed in this book for true piety.
instruction--discipline, by which men are trained.
to perceive--literally, "for perceiving," the design (as above)
understanding--that is, words which enable one to discern good and evil.
3 To receive . . . of wisdom--For receiving that discipline which discretion imparts. The Hebrew for "wisdom" differs from that of
Pro 1:2, and denotes rather discreet counsel. Compare the opposite traits of the fool (
Pro 16:22).
justice . . . equity--all the attributes of one upright in all his relations to God and man.
4 simple--one easily led to good or evil; so the parallel.
young man--one inexperienced.
subtilty--or prudence (
Pro 3:21;
Pro 5:21).
discretion--literally, "device," both qualities, either good or bad, according to their use. Here good, as they imply wariness by which to escape evil and find good.
5 Such writings the wise, who pursue right ends by right means, will value.
learning--not the act, but matter of it.
wise counsels--or the art and principles of governing.
6 To understand--so as to . . . such will be the result.
interpretation--(Compare Margin).
words of the wise--(Compare
Pro 1:2).
dark sayings--(Compare
Ps 49:4;
John 16:25; and see Introduction, Part I).
7 The fear of the Lord--the principle of true piety (compare
Pro 2:5;
Pro 14:26-
Pro 14:27;
Job 28:28;
Ps 34:11;
Ps 111:10;
Acts 9:31).
beginning--first part, foundation.
fools--the stupid and indifferent to God's character and government; hence the wicked.
8 My son--This paternal form denotes a tender regard for the reader. Filial sentiments rank next to piety towards God, and ensure most distinguished rewards (compare
Pro 6:20;
Eph 6:2-
Eph 6:3).
9 On the figures of
Pro 1:9, compare
Gen 41:42;
Song 1:10;
Song 4:9.
10 A solemn warning against temptation.
entice--literally, "open the way."
consent . . . not--Sin is in consenting or yielding to temptation, not in being tempted.
11 Murder and robbery are given as specific illustrations.
lay wait . . . lurk privily--express an effort and hope for successful concealment.
swallow . . . grave--utterly destroy the victim and traces of the crime (
Num 16:33;
Ps 55:15). Abundant rewards of villainy are promised as the fruits of this easy and safe course.
15 The society of the wicked (way or path) is dangerous. Avoid the beginnings of sin (
Pro 4:14;
Ps 1:1;
Ps 119:101).
17 Men warned ought to escape danger as birds instinctively avoid visibly spread nets. But stupid sinners rush to their own ruin (
Ps 9:16), and, greedy of gain, succeed in the very schemes which destroy them (
1Tim 6:10), not only failing to catch others, but procuring their own destruction.
20 Some interpreters regard this address as the language of the Son of God under the name of Wisdom (compare
Luke 11:49). Others think that wisdom, as the divine attribute specially employed in acts of counsel and admonition, is here personified, and represents God. In either case the address is a most solemn and divine admonition, whose matter and spirit are eminently evangelical and impressive (see on
Pro 8:1).
Wisdom--literally, "Wisdoms," the plural used either because of the unusual sense, or as indicative of the great excellency of wisdom (compare
Pro 9:1).
streets--or most public places, not secretly.
21 The publicity further indicated by terms designating places of most common resort.
22 simple ones--(Compare
Pro 1:4).
simplicity--implying ignorance.
scorners-- (
Ps 1:1) --who despise, as well as reject, truth.
fools--Though a different word is used from that of
Pro 1:7, yet it is of the same meaning.
23 reproof--implying conviction deserving it (compare
John 16:8, Margin).
pour out--abundantly impart.
my spirit--whether of wisdom personified, or of Christ, a divine agent.
24 stretched . . . hand--Earnestness, especially in beseeching, is denoted by the figure (compare
Job 11:13;
Ps 68:31;
Ps 88:9).
25 set at naught--rejected as of no value.
would none of--literally, "were not willing or inclined to it."
26 In their extreme distress He will not only refuse help, but aggravate it by derision.
27 fear--the object of it.
desolation--literally, "a tumultuous noise," denoting their utter confusion.
destruction--or calamity (
Pro 1:26) compared to a whirlwind, as to fatal rapidity.
distress-- (
Ps 4:1;
Ps 44:11).
anguish--a state of inextricable oppression, the deepest despair.
28 Now no prayers or most diligent seeking will avail (
Pro 8:17).
29 The sinner's infatuated rejection brings his ruin.
31 fruit . . . way--result of conduct (
Isa 3:10;
Ezek 11:21;
Rom 6:21;
Gal 6:7-
Gal 6:8).
be filled--even to repletion (
Ps 123:4).
32 turning away--that is, from the call of
Pro 1:23.
simple--as in
Pro 1:22.
prosperity--quiet, implying indifference.
33 dwell safely--literally, "in confidence" (
Deut 12:10).
be quiet--or at ease, in real prosperity.
from fear--without fear.