1Y JEHOVÁH3068 hablóH1696 á MoisésH4872, diciendoH559: 2Santifícame todoH3605 primogénitoH1060, cualquieraH3605 que abreH6363 matrizH7358 entre los hijosH1121 de IsraelH3478, así de los hombresH120 como de los animalesH929: mío es. 3Y MoisésH4872 dijoH559 alH413 puebloH5971: Tened memoriaH2142 de aqueste díaH3117, en el cualH834 habéis salidoH3318 de EgiptoH4714, de la casaH1004 de servidumbreH5650; puesH3588 JehováH3068 os ha sacadoH3318 de aquíH2088 con manoH3027 fuerteH2392: por tanto, noH3808 comeréisH398 leudadoH2557. 4VosotrosH859 salísH3318 hoyH3117 en el mesH2320 de AbibH24. 5Y cuandoH3588 JehováH3068 te hubiere metidoH935 enH413 la tierraH776 del CananeoH3669, y del HetheoH2850, y del AmorrheoH567, y del HebeoH2340, y del JebuseoH2983, la cualH834 juróH7650 á tus padresH1 que te daríaH5414, tierraH776 que destilaH2100 lecheH2461 y mielH1706, harásH5647 este servicio enH413 aqueste mesH2320. 6SieteH7651 díasH3117 comerásH398 por leudar, y el séptimoH7637 díaH3117 será fiestaH2282 á JehováH3068. 7Por los sieteH7651 díasH3117 se comeránH398 los panes sin levaduraH4682; y noH3808 se veráH7200 contigo leudadoH2557, ni levaduraH7603 en todoH3605 tu términoH1366. 8Y contarásH5046 en aquel díaH3117 á tu hijoH1121, diciendoH559: Hácese estoH2088 con motivo de lo que JehováH3068 hizoH6213 conmigo cuando me sacóH3318 de EgiptoH4714. 9Y serte ha como una señalH226 sobreH5921 tu manoH3027, y como una memoriaH2146 delanteH996 de tus ojosH5869, para que la leyH8451 de JehováH3068 estéH1961 en tu bocaH6310; porH3588 cuanto con manoH3027 fuerteH2389 te sacóH3318 JehováH3068 de EgiptoH4714. 10Por tanto, tú guardarásH8104 este ritoH2708 en su tiempoH4150 de añoH3117 en añoH3117. 11Y cuandoH3588 JehováH3068 te hubiere metidoH935 enH413 la tierraH776 del CananeoH3669, como te ha juradoH7650 á ti y á tus padresH1, y cuandoH3588 te la hubiere dadoH5414, 12Harás pasarH5674 á JehováH3068 todoH3605 lo que abriereH6363 la matrizH7358, asimismo todoH3605 primerizo que abriereH6363 la matrizH7358 deH834 tus animalesH929: los machosH2145 serán deH834 JehováH3068. 13Mas todoH3605 primogénitoH6363 de asnoH2543 redimirásH6299 con un corderoH7716; y siH518 noH3808 lo redimieresH6299, le degollarás: asimismo redimirásH6299 todoH3605 humano primogénitoH1060 de tus hijosH1121. 14Y cuandoH3588 mañanaH4279 te preguntareH7592 tu hijoH1121, diciendoH559: ¿QuéH4100 es estoH2063? decirle has: JehováH3068 nosH587 sacóH3318 con manoH3027 fuerteH2392 de EgiptoH4714, de casaH1004 de servidumbreH5650; 15Y endureciéndoseH7185 FaraónH6547 en no dejarnosH7971 ir, JehováH3068 matóH2026 en la tierraH776 de EgiptoH4714 á todoH3605 primogénitoH1060, desde el primogénitoH1060 humanoH120 hastaH5704 el primogénitoH1060 de la bestiaH929: y por esta causaH5921 yoH589 sacrificoH2076 á JehováH3068 todoH3605 primogénitoH6363 machoH2145, y redimoH6299 todoH3605 primogénitoH1060 de misH589 hijosH1121. 16SerteH1961 ha, pues, como una señalH226 sobreH5921 tu manoH3027, y por una memoriaH2903 delanteH996 de tus ojosH5869; ya que JehováH3068 nosH587 sacóH3318 de EgiptoH4714 con manoH3027 fuerteH2392. 17Y luego que FaraónH6547 dejóH7971 ir al puebloH5971, DiosH430 noH3808 los llevóH5148 por el caminoH1870 de la tierraH776 de los FilisteosH6430, queH3588 estaba cercaH7138; porqueH3588 dijoH559 DiosH430: QueH3588 quizá noH6435 se arrepientaH5162 el puebloH5971 cuando vieren la guerraH4421, y se vuelvan á EgiptoH4714: 18Mas hizo DiosH430 al puebloH5971 que rodeaseH5437 por el caminoH1870 del desiertoH4057 del marH3220 BermejoH5488. Y subieronH5927 los hijosH1121 de IsraelH3478 de EgiptoH4714 armadosH2571. 19TomóH3947 también consigoH5973 MoisésH4872 los huesosH6106 de JoséH3130, el cual había juramentadoH7650 á los hijosH1121 de IsraelH3478, diciendoH559: DiosH430 ciertamenteH6485 os visitaráH6485, y haréis subirH5927 mis huesosH6106 de aquíH2088 conH853 vosotros. 20Y partidosH5265 de SuccothH5523, asentaron campoH2583 en EthamH864, á la entradaH7097 del desiertoH4057. 21Y JehováH3068 ibaH3212 delanteH6440 de ellos de díaH3119 en una columnaH5982 de nubeH6051, para guiarlosH5148 por el caminoH1870; y de nocheH3915 en una columnaH5982 de fuegoH784 para alumbrarlesH215; á fin de que anduviesenH3212 de díaH3119 y de nocheH3915. 22NuncaH3808 se partióH4851 de delanteH6440 del puebloH5971 la columnaH5982 de nubeH6051 de díaH3119, ni de nocheH3915 la columnaH5982 de fuegoH784.
Jamieson Fausset Brown Bible Commentary 2 THE FIRST-BORN SANCTIFIED. (
Exod 13:1-
Exod 13:2)
Sanctify unto me all the first-born--To "sanctify" means to "consecrate," to "set apart" from a common to a sacred use. The foundation of this duty rested on the fact that the Israelites, having had their first-born preserved by a distinguishing act of grace from the general destruction that overtook the families of the Egyptians, were bound in token of gratitude to consider them as the Lord's peculiar property (compare
Heb 12:23).
3 MEMORIAL OF THE PASSOVER. (
Exod 13:3-
Exod 13:10)
Moses said unto the people, Remember this day--The day that gave them a national existence and introduced them into the privileges of independence and freedom, deserved to live in the memories of the Hebrews and their posterity; and, considering the signal interposition of God displayed in it, to be held not only in perpetual, but devout remembrance.
house of bondage--literally, "house of slaves"--that is, a servile and degrading condition.
for by strength of hand the Lord brought you out from this place--The emancipation of Israel would never have been obtained except it had been wrung from the Egyptian tyrant by the appalling judgments of God, as had been at the outset of his mission announced to Moses (
Exod 3:19).
There shall no leavened bread, &c.--The words are elliptical, and the meaning of the clause may be paraphrased thus:--"For by strength of hand the Lord brought you out from this place, in such haste that there could or should be no leavened bread eaten."
4 month Abib--literally, "a green ear," and hence the month Abib is the month of green ears, corresponding to the middle of our March. It was the best season for undertaking a journey to the desert region of Sinai, especially with flocks and herds; for then the winter torrents had subsided, and the wadies were covered with an early and luxuriant verdure.
5 when the Lord shall bring thee--The passover is here instituted as a permanent festival of the Israelites. It was, however, only a prospective observance; we read of only one celebration of the passover during the protracted sojourn in the wilderness [
Num 9:5]; but on their settlement in the promised land, the season was hallowed as a sacred anniversary [
Josh 5:10], in conformity with the directions here given.
8 thou shalt show thy son in that day, saying--The establishment of this and the other sacred festivals presented the best opportunities of instructing the young in a knowledge of His gracious doings to their ancestors in Egypt.
9 it shall be for a sign unto thee upon thine hand, &c.--There is no reason to believe that the Oriental tattooing--the custom of staining the hands with the powder of Hennah, as Eastern females now do--is here referred to. Nor is it probable that either this practice or the phylacteries of the Pharisees--parchment scrolls, which were worn on their wrists and foreheads--had so early an existence. The words are to be considered only as a figurative mode of expression.
that the Lord's law may be in thy mouth, &c.--that is, that it may be the subject of frequent conversation and familiar knowledge among the people.
12 FIRSTLINGS OF BEASTS. (
Exod 13:11-
Exod 13:16)
every firstling, &c.--the injunction respecting the consecration of the first-born, as here repeated, with some additional circumstances. The firstlings of clean beasts, such as lambs, kids, and calves, if males, were to be devoted to God and employed in sacrifice. Those unclean beasts, as the ass's colt, being unfit for sacrifice, were to be redeemed (
Num 18:15).
17 JOURNEY FROM EGYPT. (
Exod 13:17-
Exod 13:21)
God led them not through the way of the land of the Philistines, although that was near, &c.--The shortest and most direct route from Egypt to Palestine was the usual caravan road that leads by Belbeis, El-Arish, to Ascalon and Gaza. The Philistines, who then possessed the latter, would have been sure to dispute their passage, for between them and the Israelites there was a hereditary feud (
1Chr 7:21-22); and so early a commencement of hostilities would have discouraged or dismayed the unwarlike band which Moses led. Their faith was to be exercised and strengthened, and from the commencement of their travels we observe the same careful proportion of burdens and trials to their character and state, as the gracious Lord shows to His people still in that spiritual journey of which the former was typical.
18 God led the people about, through the way of the wilderness of the Red Sea, &c.--This wondrous expanse of water is a gulf of the Indian ocean. It was called in Hebrew "the weedy sea," from the forest of marine plants with which it abounds. But the name of the Red Sea is not so easily traced. Some think it was given from its contiguity to the countries of Edom ("red"); others derive it from its coral rocks; while a third class ascribe the origin of the name to an extremely red appearance of the water in some parts, caused by a numberless multitude of very small mollusca. This sea, at its northern extremity, separates into two smaller inlets--the eastern called anciently the Elanitic gulf, now the gulf of Akaba; and the western the Heroopolite gulf, now the gulf of Suez, which, there can be no doubt, extended much more to the north anciently than it does now. It was toward the latter the Israelites marched.
went up harnessed--that is, girded, equipped for a long journey. (See
Ps 105:37). The Margin renders it "five in a rank," meaning obviously five large divisions, under five presiding officers, according to the usages of all caravans; and a spectacle of such a mighty and motley multitude must have presented an imposing appearance, and its orderly progress could have been effected only by the superintending influence of God.
19 Moses took the bones of Joseph with him--in fulfilment of the oath he exacted from his brethren (
Gen 50:25-
Gen 50:26). The remains of the other patriarchs (not noticed from their obscurity) were also carried out of Egypt (
Acts 7:15-
Acts 7:16); and there would be no difficulty as to the means of conveyance--a few camels bearing these precious relics would give a true picture of Oriental customs, such as is still to be seen in the immense pilgrimages to Mecca.
20 encamped in Etham--This place is supposed by the most intelligent travellers to be the modern Ajrud, where is a watering-place, and which is the third stage of the pilgrim-caravans to Mecca. "It is remarkable that either of the different routes eastward from Heliopolis, or southward from Heroopolis, equally admit of Ajrud being Etham. It is twelve miles northwest from Suez, and is literally on the edge of the desert" [Pictorial Bible].
21 the Lord went before them--by a visible token of His presence, the Shekinah, in a majestic cloud (
Ps 78:14;
Neh 9:12;
1Cor 10:1), called "the angel of God" (
Exod 14:19;
Exod 23:20-
Exod 23:23;
Ps 99:6-
Ps 99:7;
Isa 63:8-
Isa 63:9).