1 הַֽלְלוּיָהּH1984 הוֹדוּH3034 לַיהוָהH3068 כִּיH3588 טוֹבH2896 כִּיH3588 לְעוֹלָםH5769 חַסְדּֽוֹH2617
2 מִיH4310 יְמַלֵּלH4448 גְּבוּרוֹתH1369 יְהוָהH3068 יַשְׁמִיעַH8085 כָּלH3605 תְּהִלָּתֽוֹH8416
3 אַשְׁרֵיH835 שֹׁמְרֵיH8104 מִשְׁפָּטH4941 עֹשֵׂהH6213 צְדָקָהH6666 בְכָלH3605 עֵֽתH6256
4 זָכְרֵנִיH2142 יְהוָהH3068 בִּרְצוֹןH7522 עַמֶּךָH5971 פָּקְדֵנִיH6485 בִּישׁוּעָתֶֽךָH3444
5 לִרְאוֹתH7200 בְּטוֹבַתH2896 בְּחִירֶיךָH972 לִשְׂמֹחַH8055 בְּשִׂמְחַתH8057 גּוֹיֶךָH1471 לְהִתְהַלֵּלH1984 עִםH5973 נַחֲלָתֶֽךָH5159
6 חָטָאנוּH2398 עִםH5973 אֲבוֹתֵינוּH1 הֶעֱוִינוּH5753 הִרְשָֽׁעְנוּH7561
7 אֲבוֹתֵינוּH1 בְמִצְרַיִםH4714 לֹאH3808 הִשְׂכִּילוּH7919 נִפְלְאוֹתֶיךָH6381 לֹאH3808 זָכְרוּH2142 אֶתH853 רֹבH7230 חֲסָדֶיךָH2617 וַיַּמְרוּH4784 עַלH5921 יָםH3220 בְּיַםH3220 סֽוּףH5488
8 וַֽיּוֹשִׁיעֵםH3467 לְמַעַןH4616 שְׁמוֹH8034 לְהוֹדִיעַH3045 אֶתH853 גְּבוּרָתֽוֹH1369
9 וַיִּגְעַרH1605 בְּיַםH3220 סוּףH5488 וַֽיֶּחֱרָבH2717 וַיּוֹלִיכֵםH1980 בַּתְּהֹמוֹתH8415 כַּמִּדְבָּֽרH4057
10 וַֽיּוֹשִׁיעֵםH3467 מִיַּדH3027 שׂוֹנֵאH8130 וַיִּגְאָלֵםH1350 מִיַּדH3027 אוֹיֵֽבH341
11 וַיְכַסּוּH3680 מַיִםH4325 צָרֵיהֶםH6862 אֶחָדH259 מֵהֶםH1992 לֹאH3808 נוֹתָֽרH3498
12 וַיַּאֲמִינוּH539 בִדְבָרָיוH1697 יָשִׁירוּH7891 תְּהִלָּתֽוֹH8416
13 מִֽהֲרוּH4116 שָׁכְחוּH7911 מַעֲשָׂיוH4639 לֹֽאH3808 חִכּוּH2442 לַעֲצָתֽוֹH6098
14 וַיִּתְאַוּוּH183 תַאֲוָהH8378 בַּמִּדְבָּרH4057 וַיְנַסּוּH5254 אֵלH410 בִּֽישִׁימֽוֹןH3452
15 וַיִּתֵּןH5414 לָהֶםH1992 שֶׁאֱלָתָםH7596 וַיְשַׁלַּחH7971 רָזוֹןH7332 בְּנַפְשָֽׁםH5315
16 וַיְקַנְאוּH7065 לְמֹשֶׁהH4872 בַּֽמַּחֲנֶהH4264 לְאַהֲרֹןH175 קְדוֹשׁH6918 יְהוָֽהH3068
17 תִּפְתַּחH6605 אֶרֶץH776 וַתִּבְלַעH1104 דָּתָןH1885 וַתְּכַסH3680 עַלH5921 עֲדַתH5712 אֲבִירָֽםH48
18 וַתִּבְעַרH1197 אֵשׁH784 בַּעֲדָתָםH5712 לֶהָבָהH3852 תְּלַהֵטH3857 רְשָׁעִֽיםH7563
19 יַעֲשׂוּH6213 עֵגֶלH5695 בְּחֹרֵבH2722 וַיִּשְׁתַּחֲווּH7812 לְמַסֵּכָֽהH4541
20 וַיָּמִירוּH4171 אֶתH853 כְּבוֹדָםH3519 בְּתַבְנִיתH8403 שׁוֹרH7794 אֹכֵלH398 עֵֽשֶׂבH6212
21 שָׁכְחוּH7911 אֵלH410 מוֹשִׁיעָםH3467 עֹשֶׂהH6213 גְדֹלוֹתH1419 בְּמִצְרָֽיִםH4714
22 נִפְלָאוֹתH6381 בְּאֶרֶץH776 חָםH2526 נוֹרָאוֹתH3372 עַלH5921 יַםH3220 סֽוּףH5488
23 וַיֹּאמֶרH559 לְֽהַשְׁמִידָםH8045 לוּלֵיH3884 מֹשֶׁהH4872 בְחִירוֹH972 עָמַדH5975 בַּפֶּרֶץH6556 לְפָנָיוH6440 לְהָשִׁיבH7725 חֲמָתוֹH2534 מֵֽהַשְׁחִֽיתH7843
24 וַֽיִּמְאֲסוּH3988 בְּאֶרֶץH776 חֶמְדָּהH2532 לֹֽאH3808 הֶאֱמִינוּH539 לִדְבָרֽוֹH1697
25 וַיֵּרָגְנוּH7279 בְאָהֳלֵיהֶםH168 לֹאH3808 שָׁמְעוּH8085 בְּקוֹלH6963 יְהוָֽהH3068
26 וַיִּשָּׂאH5375 יָדוֹH3027 לָהֶםH1992 לְהַפִּילH5307 אוֹתָםH853 בַּמִּדְבָּֽרH4057
27 וּלְהַפִּילH5307 זַרְעָםH2233 בַּגּוֹיִםH1471 וּלְזָרוֹתָםH2219 בָּאֲרָצֽוֹתH776
28 וַיִּצָּמְדוּH6775 לְבַעַלH0 פְּעוֹרH1187 וַיֹּאכְלוּH398 זִבְחֵיH2077 מֵתִֽיםH4191
29 וַיַּכְעִיסוּH3707 בְּמַֽעַלְלֵיהֶםH4611 וַתִּפְרָץH6555 בָּםH0 מַגֵּפָֽהH4046
30 וַיַּעֲמֹדH5975 פִּֽינְחָסH6372 וַיְפַלֵּלH6419 וַתֵּעָצַרH6113 הַמַּגֵּפָֽהH4046
31 וַתֵּחָשֶׁבH2803 לוֹH0 לִצְדָקָהH6666 לְדֹרH1755 וָדֹרH1755 עַדH5704 עוֹלָֽםH5769
32 וַיַּקְצִיפוּH7107 עַלH5921 מֵיH4325 מְרִיבָהH4808 וַיֵּרַעH3415 לְמֹשֶׁהH4872 בַּעֲבוּרָֽםH5668
33 כִּֽיH3588 הִמְרוּH4784 אֶתH853 רוּחוֹH7307 וַיְבַטֵּאH981 בִּשְׂפָתָֽיוH8193
34 לֹֽאH3808 הִשְׁמִידוּH8045 אֶתH853 הָֽעַמִּיםH5971 אֲשֶׁרH834 אָמַרH559 יְהוָהH3068 לָהֶֽםH1992
35 וַיִּתְעָרְבוּH6148 בַגּוֹיִםH1471 וַֽיִּלְמְדוּH3925 מַֽעֲשֵׂיהֶֽםH4639
36 וַיַּעַבְדוּH5647 אֶתH853 עֲצַבֵּיהֶםH6091 וַיִּהְיוּH1961 לָהֶםH1992 לְמוֹקֵֽשׁH4170
37 וַיִּזְבְּחוּH2076 אֶתH853 בְּנֵיהֶםH1121 וְאֶתH853 בְּנֽוֹתֵיהֶםH1323 לַשֵּֽׁדִיםH7700
38 וַיִּֽשְׁפְּכוּH8210 דָםH1818 נָקִיH5355 דַּםH1818 בְּנֵיהֶםH1121 וּֽבְנוֹתֵיהֶםH1323 אֲשֶׁרH834 זִבְּחוּH2076 לַעֲצַבֵּיH6091 כְנָעַןH3667 וַתֶּחֱנַףH2610 הָאָרֶץH776 בַּדָּמִֽיםH1818
39 וַיִּטְמְאוּH2930 בְמַעֲשֵׂיהֶםH4639 וַיִּזְנוּH2181 בְּמַֽעַלְלֵיהֶֽםH4611
40 וַיִּֽחַרH2734 אַףH639 יְהוָהH3068 בְּעַמּוֹH5971 וַיְתָעֵבH8581 אֶתH853 נַחֲלָתֽוֹH5159
41 וַיִּתְּנֵםH5414 בְּיַדH3027 גּוֹיִםH1471 וַֽיִּמְשְׁלוּH4910 בָהֶםH0 שֹׂנְאֵיהֶֽםH8130
42 וַיִּלְחָצוּםH3905 אוֹיְבֵיהֶםH341 וַיִּכָּנְעוּH3665 תַּחַתH8478 יָדָֽםH3027
43 פְּעָמִיםH6471 רַבּוֹתH7227 יַצִּילֵםH5337 וְהֵמָּהH1992 יַמְרוּH4784 בַעֲצָתָםH6098 וַיָּמֹכּוּH4355 בַּעֲוֺנָֽםH5771
44 וַיַּרְאH7200 בַּצַּרH6862 לָהֶםH1992 בְּשָׁמְעוֹH8085 אֶתH853 רִנָּתָֽםH7440
45 וַיִּזְכֹּרH2142 לָהֶםH1992 בְּרִיתוֹH1285 וַיִּנָּחֵםH5162 כְּרֹבH7230 חסדוH2617 חֲסָדָֽיוH2617
46 וַיִּתֵּןH5414 אוֹתָםH853 לְרַחֲמִיםH7356 לִפְנֵיH6440 כָּלH3605 שׁוֹבֵיהֶֽםH7617
47 הוֹשִׁיעֵנוּH3467 יְהוָהH3068 אֱלֹהֵינוּH430 וְקַבְּצֵנוּH6908 מִֽןH4480 הַגּוֹיִםH1471 לְהֹדוֹתH3034 לְשֵׁםH8034 קָדְשֶׁךָH6944 לְהִשְׁתַּבֵּחַH7623 בִּתְהִלָּתֶֽךָH8416
48 בָּרוּךְH1288 יְהוָהH3068 אֱלֹהֵיH430 יִשְׂרָאֵלH3478 מִןH4480 הָעוֹלָםH5769 וְעַדH5704 הָעוֹלָםH5769 וְאָמַרH559 כָּלH3605 הָעָםH5971 אָמֵןH543 הַֽלְלוּH1984 יָֽהּH3050
Jamieson Fausset Brown Bible Commentary 1 This Psalm gives a detailed confession of the sins of Israel in all periods of their history, with special reference to the terms of the covenant as intimated (
Ps 105:45). It is introduced by praise to God for the wonders of His mercy, and concluded by a supplication for His favor to His afflicted people, and a doxology. (Psa. 106:1-48)
Praise, &c.--(See on
Ps 104:35), begins and ends the Psalm, intimating the obligations of praise, however we sin and suffer
1Chr 16:34-36 is the source from which the beginning and end of this Psalm are derived.
2 His acts exceed our comprehension, as His praise our powers of expression (
Rom 11:33). Their unutterable greatness is not to keep us back, but to urge us the more to try to praise Him as best we can (
Ps 40:5;
Ps 71:15).
3 The blessing is limited to those whose principles and acts are right. How "blessed" Israel would be now, if he had "observed God's statutes" (
Ps 105:45).
4 In view of the desert of sins to be confessed, the writer invokes God's covenant mercy to himself and the Church, in whose welfare he rejoices. The speaker, me, I, is not the Psalmist himself, but the people, the present generation (compare
Ps 106:6).
visit--(Compare
Ps 8:4).
5 see the good--participate in it (
Ps 37:13).
thy chosen--namely, Israel, God's elect (
Isa 43:20;
Isa 45:4). As God seems to have forgotten them, they pray that He would "remember" them with the favor which belongs to His own people, and which once they had enjoyed.
thine inheritance-- (
Deut 9:29;
Deut 32:9).
6 Compare
1Kgs 8:47;
Dan 9:5, where the same three verbs occur in the same order and connection, the original of the two later passages being the first one, the prayer of Solomon in dedicating the temple.
sinned . . . fathers--like them, and so partaking of their guilt. The terms denote a rising gradation of sinning (compare
Ps 1:1).
with our fathers--we and they together forming one mass of corruption.
7 Special confession. Their rebellion at the sea (
Exod 14:11) was because they had not remembered nor understood God's miracles on their behalf. That God saved them in their unbelief was of His mere mercy, and for His own glory.
the sea . . . the Red Sea--the very words in which Moses' song celebrated the scene of Israel's deliverance (
Exod 15:4). Israel began to rebel against God at the very moment and scene of its deliverance by God!
8 for his name's sake-- (
Ezek 20:14).
9 rebuked-- (
Ps 104:7).
as through the wilderness-- (
Isa 63:11-
Isa 63:14).
12 believed . . . his words--This is said not to praise the Israelites, but God, who constrained even so unbelieving a people momentarily to "believe" while in immediate view of His wonders, a faith which they immediately afterwards lost (
Ps 106:13;
Exod 14:31;
Exod 15:1).
13 The faith induced by God's display of power in their behalf was short lived, and their new rebellion and temptation was visited by God with fresh punishment, inflicted by leaving them to the result of their own gratified appetites, and sending on them spiritual poverty (
Num 11:18).
They soon forgat--literally, "They hasted, they forgat" (compare
Exod 32:8). "They have turned aside quickly (or, hastily) out of the way." The haste of our desires is such that we can scarcely allow God one day. Unless He immediately answers our call, instantly then arise impatience, and at length despair.
his works-- (
Deut 11:3-
Deut 11:4;
Dan 9:14).
his counsel--They waited not for the development of God's counsel, or plan for their deliverance, at His own time, and in His own way.
14 Literally, "lusted a lust" (quoted from
Num 11:4, Margin). Previously, there had been impatience as to necessaries of life; here it is lusting (
Ps 78:18).
15 but sent leanness--rather, "and sent," that is, and thus, even in doing so, the punishment was inflicted at the very time their request was granted. So
Ps 78:30, "While their meat was yet in their mouths, the wrath of God came upon them."
soul--the animal soul, which craves for food (
Num 11:6;
Ps 107:18). This soul got its wish, and with it and in it its own punishment. The place was therefore called Kibroth-hattaavah, "the graves of lust" [
Num 11:34], because there they buried the people who had lusted. Animal desires when gratified mostly give only a hungry craving for more (
Jer 2:13).
16 All the congregation took part with Dathan, Korah, &c., and their accomplices (
Num 16:41).
Aaron the saint--literally, "the holy one," as consecrated priest; not a moral attribute, but one designating his office as holy to the Lord. The rebellion was followed by a double punishment: (1) of the non-Levitical rebels, the Reubenites, Dathan and Abiram, &c. (
Deut 11:6;
Num 26:10); these were swallowed up by the earth.
17 covered--"closed upon them" (
Num 16:33). (2) Of the Levitical rebels, with Korah at their head (
Num 16:35;
Num 26:10); these had sinned by fire, and were punished by fire, as Aaron's (being high priest) sons had been (
Lev 10:2; Num. 16:1-35).
19 From indirect setting God at naught, they pass to direct.
made--though prohibited in
Exod 20:4-
Exod 20:5 to make a likeness, even of the true God.
calf--called so in contempt. They would have made an ox or bull, but their idol turned out but a calf; an imitation of the divine symbols, the cherubim; or of the sacred bull of Egyptian idolatry. The idolatry was more sinful in view of their recent experience of God's power in Egypt and His wonders at Sinai (
Exod 32:1-
Exod 32:6). Though intending to worship Jehovah under the symbol of the calf, yet as this was incompatible with His nature (
Deut 4:15-
Deut 4:17), they in reality gave up Him, and so were given up by Him. Instead of the Lord of heaven, they had as their glory the image of an ox that does nothing but eat grass.
23 he said--namely, to Moses (
Deut 9:13). With God, saying is as certain as doing; but His purpose, while full of wrath against sin, takes into account the mediation of Him of whom Moses was the type (
Exod 32:11-
Exod 32:14;
Deut 9:18-
Deut 9:19).
Moses his chosen--that is, to be His servant (compare
Ps 105:26).
in the breach--as a warrior covers with his body the broken part of a wall or fortress besieged, a perilous place (
Ezek 13:5;
Ezek 22:30).
to turn away--or, "prevent"
his wrath-- (
Num 25:11;
Ps 78:38).
24 The sin of refusing to invade Canaan, "the pleasant land" (
Jer 3:19;
Ezek 20:6;
Dan 8:9), "the land of beauty," was punished by the destruction of that generation (
Num 14:28), and the threat of dispersion (
Deut 4:25;
Deut 28:32) afterwards made to their posterity, and fulfilled in the great calamities now bewailed, may have also been then added.
despised-- (
Num 14:31).
believed not his word--by which He promised He would give them the land; but rather the word of the faithless spies (compare
Ps 78:22).
26 lifted up his hand--or, "swore," the usual form of swearing (compare
Num 14:30, Margin).
27 To overthrow--literally, "To make them fall"; alluding to the words (
Num 14:39).
among . . . nations . . . lands--The "wilderness" was not more destructive to the fathers (
Ps 106:26) than residence among the heathen ("nations") shall be to the children.
Lev 26:33,
Lev 26:38 is here, before the Psalmist's mind, the determination against the "seed" when rebellious, being not expressed in
Num 14:31-
Num 14:33, but implied in the determination against the fathers.
28 sacrifices of the dead--that is, of lifeless idols, contrasted with "the living God" (
Jer 10:3-
Jer 10:10; compare
Ps 115:4-
Ps 115:7;
1Cor 12:2). On the words,
joined themselves to Baal-peor--see
Num 25:2-
Num 25:3,
Num 25:5.
Baal-peor--that is, the possessor of Peor, the mountain on which Chemosh, the idol of Moab, was worshipped, and at the foot of which Israel at the time lay encamped (
Num 23:28). The name never occurs except in connection with that locality and that circumstance.
29 provoked--excited grief and indignation (
Ps 6:7;
Ps 78:58).
30 stood--as Aaron "stood between the living and the dead, and the plague was stayed" (
Num 16:48).
executed judgment--literally, "judged," including sentence and act.
31 counted . . . righteousness--"a just and rewardable action."
for--or, "unto," to the procuring of righteousness, as in
Rom 4:2;
Rom 10:4. Here it was a particular act, not faith, nor its object Christ; and what was procured was not justifying righteousness, or what was to be rewarded with eternal life; for no one act of man's can be taken for complete obedience. But it was that which God approved and rewarded with a perpetual priesthood to him and his descendants (
Num 25:13;
1Chr 6:4, &c.).
32 (Compare
Num 20:3-
Num 20:12;
Deut 1:37;
Deut 3:26).
went ill with--literally, "was bad for"
Moses--His conduct, though under great provocation, was punished by exclusion from Canaan.
34 They not only failed to expel the heathen, as God
commanded-- (
Exod 23:32-
Exod 23:33), literally, "said (they should)," but conformed to their idolatries [
Ps 106:36], and thus became spiritual adulterers (
Ps 73:27).
37 unto devils--Septuagint, "demons" (compare
1Cor 10:20), or "evil spirits."
38 polluted with blood--literally, "blood," or "murder" (
Ps 5:6;
Ps 26:9).
40 Those nations first seduced and then oppressed them (compare
Judg 1:34;
Judg 2:14;
Judg 3:30). Their apostasies ungratefully repaid God's many mercies till He finally abandoned them to punishment (
Lev 26:39).
44 If, as is probable, this Psalm was written at the time of the captivity, the writer now intimates the tokens of God's returning favor.
45 repented--(compare
Ps 90:13).
46 made . . . pitied-- (
1Kgs 8:50;
Dan 1:9). These tokens encourage the prayer and the promise of praise (
Ps 30:4), which is well closed by a doxology.